Trade Liberalization and Productivity Growth: Time-Series Evidence from Australian Manufacturing

This paper uses historical annual data for 27 years from 1968-69 on eight two-digit ANZSIC industries to assess the impact of the changes in industry assistance on economic efficiency. The empirical analysis shows that a 1 per cent decline in the nominal rate of assistance leads to between O.J 8 and 056 per cent gain in total factor productivity, the latter our measure of economic efficiency. This finding has strong policy implications for the future of tariff reform in the manufacturing sector.     

Time-Series Support for Balassa's Productivity-Bias Hypothesis: Evidence from Korea

In this paper we use the Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique and quarterly data over the period 1979–1993 to test the productivity-bias hypothesis between Korea and four of its major trading partners (Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The results show that in all four cases the deviation of purchasing-power parity (PPP) from the equilibrium exchange rate has a long-run relationship with the productivity ratios, supporting the notion that as Korea becomes relatively more productive, the Korean won appreciates in real terms.     

经济增长与能源消费：来自山东省的经验证据

本文运用协整分析和误差修正模型技术．探讨山东省经济增长与能源消费之间的关系。实证研究结果表明，山东省经济增长与能源消费存在长期均衡关系．并存在从经济增长到能源消费的单向因果关系；经济增长与能源消费之间的关系是非线性的，因而不能从能源消费的线性变化推测出经济增长率的变化；山东省经济受电力消费的影响较大，为了在2010年单位地区生产总值能源消耗降低20％的政策目标．山东电力消耗较高的产业必须加以调整。     

Financial Development and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Six MENA Countries

This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth for six Middle Eastern and North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, Syria, and Tunisia), within a quadvariate vector autoregressive framework. We employ four different measures of financial development and apply the augmented vector autoregression vector (VAR) methodology of Toda and Yamamoto to test for Granger causality. Our empirical results strongly support the hypothesis that finance leads to growth in five out of the six countries. Only in Israel could weak support be found for causality running from economic growth to financial development but no causality in the other direction. These findings suggest the need to accelerate the financial reforms that have been launched since the mid 1980s and to improve the efficiency of these countries’ financial systems to stimulate saving/investment and, consequently, long‐term economic growth.     

Causality Between Exports and Economic Growth: The Empirical Evidence from Shanghai

The export-led growth hypothesis is tested using monthly time series data for Shanghai (one of the major exporting provinces in China) using the Granger no-causality procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) in a vector autoregresion (VAR) model. This paper builds on the existing literature in three distinct ways. This is the first study of the export-led growth hypothesis which employs a regional dataset (Shanghai). Second, the paper follows Riezman et al . (1996) in controlling for the growth of imports to avoid a spurious causality result; and finally, the use of the methodology by Toda and Yamamoto is expected to improve the standard F -statistics in the causality test process. The research finds one-way Granger causality running from GDP to exports     

Inequality within generation: Evidence from France

Intra-generational inequalities focus on the distributions within age groups. On the basis of French household income surveys carried out from 1996 to 2014, the Gini coefficient and D9/D1 inter-decile ratio were calculated so as to evaluate intra-generational income inequality before and after redistribution by the tax and welfare system. Age-Cohort-Period models were then estimated in order to disentangle age and generation effects. Over a life cycle, intra-generational inequality displays a hump-shaped curve peaking at age 55–59. This inequality is significantly lower among the youngest, whichever inequality indicator is used, and among the oldest, when measured by the inter-decile ratio. Comparison of pre- and post-redistribution income reveals that the tax and welfare system particularly reduces inequality among the young. Intra-generational inequality measured by the Gini coefficient increases significantly from one generation to the next. Measured by the inter-decile ratio, the increase is considerable for the gross income of those generations born from the 1970s on. However, the tax and welfare system has compensated for this increase, because analysis of the inter-decile ratio applied to disposable income shows no significant difference between generations.     

Agglomeration Economies and Productivity Growth in Manufacturing Industry: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

This study examines the effect of agglomeration economies on productivity growth in Indonesian manufacturing industries during the first decade of this century. Productivity growth is measured at the firm level using the Färe‐Primont Productivity Index. Each firm's productivity growth is then regressed against a set of firm and industry characteristics, including three measures of agglomeration representing the effects of specialisation, diversity and competition. The results show evidence of a positive specialisation effect and a negative diversity effect for aggregate manufacturing and sub‐sectors. Furthermore, there are mixed effects across industries, suggesting that Porter's competition externalities stimulate firm productivity growth under some conditions but not others.     

Accounting for Growth and Output Gaps: Evidence from New Zealand

We evaluate New Zealand's macroeconomic performance over the 1967–1996 period, which witnessed numerous economic reforms. Using both index–number and econometric techniques, we decompose nominal GDP growth and the output gap into contributions from price level changes, productivity growth and changes in factor utilisation. Changes in domestic prices accounted for four–fifths of the growth in nominal GDP, while capital accumulation and employment growth were the most important factors determining real–output growth. Deviations in the domestic price level around its long–run trend contributed most heavily to changes in the nominal output gap. The real gap was influenced in any year variously by deviations of the terms of trade and labour input from their long–run trends, as well as by productivity shocks.     

Farm Survival and Growth in Transition Economies: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Hungary

Our conceptual model states that new individual farms may begin at a small, even sub-optimal, scale of production and then those farms that are successful will survive and grow, whereas those that are not will remain small and may ultimately be forced to exit from production. The samples of individual farms analysed throughout this article are drawn from the 1998 Farm Survey in Hungary. Our estimation results show that older and larger farms are more likely to survive, farm growth decreases with farm age when farm size is held constant and that learning considerations are important. Beside these standard results, in transition economies farmers', market and industry characteristics have a significant impact on the survival and growth rates of individual farm enterprises.     

Digital Economy,Entrepreneurship, and High-Quality Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from Urban China

The paper discusses the effects of the digital economy on high-quality urban development and its mechanism. Theoretically, the digital economy can empower high-quality development by boosting entrepreneurial vitality. Empirically, the paper measures the overall level of the digital economy and high-quality development of the 222 Chinese cities at and above the prefecture level during 2011–2016, depicts the entrepreneurial vitality of the cities with the microscopic data of the business registration information and makes quantitative analysis on this basis. The result shows: Digital economy has remarkably improved high-quality development and this conclusion still exists after the robustness test selecting historical data as the instrumental variables and the Broadband China pilot policy as the quasi experiment. The analysis of the mechanism of action indicates that encouraging public entrepreneurship is an important mechanism of the digital economy to release the dividend of high quality development. Finally, thanks to the threshold model and the spatial model, it is found that the positive effect of the digital economy has the characteristics of nonlinear increment and spatial spillover of the “marginal effects.” The research of the paper stimulates the reasons for high-quality development and the understanding of the effects, mechanisms and regional differences of high-quality development empowered by the digital economy.     

收敛抑或发散:来自中国区域经济非平衡增长的经验证据

按照共同的确定性线性时间趋势,可将我国28个省市自治区划分为四个区域（直辖市、经济发达、经济较发达和经济落后区域）,这些区域的经济增长存在着四个“俱乐部”收敛的特征。同时,在直辖市和经济发达区域的“俱乐部”之间还存在着绝对β-收敛的趋势。另外,在经济发达、经济较发达和经济落后区域的“俱乐部”之间,经济差距存在显著的持续扩大趋势。可以证明中国区域经济平衡非增长现象严重,贫富差距逐步扩大。     

Ethnic diversity and educational success: Evidence from France

This paper explores the relationship between ethnic diversity and adolescent educational outcomes at a very fine level. The French Labor Force Survey is used to obtain information on neighborhood composition and we use repetition of the school year at age 15 to 16 as an indicator of school underperformance. We use the method of Bayer, Ross, and Topa (2008) to take account of endogeneity. Although high ethnic diversity of the residential area and educational success seem to be negatively related at first sight, we show that the causal relationship between the two disappears when all confounding factors are properly controlled for. This result is robust for alternative definitions of origin.     

基于证券投资的资本流动与经济增长：理论与实证

资本流动的经济效应是金融自由化进程中争论的焦点之一。本文概述了资本流动与经济增长关系的最新研究进展。在国际收支框架内,利用证券投资项下的资本流动的1991—2007年的季度时间序列数据,发现我国证券投资项下资本流动与经济增长具有较高相关关系和双向因果关系。采用四种不同的资本流动口径对人均GDP进行协整分析,结果表明,证券投资项下的资本流量与长期经济增长呈显著正相关,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

Strategic Research Partnerships: Empirical Evidence from Asia

This paper evaluates the role Strategic Research Partnerships (SRPs) play in Asia. Specific Asian institutional settings influence the roles of SRPs. Japan is regarded as a forerunner in the practice of SRPs. In Japan, lack of spillover channels, limited opportunities for mergers and acquisitions, weak university research and pressure for internal diversification motivate firms to form SRPs. In Korea, SRPs are regarded as a means to promote large-scale research projects. In Taiwan, SRPs are formed to facilitate technological diffusion. Empirical findings on SRPs, focusing on government-sponsored R&D consortia in Japan, are summarized. Issues regarding SRP formation, their effect on R&D spending of participating firms, and productivity, are examined. Reference is made to alternative forms of measurement of SRPs and their potential application to Asian countries is assessed. Enhancing the capacity of policy-makers to assess the extent and contribution of SRPs is considered to be a priority.     

Inflation and Productivity: Empirical Evidence from Europe

The paper investigates the empirical association between inflation and productivity in 15 European countries over the period 1960–97. Modern econometric techniques based on integration and cointegra– tion analysis are used to test for the existence of a long–run relationship between inflation and productivity. Recently developed causality tests for possibly cointegrated VAR models are also applied instead of relying on standard Granger causality tests which are inappropriate in the presence of nonstationary variables.     

中国货币化率与经济增长

近年来,中国高货币化率问题愈发严重,学者们专注于寻找其背后的原因,却忽略了对货币化率与经济增长关系的研究.为此,在对货币化率影响经济增长相关理论进行总结归纳基础上,提出货币化率与经济增长之间呈现倒U型关系的理论假设,并且选择全球72个主要国家1996—2018年面板数据,对货币化率与经济增长之间关系进行实证检验.结果表明:在全样本和发达国家子样本中,货币化率与经济增长之间呈现倒U型关系,目前我国货币化率水平小于全样本数据拐点值,大于发达国家子样本数据拐点值.发展中国家子样本数据则显示,货币化率与经济增长呈现正U型关系,适当提高货币化率可以促进经济增长.最后,根据上述结论,提出中国货币化率最优路径图.     

我国新型城镇化的金融支持——基于政府和市场关系的经验证据

本文从政府和市场关系的角度检验了金融对新型城镇化的支持效应.对于不同地区,金融对新型城镇化的支持效果存在明显差异,金融支持对政府干预、国有经济所占比重具有不同的敏感性.对于东中西部的新型城镇化,金融支持规模、金融支持结构和金融支持效率的侧重点需要区别对待.从宏观而言,金融对新型城镇化的支持需要挖掘政府和市场的各自优势,统筹兼顾政府与市场的关系,优化政府干预以及市场配置的组合;从微观来看,需要加大对人口迁徙和转换、产业结构优化升级、大城市和城市群的金融支持力度.     

Investor attention and stock market activity: Evidence from France

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of investor attention on the French stock market activity and volatility. Following an original way, we construct a non-standard proxy of investor attention on the basis of investors' online search behavior exclusively provided by “Google insights for search”. We find that Google search volume is a reliable proxy of investor attention. Interestingly, we show that investor attention is strongly correlated to trading volume and is a significant determinant of the stock market illiquidity and volatility. Most importantly, this evidence is maintained even after controlling for the financial crisis effect.     

基于分类转移的盈余管理研究——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

以粉饰或掩盖公司真实经济业绩为目的的盈余管理行为一直是学术界关注的重要问题.针对以往研究缺乏对中国上市公司分类转移行为的关注,文章选取2007-2012年沪深两市A股上市公司的财务数据,实证考察了管理层利用线上项目与线下项目之间的分类转移调整公司盈余结构的行为.研究发现:(1)管理层会将经营费用向下转移至营业外支出或将营业外收入向上转移至营业收入,以调增公司的核心盈余;(2)管理层会利用线上项目与线下项目之间的分类转移实现营业利润增长和避免营业利润为负;(3)管理层利用线上项目与线下项目之间的分类转移调增核心盈余的程度随着第一大股东持股比例、独立董事比例和机构投资者持股比例的增大而减少,随着审计质量的提高而增加,并且大股东和独立董事对分类转移操纵的抑制作用仅在非国有企业中得以体现,而机构投资者对分类转移操纵的抑制作用仅在国有企业中得以体现.文章为会计准则制定者、公司治理层以及企业外部审计师审查分类转移操纵提供了借鉴.     

International Outsourcing and the Sector Bias: New Empirical Evidence

Considering labor market effects of international outsourcing on more disaggregated industry levels, a sector bias appears showing that low skilled labor receives a wage premium when international outsourcing takes place in low skill‐intensive industries. However, there is no empirical evidence supporting this pattern. Applying a panel data analysis for Germany, this paper provides new empirical evidence for the existence of the sector bias of international outsourcing: significant results confirm the decreasing wage gap if international outsourcing takes place in low skill‐intensive industries. If international outsourcing takes place in high skill‐intensive industries, the wage gap increases.