Intra-Industry Trade: A Static and Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

This study examines the features and determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT), horizontal IIT (HIIT) and vertical IIT (VIIT) between Portugal and the European Union in the period 1996–2002, using a static and a dynamic panel data analysis. The findings indicate that Portuguese VIIT increased significantly during the period in accordance with the values expected for a developed country. The regression results show that there is evidence supporting the explanation of VIIT by Heckscher–Ohlin’s (HO) theory and that Portugal has comparative advantages in low-quality differentiated products. The findings support the theory that, in general, there is no positive statistical association between HIIT and HO variables. The central theme of this paper is to show that it may be preferable to use the GMM approach in empirical studies of IIT rather than pooled OLS, fixed effects or random effects estimators. The results also suggest that the GMM system estimator obtains more reasonable parameter estimates than the first-differenced GMM estimator.

A Study of Consumer Behavior Using Laboratory Data

This paper reports the results of an experiment in which subjects had to buy real products in 5 different budget/price situations. Subjects were randomly drawn from the population of a medium-sized French city, and some of their socio-economic characteristics were recorded. We check the consistency of product choices with the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preferences (GARP), and find that 29% of the subjects are GARP-inconsistent. This inconsistency rate is slightly lower than the ones found in comparable studies. A possible explanation for our lower rate of GARP violations might be that the subjects in our study were confronted with less budget/price situations. In looking for determinants of the GARP violations, we find that gender, the size of the household, the degree of switching between different products, and the times spent on performing experimental tasks have significant impacts on the probability of GARP-inconsistency.     

Political Economies Analysis on Trade Protection Aets--A Test Using Panel Data

在比较分析斯蒂格勒和希尔曼两个关于贸易保护的政治经济模型的基础上,利用14个国家1948—1993年间的数据对贸易保护行为进行了实证检验。结论显示进口价格对贸易保护程度有负向影响,国内价格和失业率则有正向影响,随着经济发展水平的提高贸易保护程度会逐步下降。建议出口企业在增加进口国公关活动的同时,应提高行业组织水平,以更加理性的价格出口。     

A Parametric Estimation of Bank Efficiencies Using a Flexible Profit Function with Panel Data

This paper generalises Kumbhakar's (1996a) single product shadow profit function to a multiproduct one, which in contrast to Berger, Hancock, and Humphrey (1993) is consistent with a firm's profit maximising behaviour. By estimating a parametric translog profit function, which does not require special assumptions about the error distribution, and using panel data from Taiwan's banking industry, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) Parameter estimates from the translog functional form are more robust than those from the Fuss (non-logarithmic) form. (ii) More than half of all potential variable profits are found to be lost due to inefficiencies. (iii) Greater reduction in profit results from deficient output revenues than from a suboptimal input mix. (iv) The model finds technical progress during the sample period. (v) A type of 'weakly' optimal scope economies is detected, which suggests that the joint production of the two products can increase profits for some banks while not hurting the profits of others.     

Investment Under Monetary Uncertainty: A Panel Data Investigation

There is a presumption in the literature that price or exchange rate uncertainty, or uncertainty in the monetary conditions underlying them, will have a negative effect on investment. Some argue that this negative effect will be extended by imperfect competition. However, models of irreversible investment show that the situation is more complicated than that. In these models, investment expenditures are affected by the scrapping price available on world markets and also by the opportunity cost of waiting rather than investing. The impact of uncertainty is therefore going to depend on the type of industry and hence on the industrial structure of the economy concerned. In addition, it may depend on the persistence of any price misalignments away from competitive equilibrium. In this paper, we put these theoretical predictions to the test. We estimate investment equations for 13 different industries using data for nine OECD countries over the period 1970–2000. We find that the impact of price uncertainty is negative or insignificant in all but one case whereas the impact of (nominal) exchange rate uncertainty is negative in only six cases, positive in four cases, and insignificant in three others. In addition, there are conflicting effects from the real exchange rate. The net effect depends on whether the source of the uncertainty is in domestic markets or in foreign markets.     

生产性服务业集聚效应对我国城市化进程的影响研究——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

采用实证研究方法,重点分析生产服务业的集聚效应对我国城市化发展的影响.结论显示,我国生产性服务业的专业化发展对现阶段城市化进程起到了显著的促进作用,而生产性服务业的竞争与多样性则均对城市化进程具有不利影响;对部分进入工业化后期的城市而言,生产性服务业专业化的作用相对减弱,而竞争对城市化进程的影响增强.     

Analysis of Bilateral Trade Patterns With Panel Data

Bilateral trade flows are examined to investigate whether trade patterns are consistent with a simple model of trade in differentiated products. In contrast to previous results in the literature, it is shown that the simple model of trade in differentiated products is often not appropriate for trade among the poor nations. Demand differences among the poor countries are shown to be at least a partial explanation for the deviations from the theoretical predictions.     

集聚、扩散与FDI空间演化——基于中国省级数据的研究

本文采用空间计量学的方法,在描述我国FDI空间演化轨迹的基础上,建立了一个FDI地区分布决定因素的空间模型,运用1987-2007年的面板数据,分析我国FDI空间演化的规律。计量结果发现,集聚效应对于吸引我国FDI有着很大程度的影响,相邻省份之间的空间溢出效应促使FDI更多的是由核心省份向周边省份扩散。并根据结论提出了引导FDI空间的合理转移,缩小地区差距的政策建议。     

The Social Connectedness and Life Satisfaction Nexus: A Panel Data Analysis of Women in Australia

This study explores the interplay between time pressures at home and at work, social connectedness, and well-being as reported by Australian women. Specifically, taking advantage of longitudinal data (from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey for the years 2001 to 2013) and employing the newly developed “blow up and cluster” estimation technique, this study finds there has been a marginal decline in the life satisfaction of Australian women. After accounting for changes in sociodemographic characteristics, a more pervasive negative trend in life satisfaction appears to be reported by both men and women, and both genders report higher levels of life satisfaction for greater levels of almost all measures of social connectedness. This study adds to a growing body of evidence pointing toward the importance of frequent and meaningful social connections to societal well-being, as well as the need to refocus attention on well-being in public-policy spheres.     

Is Pricing to Market Behavior a Long-Run Phenomenon? A Non-Stationary Panel Analysis

This paper examines how the Swedish imports prices react to exchange ratechanges in the long run. It finds, through non-stationary panel analysis, thatthe Swedish import prices (for the majority of industries) change but not inproportion to exchange rate changes. The evidence from panel cointegrationalso shows that pricing behavior of the Swedish imports varies across industriesand such variations could be related to industry-specific characteristics.     

经济分权模式下地方政府赶超与劳动收入占比——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

文章首先分析了地方政府由竞争而采取的赶超行为对劳动收入占比的影响。在中国特殊的经济分权模式下,这种赶超行为一方面加深了产品市场和要素市场的不完全竞争程度;另一方面由于地方政府没有充分利用资源禀赋的比较优势,而是优先发展重化工等资本密集型产业,从而导致了过快的资本深化。文章然后提出了理论假说,最后运用省际面板数据实证分析了地方政府赶超行为对劳动收入占比的影响。结果表明,地方政府的赶超行为显著降低了劳动报酬份额;另外,文章还发现人力资本存量也与劳动收入占比显著负相关。     

Economic Causes of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: A Panel Data Analysis for the 2000s

We use under-explored municipality level datasets to assess the recent economic and policy determinants of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. We estimate yearly panel data models (from 2002 to 2009) for 663 municipalities in the region. The results show that recent deforestation is increasing with economic activity and is also affected by economic incentives, measured by fluctuations in agricultural product and wood prices. Moreover, we document that the increasing enforcement efforts of the Brazilian environmental police (IBAMA) were effective in reducing deforestation rates.     

经济发展与环境污染空间面板数据分析

本文试图揭示中国经济发展与环境污染之间的空间扩散关系。根据Stem(2002)的模型,以SO2排放量来表征环境污染水平,利用MATLAB软件对2000-2010年间中国30个省、直辖市及自治区(西藏由于数据不全)的PANEL DATA进行面板回归分析,回归结果表明:SO2污染物质的排放与经济发展存在空间自相关,经济规模扩大、工业产业比重提高和贸易顺差会加剧我国环境污染,生产技术创新会降低我国环境污染,并估算了这四个要素对环境质量影响的各自实际贡献率。这一实证结果对于完善我国节能减排长效机制和制定相关环境保护政策、促进经济可持续发展战略具有重要的指导意义。     

Sustainable Power Generation in Europe: A Panel Data Analysis of the Effects of Market and Environmental Regulations

Environmental and Resource Economics - Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions have become increasingly more pressing environmental concerns in European policy agenda. Environmental energy...     

电能消费与人文发展水平之间的关联分析——基于50个国家面板数据的实证研究

利用面板数据模型分析50个国家电能消费与5个人文发展指标之间的变化特点及规律.结果表明:①国家的收入水平越高,电能消费量越大,人文发展水平也越高,4个收入水平分组国家的差异明显;②随着收入的增加,单位电能消费对增加人均GDP和人均居民消费支出的贡献在增强,而对提高城市化率、人口的预期寿命和成人识字率的贡献则呈减弱趋势;③为促进人文发展必需加快电力建设,改善低收入居民对电力的可获得性.     

基于空间面板模型的我国区域碳排放分析

运用空间面板模型对我国省域碳排放分别从全国层面及东、中、西三大区域层面进行空间计量分析。分析结果表明:总体而言,全国省域碳排放存在显著的空间正自相关性,各省份碳排放对相邻省分的碳排放具有溢出效应;区域层面上,我国东、西部省域碳排放存在正向的空间相关性,而中部地区存在负向的空间相关性;人均GDP、人口规模、能源强度对我国三大区域碳排放均存在显著的正向影响,但影响强度有所不同;产业结构对东部地区碳排放有显著影响,但对中、西部地区影响不显著;能源消费结构对中、西部地区碳排放有显著影响,但对东部地区影响不显著。     

Aspects of Governance and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$Emissions: A Non-linear Panel Data Analysis

The reduction of \(\hbox {CO}_2\)emissions has been at the centre of worldwide debates on environmental issues, though its inclusion as one of the millennium development goals (MDGs) by the United Nations has changed the focus of relative literature. Among many, one of the World Bank’s “recipes” to achieve a higher position toward MDGs has been to undertake reforms for a better governance. While, the majority of researches’ focus has been on one single aspect and its relationship with the environment, some studies, have simultaneously considered two governance dimensions. In this paper, we focus on the role of several aspects of governance on \(\hbox {CO}_2\)emissions. This provides us with a chance to explore the possible impacts of all aspects of governance on a more direct measure of emissions, that is different to previous researches which have focused on the indirect transmission and considered the maximum of two. Using the IV method within panel data analysis, we show that only one single aspect of governance, Control of Corruption, has a negative significant effect on \(\hbox {CO}_2\)emissions and its effect has a non-linear relationship. The non-linearity exists in both parametric and nonparametric analysis after controlling for endogeneity.     

税收分权与经济增长——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

通过建立面板数据计量模型,利用1999-2008年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的数据(不含西藏和港澳台地区),对税收分权与经济增长之间的关系进行实证分析。结果显示:在中国式财政分权体制下,无论是从全国还是从分区域看,提高税收分权度对经济增长均具有消极作用。其原因并不是税收分权本身对经济增长有消极作用,而是不合理的税收分权制度安排,抵消了分权带来的激励效果。因此,要提高税收分权对经济增长的激励效果,就必须理顺中央与地方间的税权关系,赋予地方一定的税收立法权;理顺中央和地方间的事权关系,明晰各级政府的税权范围;理顺税费关系,规范制度外收入渠道,完善政府间财政转移支付制度。     

基于省际数据的我国能源利用效率有效性评价

各地区经济发展水平和增长方式不同,能源利用的效率也存在差异.能源利用效率的改善对于地区经济增长和人民生活水平的提高具有重要意义.文章利用数据分析法(DEA)规模可变模型在个体差异、相对效益评价上的优势,对我国30个省市区能源利用效率有效性进行评价,以期为能源利用效率的提高提供参考.