汇率的均值回归模型及应用

汇率涉及庞大数量的商品、投资和服务的国际交换,在各国经济中发挥着举足轻重的作用.由于近年来国际政治局势紧张,经济波动幅度较大,为了获取充足的样本量,文章采用2009-2016年美元与欧元的每日汇率用以构建Vasicek模型,根据估计分析所得的参数估计量寻求利润最优的汇率套利区间.文章分为两个部分进行探讨:第一部分是通过回归分析发现汇率波动服从均值回归趋势;第二部分是基于汇率变动服从均值回归的基础上确定汇率套利区间.同时,借助于最优套利区间的存在得出政策启示,即货币当局在维持外部经济稳定方面应谨慎使用外汇市场干预措施,同时应聚焦外汇市场中投机者情绪并建立汇率稳定与协调机制,减少因情绪剧烈波动从而对政治和经济造成的冲击.     

Exchange Rate Determination: An Application of a Monetary Model for Brazil

The goal of this paper is to test a variant of the monetary exchange rate determination model, described by Obstfeld and Rogoff (1996), for the Brazilian economy in the recent period. The model starts with the Cagan (The Journal of Political Economy, 66(4):303–328, 1958) money demand, which is complemented by the hypotheses of purchase power parity (PPP) and uncovered interest parity (UIP). We used monthly data of exchange rate, GDP, interest rate for Brazil, and U.S. interest rate and inflation as proxies for international variables. We applied cointegration tests to identify a long run relationship among the variables. The estimated error correction model offers an exchange rate determination model in the short run. Due to potential endogeneity of some variables, GMM was applied to estimate a long-run model of exchange rate determination. The forecasting results of both estimatives were compared with a random walk approach. The results point to the existence of a long and short run equilibrium Real/dollar exchange rate using the structural model, which may be the achievement of this paper.     

An Analysis of Recent Changes in the Australian Exchange Rate: Nominal and Real

Recent movements in the Trade Weighted Indexes (MI) of Australia's nominal and real exchange rates are documented. The volatility of the nominal rate in the pre-float and post-float periods is examined. Decompositions are made of the most recent depreciations of the Twls into compenents due to depreciations against the United States dollar ($US) and other major currencies. The extent to which the recent changes can be understood as necessary to correct misalignment in the Australian balance of payments is investigated.     

“汇改”后人民币汇率制度分析

自2005年7月21日人民币汇率形成机制进行重大改革以来,人民币对美元的基准汇率一直处于单边升值的态势.从宏观经济特征和模型实证分析中可以得出,虽然"汇改"后人民币货币篮子发挥了一定的作用,人民币汇率的灵活性在逐渐增强,但主要还是参考美元汇率来进行调节,属于"软钉住美元的汇率制度".     

Non-Traded Goods and Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations: A Structural VAR Analysis

Real exchange rate variance decompositions indicate that only a small fraction of real exchange rate movements can be attributed to changes in the relative price between traded and non-traded goods. This paper argues that those exercises, by ignoring the nature of the shocks behind real exchange rate changes, may be inadequate to measure the relative importance of non-traded goods prices. Instead, it proposes using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model to study the effects of shocks to the relative supply and relative demand for non-traded goods on the real exchange rate. The SVAR model is identified via long-run restrictions and is estimated for a group of advanced economies. The results indicate that for some countries, relative supply shocks can be a significant source of real exchange rate fluctuations.     

Exchange Rate Pass-through: How Much do Exchange Rate Changes Affect the Prices of Australian Exports?

Australia is generally held to be a small open economy with a high proportion of commodity exports. It is therefore regarded as a 'price taker' in international markets, and pass-through on exports is expected to be zero. This paper uses the Johansen Multivariate Cointegration technique to estimate the pass-through of exchange rate changes to the destination-currency prices of aggregate Australian exports. The results demonstrate a stable long-run pass-through level of 60 per cent, which refutes the 'small-country' assumption of Australian exporters as price takers. These findings have important implications for Australia's terms of trade and current account deficit     

人民币汇率决定的简单模型及实证分析

在回顾了人民币汇率形成机制的演变历史之后,通过借鉴西方经济理论中的汇率决定模型,建立了在当前我国经济处于转型阶段的条件下,人民币汇率决定的简单模型。然后,通过实证分析,得出了影响人民币汇率的主要因素是进出口贸易、利率平价以及国外资本流入,并提出了相关的政策建议。     

影响人民币汇率变动长期因素的实证分析

随着中国经济的高速增长以及贸易顺差的逐年扩大,加之金融危机的余波尚未结束,人民币汇率问题成为世界关注的焦点。首先阐述了影响人民币汇率变动的长期因素,包括中国经济发展状况、国际收支及通货膨胀率,并分析了它们与汇率变动的关系。然后运用多元回归方法对这些影响因素与人民币汇率的相关性加以验证分析。     

Transmission of Nominal Exchange Rate Changes to Export Prices and Trade Flows and Implications for Exchange Rate Policy*

We discuss how the welfare ranking of fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes in a New Open Economy Macroeconomics model depends on the interplay between the degree of exchange rate pass‐through and the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods. We identify combinations of these two parameters for which flexible and fixed exchange rates are superior with respect to welfare as measured by a representative household's utility level. We estimate the two parameters for six non‐EMU European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, and the UK) using a heterogeneous dynamic panel approach.     

Exchange Rate Effects of Central Bank Interventions: An Analysis of Transaction Prices

The impact of sterilised interventions by the Swiss National Bank on the Swiss franc/U.S. dollar exchange rate is examined for the 1986–94 period. The paper extends results from earlier studies by using the actual prices of interventions. Based on the fact that all Swiss National Bank interventions are announced, our test exploits the informational differences between interventions and customer transactions. A key finding is that only initial interventions matter; customer transactions and subsequent interventions have no influence.     

Further Results on Bayesian Method of Moments Analysis of the Multiple Regression Model

In this article we extend previous BMOM results by showing how information about a variance parameter and its relation to regression coefficients produces a rich class of postdata densities for regression parameters. Prediction and model selection techniques are also described. We also discuss the well-documented link between cross-entropy and the average log odds and then use this criterion in an experiment to compare results obtained from BMOM and Bayes approaches using data generated from known models.     

Real Exchange Rate Variability: An Empirical Analysis of the Developing Countries Case

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential role of monetary and real factors in explaining real exchange rate variability in developing countries. For this purpose two indexes of real effective exchange rate variability that measure short-term and long-term variability were constructed for 30 countries. The results obtained, using a generalized least squares procedures on cross section data, indicate that real exchange rate variability has been affected both by real and monetary factors. In particular it was found that more unstable nominal exchange rate policies were reflected in higher real exchange rate instability in the short-run; more unstable domestic credit policies resulted in higher short-term real exchange rate variability; and more unstable external terms of trade also affected positively the degree of real exchange rate instability. [420]     

人民币实实际汇率失调程度与汇率形成机制完善分析

根据均衡实际汇率理论,长期人民币汇率水平是由基本经济要素决定的.任何人民币实际汇率的失调都会造成社会福利的损失.本文旨在通过实证分析其影响因素,来了解人民币实际汇率的失调程度.与此同时,还指出汇率弹性在人民币汇率政策改革中的重要影响,进而对人民币汇率形成机制的完善给出政策建议.     

Exchange Rate Pass‐through: The Role of Regime Changes

We consider the effect on the degree of exchange rate pass‐through of the exchange rate regime in operation. We test the hypothesis that pass‐through will be lower under a float as firms may be reluctant to pass appreciations or depreciations on to their customers when there is a strong chance that they will be subsequently reversed. Taylor’s hypothesis that pass‐through will be lower in a low‐inflation environment is also considered. Both hypotheses are assessed in relation to the price of manufactured imports into New Zealand and we find that, whereas the shift to a float dramatically lowered the degree of pass‐through, the later shift to a low‐inflation regime has no significant additional effect on the pass‐through relationship.     

人民币汇率制度渐进性转换路径的Logistic回归分析

目前浮动汇率制度转换的相关理论和实证分析相对匮乏.通过构建二元Logistic回归模型对样本国家的汇率制度转换进行实证研究,分析人民币汇率制度从固定盯住汇率制度退出的渐进性转换路径问题,可得出人民币汇率制度退出固定盯住汇率制度应先转向中间汇率制度的研究结论,从而为我国人民币汇率制度转换政策提供重要的理论和实证支持.     

An International Comparison of Employment Adjustment to Exchange Rate Fluctuations

This paper evaluates the response of employment to exchange rate shocks at the industry level for G-7 countries. Using an empirical framework that places little structure on the data, it is found that European industries, at least France and Germany, are much less influenced by exchange rate shocks and much slower to adjust to long-run steady states. The United States, Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy all appear to adjust more quickly. German and Japanese employment are quite insensitive to exchange rate fluctuations, consistent with previous research on output and markup responses to exchange rates.     

Real Exchange Rate and Real Interest Rate Differential: A Cointegration Approach with Structural Shifts

Journal of Quantitative Economics - Long term determinants of the movements in exchange rate have been an active interest area for both theoretical and empirical research. In this paper, we...