食糖流通:组织效率政策

在市场经济条件下,我国食糖流通主体、客体、流通渠道都发生了深刻的变化,食糖流通产业组织集中度低、缺乏规模效益、进入壁垒低决定了食糖市场低流通效率。政府主管部门的宏观调控应采用市场化手段,协调相关市场发展,关注国家食糖安全。     

Privatization and the economic performance of Irish Sugar/Greencore

As one of Ireland’s largest agribusiness companies, the Irish Sugar company played a key role in the country’s economic development in the twentieth century. The company was privatized in 1991 (under the new name Greencore) and has since transformed from a largely commodity-based agribusiness into an international convenience food company. This article analyses the financial and economic performance of the company in the 10 years before and after privatization. It finds that the change from public to private ownership was not strongly associated with improved financial performance and productivity as the company had experienced rapid growth and improvement in the pre-privatization period. These findings run counter to perspectives such as public choice theory that suggest a positive relationship between privatization and company performance. Performance in the post-privatization period was strongly influenced by greater exposure to market forces in the company’s expanding food division; however, it is surprising that this greater competition did not translate into improved overall performance.     

中国糖业发展循环经济的思考

本文首先介绍了中国糖业循环经济发展的现状，接着对目前糖业循环经济存在的不足进行分析，最后提出进一步发展中国糖业循环经济的思路。     

基于专利信息的广西制糖业技术创新能力分析

本文阐述了将专利信息分析用于产业技术创新能力评价的必要性,并以广西制糖产业为例,通过专利信息分析对广西制糖产业技术创新能力与国内制糖产业的综合技术水平进行了比较,据此对广西制糖产业技术创新能力进行了内部评价,分析了其存在的问题,并提出了提高广西制糖产业技术创新能力的相关对策。     

A Spoonful of Sugar: Privatization and Popular Support for Reform in the Czech Republic

We analyze the role of privatization in creating a constituency for economic reform, markets, and democratic institutions, focusing on the Czech Republic. Drawing on a 1996 survey, we examine the 1,459 respondents' opinions on reforms, economic policies and systems, the legitimacy of transition, and democratic values. Using ordered probit estimation, we find that receiving property through restitution is strongly associated with support for reform and markets. Concerning voucher privatization, we find positive effects for participants retaining shares, but little impact of participation alone. Our simulations suggest that policy designs have substantial consequences for citizens' support of reforms, markets, and democracy.     

Sugar daddy u: human capital investment and the university-based supply of ‘romantic arrangements’

To deal with the financial hardships associated with rising college tuition, many female college students in the U.S. are turning to risqué forms of financing human capital investments, such as agreeing to potentially lucrative ‘romantic arrangements’ with older males, referred to as ‘sugar daddies,’ through the largest Internet-based club in the industry. Yet despite this recent trend, there is a relative paucity of published academic research on the economics of such behaviour. Using data from the more than 220 nationally ranked (by U.S. News & World Report’s America’s Best Colleges) colleges and universities in the U.S., presents results from both Poisson and scaled Poisson estimation suggesting that large, high-cost universities that are located in larger cities or where unemployment rates are higher lead the nation in the number of female students choosing such romantic arrangements in order to fund higher education. Moreover, those institutions that are chosen by more physically attractive female students, and those that enrol a higher percentage of female students, are also generating greater numbers of female student entrants into the sugar daddy industry. Each of these findings has implications for the human capital literature and the growing body of academic literature on the economics of beauty.     

望谟县乐旺镇推动土地流转发展甘蔗生产的做法与启迪

贵州望谟县乐旺镇是国家级贫困县镇,地处乐旺河和乐宽河两岸河谷地带,降水季节常发生土地被洪水短期淹没2～3d,影响农业可持续发展。为了破解被淹土地提高经营效益问题,镇政府抓住灾后重建机遇,通过土地集中整治解决条块分割障碍,规范土地用途,并对原农民承包地进行补偿和保障蔬菜地。以种草养殖黑山羊和选择耐短期淹没作物甘蔗种植,将土地流转发包给种植大户进行经营。在2011—2013年三年中养羊和甘蔗种植新增总产值1 091万元,利润406.2万元,农民从土地流转中获利205万元,使种养承包人和农民都享受到土地增值的利益,实现了双方在土地流转增值中的双赢。     

中美白糖期货市场价格发现功能的比较研究——基于2006—2008年的时间序列数据

本文运用协整分析、Granger因果检验、误差修正模型、信息共享模型、方差分解模型和脉冲响应函数,对2006—2008年中美两国白糖期现货市场价格之间的长短期变动关系进行了计量分析与横向对比。研究发现,我国白糖期货市场价格发现功能已初步显现,但我国白糖期货市场中期货价格对现货价格的引导作用与美国的成熟市场还存在较大差距,我国白糖期货市场价格发现功能的发挥水平还有待提高。     

铁路建设对县域经济影响的研究——以洛湛铁路建设对益阳经济的预期影响为例

随着工业化和交通运输的快速发展，交通运输对区域经济的影响日渐强烈，其中铁路运输对区域经济的影响更为突出。洛湛铁路建设和运营对益阳经济会产生巨大的影响，本文以点轴开发理论为基石，系统分析了洛湛铁路的吸引范围和客货流、益阳地区的资源状况和现有经济发展水平以及未来洛湛铁路对资源开发利用的影响，探讨了益阳的产业结构和空间发展战略的响应程度，以改善益阳产业组织和布局结构、提高资源开发利用水平，促进其区域经济快速发展。     

A research on the evolvement of industrial structure and economic growth of He'nan Province, China

This paper,based on the investigation of the statisties in the years of 1980-2005,using Shift-Share Method model,studies systematically the relation between the evolution of industrial structure and regional economic growth in five economic regions in He'nan to offer the foundation of policy for optimizing the industrial structure and promoting regional economic development in phase,and thereby comes to the conclusions:(1) the industrial structure level of He'nan,in comparison with the evolution of the industrial structure across the country,remains low,but yet the evolutional tendency of industrial structure in He'nan complies with the Clark law of the industrial structure evolution,(2)thespatial difference of He'nan industrial structure evolution is comparatively large,(3)the evolution of industrialstructure in He'nan that influences economic growth can be categorized into three types:in eastern and southern regions.the shift-share of the industrial structure is negative,and the shift-share model of competitiveness is negative:in western and central regions,the shift-share of the industrial structure is positive,and the shift-share model of competitiveness is positive;in northern regions,the shift-share of the industrial structure is positive,and the shift-share model of competitiveness is negative;(4) the evolution of industrial structure influences greatly the development of the regional economy of He'nan.As the results of the researches shown,it can claim that the technological innovation of He'nan traditional industry with high-tech,the vast development of the tertiary industry,the expansion of He'nan overall level of industrial structure,the growth of deep-processing manufacturing of agricultural products,and the increase of He'nan agricultural products subsidiary value will be the strategic choices of the rearrangement of He'nan industrial structure.     

青藏高原自然保护地与乡村社区共生模式研究——以孟达国家级自然保护区为例

通过对青藏高原自然保护地建设问题的分析,认为保护地与乡村社区二者关系的研究是保护地建设的关键。根据对保护地与乡村社区关系的回顾,认为从空间营造的角度探讨保护地与乡村社区共生模式是解决青藏高原保护地建设的重要途径之一。以孟达国家级自然保护区为例,分析保护区与乡村社区共生关系的形成、演变机制,提出保护区与乡村社区共生界面——小流域是问题研究的重点。分析共生界面的特征,提出3种尺度的营造策略——小流域景观规划、乡村聚落重构与绿色建筑营造。流域尺度强调上游河源区的生态保护,中游河谷的生态保育和下游河口区的生态修复;聚落尺度提出将社区作为景观资源与旅游设施的重构策略;院落尺度利用绿色建筑技术营造新型民居,实现重构聚落的核心内容和小流域景观规划的重点环节,回应保护区资源环境保护与社区发展之间的矛盾关系,促进保护区与社区共生模式的形成。     

双创政策促进经济增长的机理分析

大众创业、万众创新作为经济发展的双引擎，是经济高质量发展的动力之源，双创政策对双创发展起到重要的助推作用。目前我国双创政策的落实存在政策知晓率不高、政策覆盖率不广、知识产权保护力度不够、创业投融资体系有待完善和缺乏资金及人才等问题，阻碍了经济新增长点的培育和发展。通过开展双创政策对经济增长影响分析的文献研究，提出双创政策影响经济增长的研究假设，构建双创政策对经济增长影响的机理模型，基于结构方程进行实证分析。研究发现，双创政策对经济增长有显著的直接影响，同时双创主体对经济增长的间接影响也较显著，双创环境对经济增长的影响不显著。最后，提出完善双创政策体系、推动经济增长的对策建议。     

董事会社会资本与公司成长性分析

董事会社会资本对公司成长性的影响机制问题日益成为公司治理中广泛关注的焦点和难点.本文从上市公司董事会社会资本角度,把董事会社会资本细分为:董事会社会行业资本、社会连锁资本和社会政治资本,并运用2009年通讯业上市企业的截面数据,通过多元线性回归分析实证检验了上市公司董事会社会资本对公司成长性的影响.研究结果表明,上市公司董事会社会资本对公司成长性具有显著正向影响.具体而言,社会行业资本对公司成长性具有正向显著影响;社会连锁资本对公司成长性具有显著正向影响;社会政治资本对公司成长性没有显著影响.研究结果通过进行稳定性检验,检验结果基本一致.该研究对进一步揭示董事会社会资本功能的优化配置以及企业成长性的促进提供了借鉴与参考.     

How Society Makes Itself: The Evolution of Political and Economic Institutions

This paper explores the origins and evolution of the concept of the disutility of work. The original formulation of this concept developed by Stanley Jevons and by Alfred Marshall recognizes the variability of work motives stressing the effects of both the quantity and quality of work on labor supply. Subsequent writers, notably Lionel Robbins, and later Gary Becker, focus on the opportunity cost of work time, to the neglect of the content of work. These writers lose sight of the influence of the nature of work on the supply of labor. Contemporary research on the economics of labor supply, while accepting the presence of agency problems surrounding the enforcement of the labor contract, continues to consign the determinants of work motives to a black box. The new emphasis on the problem of “shirking” by workers, in particular, offers an unbalanced treatment of the causes and consequences of work resistance.     

特色农业产业化发展水平评价体系构建及应用

通过构建新疆特色农业产业化发展水平综合评价指标体系,基于 2010—2017 年间新疆各城市特色农业发展情况的有 关面板数据,进行多层次因子分析,探究新疆特色农业产业化发展现状以及存在的问题,为新疆形成特色农产品优势特区域、 实现特色农产品产业化生产提供理论参考。研究结果表明,2010—2017 年间,新疆区域特色农业产业化水平整体上呈上升趋 势,其中生产基础条件水平不断上升,人均规模化水平发展平稳,市场化水平明显下降,产出绩效水平波动较大。本文的政策 启示是,充分考虑新疆的实际情况,加大农业生产科研投入,稳定特色农作物的产量,同时根据市场需求积极推动供给侧改革, 从而将独特农业资源转化为竞争优势。     

科技项目资助对论文产出绩效的作用效率测度研究

以人工智能领域论文和学者为研究对象,探讨科技项目资助对论文产出绩效的作用效率。运用负二项回归分析不同国家、领域资助种类、强度对论文引用和载文期刊水平的影响,结果发现,各项资助指标均可提升论文质量,但在不同地域和研究方向上的作用效果有所差异。运用倾向得分分层和线性回归,从发文、被引量和h指数角度测度资助对学者产出绩效提升的有效性,结果发现,资助能够显著提升学者产出力和影响力。通过Tobit回归测度资助项目数量和金额对不同年龄群体学者发文、被引量与变化率等指标的影响,结果发现,资助项目数量增加可整体提升学者产出绩效,资助金额增加更能扩大产出力和影响力的动态提升幅度。据此,提出资助改进策略和评审机制优化等相关建议。     

全球渔业治理之关键问题分析

最近20年来,由于普遍认识到全球各地鱼类种群的利用程度已经或正逐渐超过其最优利用水平,以及各国渔业普遍面临经济和社会危机,渔业治理问题逐渐受到普遍关注。本文在阐述全球渔业治理现状的基础上,对全球渔业治理现有架构中的缺陷进行了深入分析,提出渔业治理的改进关键在于是否能够确立一个长期稳定的治理范围和构筑一个灵活高效的治理结构。