中国城镇居民的职业流动性研究——来自微观数据的经验分析

采用了微观的城镇居民调查数据,对我国当前职业流动的特征进行了考查,研究了性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况及收入水平等劳动者的个体特征与职业流动性之间的关系.不同性别之间的职业流动并无显著差异,教育程度越高的流动性越强,未婚者的流动性低于已婚者,劳动者的流动性与收入水平成反比,而职业流动性随着年龄的增大而减小.     

流动妇女收入影响的DAG图模型研究

基于江苏省流动妇女生存状况的实地调查,运用贝叶斯网络构造流动妇女收入影响因素的DAG图模型。与线性模型结果不同,流动妇女个体特征并不都直接影响月收入,其中年龄对教育程度和婚姻状况有直接影响,来源地对教育程度有直接影响,教育程度和婚姻状况对职业类型选择有直接影响,职业类型对月收入有直接影响,年龄、来源地、教育程度和婚姻状况对月收入有间接影响。     

代际收入流动的经济学分析

近些年来,"富二代","官二代"现象备受热议,表明子代的收入更多地受到父辈的收入水平、社会地位、教育水平等综合因素的影响,我国代际收入流动的收入继承性明显增强。文本从代际流动的三种理论出发,分析了影响代际流动性的影响因素,代际流动性的测度,进而提出了合理提高代际流动性政策建议。     

中国居民收入流动性的性别差异分析

为了对不同性别的中国居民收入流动性进行分析,文章使用了2006年和2011年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,通过构建收入转换矩阵,比较了不同性别收入流动性水平及收入流动性结构。发现从全国来看,收入向上流动低于向下流动;从性别来看,女性收入流动性高于男性,而男性的收入向上/向下流动比率高于女性。得出全国范围内的收入流动不利于多数人经济地位的改善,且考虑了收入流动性之后,静态性别收入差距会变大的结论,最后从收入流动性的角度,就如何改善性别收入分配不平等状况提出了建议。     

按人口因素细分保险市场

按人口因素细分保险市场贺峻峰（中国投资发展促进会）人口因素对人身保险和家庭财产保险的需求有直接的影响。对企业财产保险等需求的影响就是间接的了。在人口因素中，包括年龄、性别、家庭、住址、收入水平、职业、文化程度、宗教信仰等内容，例如家庭财产保险主要与下...     

人力资本与外出农民工职业选择——基于河南省三县市调研数据的实证分析

本文基于河南省三县市外出农民工的相关调查数据,考察该区域农民工的职业选择状况,并着重分析人力资本因素对外出农民工职业选择的影响.研究结果表明,受教育程度、是否接受过专业培训对外出农民工获取或从事具有向上流动性强、社会声望相对较高的职业影响十分显著;更多低水平人力资本特征的外出农民工主要集中于制造业、建筑业和宾馆餐饮服务业等低层次职业就业.据此,我们认为大力发展农村职业教育、加强专业技能培训是促进农民工职业向上流动的有效途径.     

农村居民对农业旅游经济影响的感知差异研究

社区居民人口特征的不同可能会对旅游经济影响感知产生差异。本文从社区居民的性别、年龄、受教育程度、现在家庭年收入水平4个方面,运用t检验和采用单因素方差分析来考察不同特征社区居民之间的旅游经济影响感知差异,结果显示:年龄因子对社区居民的旅游经济影响的感知没有有显著影响,性别、受教育程度和家庭年收入水平对社区居民的旅游经济影响的感知有显著影响,但是三者并非都对所有的旅游经济影响的感知因子有显著影响。     

网络购物称呼语使用情况调查与分析——以淘宝网用户为例

网络购物过程中商家与顾客的称呼语使用体现了语境的特殊性以及当今社会文化的多元性,通过分析网络购物称呼语与使用者性别、年龄、教育程度和职业等社会变量之间的关系,对其规律与特点进行考察与归纳,并与传统购物过程中称呼语的使用情况进行对比,揭示社会变量在不同语境中的作用与影响。     

酒店员工职业压力实证研究——以大连某五星级酒店为例

职业压力是在职业工作中长期的积累而形成的。本文通过对大连某五星级酒店的120名员工的问卷调查发现,该酒店员工职业压力总体处于中上等水平,职业发展问题是员工们面临的最主要的职业压力。酒店员工的职业压力在性别、岗位类型、年龄、工作年限和受教育程度方面都存在显著差异。由此提出了缓解酒店职业压力的三点建议。     

我国城市劳动力市场分割的经济学分析

我国城市职工市场和农民工市场处于严重的分割状态,劳动者的收入水平、福利待遇、工作条件和竞争程度等都存在较大差异。本文主要分析了这两种市场的现实特征和运行机制,并考察了福利效果。     

教育水平对城乡收入水平影响的实证研究——基于山西省的调查数据

文章以山西省的调查数据为基础,实证研究了教育水平对城乡收入水平的影响,研究结果显示,无论在城市还是农村,均显示出教育水平与收入水平的正相关关系。但教育投资的回报率在城市和农村却呈现出不同的特征,在城市,边际报酬呈现递增,而农村则呈现出边际报酬递减。文章对这一实证结论给出了理论解释,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

Work-Related Behavioral Intentions in Macedonia: Coping Strategies, Work Environment, Love of Money, Job Satisfaction, and Demographic Variables

Based on theory of planned behavior, we develop a theoretical model involving love of money (LOM), job satisfaction (attitude), coping strategies/responses (perceived behavioral control), work environment (subjective norm), and work-related behavioral intentions (behavioral intention). We tested this model using job satisfaction as a mediator and sector (public versus private), personal character (good apples versus bad apples), gender, and income as moderators in a sample of 515 employees and their managers in the Republic of Macedonia. For the whole sample, both coping strategies and helpful work environment were related to high job satisfaction. The relationship between work environment and job satisfaction was the strongest link in all subsequent analyses. High LOM is associated with unfavorable work environment for employees in the private sectors and people with low income and is positively associated with coping strategies for bad apples. A favorable work environment was related to less corrupt intent for people in the public sectors, good apples, and with low income, but not for their counterparts. Coping strategies were related to high job satisfaction for males, but not for females. Our counterintuitive results showed that bad apples?? high LOM was related to low corrupt intent. Our theoretical model sheds new light and provides novel theoretical, empirical, and practical implications to Macedonian managers?? corrupt intent.     

Determinants of household expected real income growth in the U.S.A.

This study explores factors related to household income growth in a two-period timeframe. using data from the 1983 and I986 Survey of Consumer Finances. Regression results explain 81% of the variation in household income. Household income in the first period, age, marital status, education, job status and occupation were found to be important determinants of various levels of household real income growth. Implications for consumer education, financial planning, family economics and welfare policy are discussed.     

广东城镇居民消费结构变动分析

本文认为,近年来广东城镇居民消费结构变化速度加快,生存型商品平均消费倾向呈下降趋势,医疗保健、交通通讯、文娱教育、居住等商品平均消费倾向呈上升趋势;食品、交通通讯、文娱教育边际消费倾向较高,衣着、家用品、医疗保健用品边际消费倾向较低;食品、衣着、家用品需求收入弹性较小,医疗保健、交通通讯、文娱教育、居住收入弹性较大;消费需求价格弹性都小于零,且自价格弹性都大于互价格弹性。文章提出,为了优化广东城镇居民消费结构,应增加居民收入,促进居民消费结构升级;调整收入分配政策,平衡收入差距;合理调整产业结构和商品结构,进一步推进消费信贷政策。     

中国城镇消费结构变动及相关因素的实证分析

本文在对中国城镇居民消费支出结构与居民可支配收入进行协整分析的基础上,引入市场化指数、现代化指数、消费者信心指数等环境因素,对中国城镇居民消费支出结构进行了广义分析。文章认为,中国城镇居民可支配收入、现代化指数、消费者信心指数、市场化指数与消费支出结构都具有长期均衡的协整关系;城镇居民收入与各消费支出均衡机制对消费结构变化具有强烈的制约作用,其强烈程度顺序为食品、医保、居住、家用、衣着、文教、杂项和交通;文教和居住的当期收入对当期消费支出的影响较大;消费结构的变化与居民可支配收入、现代化指数、市场化指数和消费者信心指数息息相关。     

Global mobility orientation and the success of self-initiated expatriates in Greater China

We investigated 640 self-initiated expatriate academics residing in Greater China. We examined whether their inherent demographic characteristics (age/gender) and acquired demographic characteristics (marital status/seniority) differentiated their work outcomes regarding job adjustment, time to proficiency, performance and satisfaction. We also explored the associations between global mobility orientation and these four work outcomes and examined to what extent the demographic characteristics differentiated the relationships. Results support most hypothesized differences. We found that a global mobility orientation was associated with all the work outcomes, except satisfaction. For inherent demographic characteristics, we found support for our hypotheses that for individuals with less successful demographics (younger, male), there was a stronger relationship between global mobility orientation and the work outcomes.     

Time to Close the Opportunity Gap

Our economy suffers from a large and widening “Growth Gap” between the current recovery, which started in June 2009, and an average post-1960 recovery. In this context, President Obama raised the issues of economic inequality and mobility. In the United States over the last few decades, income inequality increased modestly, but economic mobility remained stable. First, this address presents five areas in which the federal government can help to ameliorate economic inequality and enhance economic mobility. They concern the federal tax system, the Federal Reserve’s dual mandate, federal unfunded liabilities, and regulatory reform. Second, Congress has a role to play in education reform and reducing the burden of college debt. Third, increasing economic mobility requires Congress to address the “poverty traps” for low-income individuals that are imposed by the interaction between taxes and the eligibility for social welfare benefits. Fourth, as a society, we must encourage the young to get their first job, a problem made worse by the proposed increase in the federal minimum wage. Fifth, we must open new markets for exports.     

Work after retirement: intentions,realities and implications

The economic security of families in retirement is a function of levels of inflation and how well families can adjust their retirement incomes to meet inflation. One way of buffering the effects of inflation is to work part-time after retirement from one's main job. Studies of retired people, however, have indicated that levels of post-retirement work are low. This study of a near-retirement aged cohort offered a special early retirement incentive indicates that intentions to work after retirement from their main job are consistent with previous retired cohorts' work levels. On average, respondents anticipated working less than 3·5 h per week or less than 10 weeks per year. Major factors affecting the hours or weeks of work desired were age, life expectancy, perceived retirement income adequacy, marital status, health, sex, area of residence and education.     

The links between job insecurity,financial well‐being and financial stress: A moderated mediation model

This study proposed a nuanced approach to the association between job insecurity and financial stress by examining whether financial well‐being mediates the established association. In addition, we examined whether the association between the job insecurity and financial stress, through financial well‐being, is moderated by income. For this study, we conducted a path analysis using 1,145 survey respondents. Results revealed a significant relationship between the job insecurity and financial stress and a partial mediation effect of financial well‐being. Moreover, the indirect effect of job insecurity on financial stress through financial well‐being was moderated by income. Although people who have higher financial well‐being were more likely to have lower financial stress, this relationship varied by income such that it was stronger for higher income groups than for lower income groups. Our findings provide insights into the way job insecurity and financial well‐being influence financial stress. This study will help the researchers and practitioners develop more effective and adaptive intervention programmes and resources for individuals and families. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.