Russian market of transport services in international container transportation

The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the corridor of Euro-Asian transport links in comparison with other international routes and identifies the factors constraining the development of transit container transportation and establishment of effective mechanisms ensuring the competitive advantages of the Russian route.     

链接1：义乌国际商贸城

义乌国际商贸城是义乌市面向21世纪实施的市场国际化战略扩张的龙头工程。义乌国际商贸城建设共分三期：义乌国际商贸城一期义乌国际商贸城一期市场坐落于义乌繁华的稠州路上,东侧为义乌海关办事处,北连国际商贸城二期工程,毗邻梅湖会展中心、国际物流中心、江东联托运市场、篁园市场、宾王市场,投资6亿多元,于2002年9月28日建成并投入使用。该工程占地420亩、建筑面积34万平方米,市场内设中央空调、大型电子信息屏、     

The political economy of services trade liberalization: a case for international regulatory cooperation?

Little progress has been made since the creation of the WTOon expanding and deepening the coverage of services liberalizationcommitments. This paper identifies and discusses five hypothesesthat may explain the absence of dynamism: (i) technologicalchanges allowing ever more services to be traded cross-borderunaffected by policy; (ii) strong incentives to pursue liberalizationon an autonomous basis (unilaterally); (iii) perceptions thatbilateral or regional cooperation are a good substitute forthe WTO; (iv) standard political-economy factors, such as adjustmentcosts and resistance by incumbents to erosion of rents; and(v) concerns that the WTO will affect the ability of regulatorsto enforce national norms. We argue that all of these explanationsplay a role, and that some of these factors significantly impedethe scope for reciprocal exchanges of ‘concessions’—theengine of WTO negotiations.     

Heterogeneous workers and international trade

In this paper, I survey the recent theoretical literature that incorporates heterogeneous labor into models of international trade. The models with heterogeneous labor have been used to study how talent dispersion can be a source of comparative advantage, how the opening of trade affects the full distribution of wages, and how trade affects industry productivity and efficiency via its impact on sorting and matching in the labor market. Some of the most recent contributions also introduce labor market frictions to study the effects of trade on structural unemployment and on mismatch between workers and firms.     

Time preference and international trade

We first consider a closed model, where households' time discount depends on externality in consumption. We can prove that there is a unique steady state, which is a saddle point. Then we extend the model to a two‐country world, and derive the condition on the effects of consumption externality under which there is a unique free trade steady state with saddle‐point stability.     

浅论国际服务贸易中的交易费用

与其它市场交易一样，国际服务贸易的发展要受到交易费用的影响。本文首行分析了这种影响，然后着重论述了影响国际服务贸易交易费用的因素，最后对可能减少国际服务贸易交易费用的因素进行了说明-其中包括GATS对之所作的贡献。     

Preferential trade agreements and the structure of international trade

In this paper we examine the impact of membership in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on trade between PTA members. Rather than considering the impact of PTA membership on the volume of trade we consider the impact of membership on the structure of trade. For a large sample of countries over the period 1962–2000 we find that membership in a PTA is associated with an increase in the extent of intra-industry trade. Our results indicate that this is especially the case for PTAs formed between richer countries, with the effects of PTAs between poorer countries found to be smaller.     

Services and service intensity in international trade

Zusammenfassung Dienstleistungen und Dienstleistungsintensit?t im interna-tionalen Handel.- Der Aufsatz vergleicht die Eigenschaften von Gütern und Dienstlei-stungen und zeigt, da\ brauchbare Unterscheidungen mit Hilfe des Konzepts eines “Simultanit?tsfaktors” gewonnen werden k?nnen, der aus dem Zusammenwirken von Produzenten und Konsumenten von Dienstleistungen herrührt. Es wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, der Güter und Dienstleistungen in einem einzigen analytischen Rahmen zusammenfa\t. Dieser Rahmen, welcher sowohl heimische als auch internationale Transaktionen umfa\t, enth?lt überprüfbare Hypothesen zur Handelbarkeit von Dienstleistungen und von Gütern unterschiedlicher Dienstleistungsintensit?t. Au\er-dem werden zus?tzliche Anwendungen des Ansatzes auf die Handelspolitik und auf die Strategie von international t?tigen Finnen betrachtet.

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Résumé Services et l’intensité de service en commerce international. - Cet article compare les caractéristiques des biens et services et démontre que des distinctions utiles peuvent être déduites par l’application du concept du ?facteur de simultanéité? qui est dérivé de l’interaction entre les producteurs et les consommateurs des services. Une approche qui combine les biens et les services dans un seul cadre est développée. Le cadre qui inclut des transactions locales et internationales contient des hypothèses testables regardant la commerciabilité des services et des biens à différentes intensités de service. Des applications additionnelles à la politique commerciale et à la stratégie des entreprises engagées en transactions internationales sont aussi considérées.

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Resumen Servicios y la intensidad de servicios en el comercio international. - En este trabajo se comparan las caracteristícas de bienes y servicios y se muestra que distinciones significativas pueden ser deducidas utilizando el concepto de ?factor simul-taneidad? derivado de la interactión entre productores y usuarios de los servicios. Se desarrolla un enfoque que combina bienes y servicios en un marco único. El marco que comprende transacciones nationales e internationales genera hipótesis empíricas en relación a la comerciabilidad de servicios y bienes con diferente intensidad de servicios. Asimismo se consideran aplicaciones adicionales a la política comercial y la estrategia de empresas que partitipan en las transacciones internationales.

     

Customs brokers as intermediaries in international trade

Review of World Economics - Recent studies suggest that intermediaries like merchants facilitate international trade by reducing fixed trade costs for producers that trade through them instead of...     

Modeling complex network patterns in international trade

Review of World Economics - This paper examines the role of complex network patterns in determining international trade. The author proposes two empirical approaches to better identify the...     

Explaining liberalization commitments in financial services trade

The paper examines the determinants of market access commitments in international financial services trade in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Based on a theoretical model, it empirically investigates the role of domestic political economy forces, international bargaining considerations, and the state of complementary policy. The empirical results confirm the relevance of the model in explaining banking and (to a somewhat lesser degree) securities services liberalization commitments. The findings imply that those who seek greater access to developing country markets for financial services must do more to counter protectionism at home in areas of export interest for developing countries. JEL no. D78, F13, G20     

增加进口 何乐不为——余淼杰论“中国经济的第四条道路”

北京大学国家发展研究院余淼杰副教授认为,二战后所有穷国发展经济的套路,大凡跳不出如下三招：一是坚持进口替代,二是强调贸易自由化;三则是实施出口导向。但时下发展中国经济,这三条道路都行不通。     

国际环境公约中的贸易条款初探

一、国际环境公约中贸易条款的存在基础环境与贸易问题已成为全球性的问题,仅仅依靠单个国家和单个地区的力量单枪匹马地干,是不会取得预期效果的。因为从自然属性上讲,空气、水等流体是全球流动的;某国的生态系统是全球生态系统不可分割的重要组成部分;珍惜的物种虽然按主权原     

中、美国际贸易差额探析

中、美贸易中中国持续顺差的地位引起了美国对中国的强烈不满,从此,中、美贸易摩擦不断。本文以2006年为例,从中美贸易微观视角上分析了外汇成本和出口成本、从贸易理论上探析了贸易利益分配,从中、美贸易统计方法的不同等几个方面对中美贸易的实际利益进行了分析,得出中、美贸易顺差对中国来说只是数字,美国才是实际获利者。     

On the elasticity of substitution in international trade

Summary Attention for biases in the measurement of the Elasticity of Substitution (ES) in applied international trade flow modelling has a long tradition. It was mostly directed at the issue of the acceptability of the (often implicit) assumptions made on the parameters of the underlying demand model. The purpose of this paper is to prove both theoretically and with the help of some numerical examples that another strong potential source of biases in assessingES's in trade modelling does exist which gained remarkably little attention in the literature, namely, the regional pattern of international trade flows.     

Determinants of services trade agreement membership

Review of World Economics - Existing literature has examined factors underlying the formation of goods trade agreements (GTA) and bilateral investment treaties but not the determinants of services...     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国国际技术贸易的影响分析

一、贸易技术壁垒概述1.贸易技术壁垒是以技术法规、标准、合格评定、认证等技术性的措施对外国出口至本国或本地区的产品进行限制的非关税壁垒随着关税壁垒的减弱,技术性贸易壁垒已经成为多边贸易中最隐蔽,最难对付的一种非关税壁垒,构成当今国际国际贸易中最棘手的问题之一。     

The geopolitics of international trade in Southeast Asia

Review of World Economics - Motivated by the historically tense geopolitical situation in Southeast Asia, the paper simulates the potential closure of key maritime waterways in the region...