庄子问:多元化真的能为企业谋福祉么?

两千多年前的庄子用"庖丁解牛"的故事表达了他提倡的做事需要专心致志,要十年磨一剑经营自己技能的观点,而如今的企业管理界,仍然停留在多元化热潮中,众多企业多元化经营背后的动机是什么?多元化经营真的能为企业带来利益么?有价值的多元化到底依赖于企业的哪些固有因素呢?怎样的多元化才是最可能成功的多元化?本文在理论分析的基础上,结合管理实践,对以上问题做出解答,以便对企业的多元化经营提供指导建议。     

企业多元化经营动机的分析

本文通过分析企业选择多元化经营战略的动机,总结出企业进行多元化经营的动机主要有以下四条,包括:企业的生存、企业规避风险、企业的发展、企业多点竞争的要求.     

美国企业多元化经营动因的归核化因素

自上个世纪20年代以来,以美国为代表的发达国家的企业多元化经营,经历了从起步到高潮,再到退潮——归核化的发展过程。国际学术界从多方面对企业多元化经营进行了卓有成效的研究,但在企业多元化动机的理论解释方面还存在一定的局限性。本文在借鉴这些研究成果的同时,将对企业实施多元化的动机及其向归核化发展的原因进行分析,探讨其经济学、管理学方面的理论依据。     

基于委托代理理论的企业多元化经营战略研究

企业多元化经营一直是学术界研究的热点,对于企业多元化经营的动因,众多学者都进行了研究,并得出了不同的理论成果。委托代理理论是多元化经营动因的理论之一,本文将以委托代理理论为出发点,从管理者角度探讨企业进行多元化经营的深层动机,并从所有者角度探讨该理论视角下企业多元经营的弊端,即代理成本问题,最后从企业所有者角度探索如何有效建立一套代理人管理机制,保证企业多元化经营的高效进行。     

企业非相关多元化经营战略的动因分析

本文探讨了非相关多元化战略的含义及特征,并分析了我国企业在发展过程中存在的非相关多元化经营偏好和倾向,以及企业实施非相关多元化战略根本动机是追逐经济租金。     

烟草配送企业多元化经营探讨

多元化经营战略,是指企业同时投资经营两种以上基本用途不同的产品或劳务的一种发展战略。进行多元化投资的主要动机是寻求新的利润增长点,但更重要的一面是为了减少企业收益水平的波动,使企业稳步向前发展。烟草配送企业多元化经营,就是烟草配送企业为发挥企业优势,充分利用企业综合资源,提高资产经营效益,扩大生产经营了领域和市场范围,从事与烟草配送主业相关或非相关的跨行业生产经营各种产品或服务,以保持烟草配送企业长期稳定的发展。     

我国家电企业多元化经营的动机及风险分析

尽管多元化战略的效果受到质疑,但是我国依然有越来越多的企业走上多元化的道路。本文结合国外学者对于企业选择多元化动机的研究理论,具体分析了我国家电企业热衷于多元化经营的动因,并对其中所潜在的风险进行了分析。     

旅游上市公司多元化经营现象初探

近几年,我国旅游上市公司普遍存在着多元化经营的现象,不仅经营范围越来越广,其非主营业务的盈利在企业营业利润中所占比重也越来越大。旅游上市公司纷纷放弃旅游行业的专业化发展,选择多元化战略,这一现象背后的原因值得研究。本文结合多元化经营的相关理论,通过对旅游上市公司选择多元化经营的原因及现状的分析,为旅游上市公司顺利开展多元化经营探寻较为合理的路径。     

企业多元化战略问题研究

多元化战略近年来在国内颇为流行,企业为了加快扩张速度,长期稳定经营,降低经营风险或者获得更高利润,在多个相关或者不相关的领域进行投资。当今时代的多元化战略跨度极大,随着主权投资基金的横空出世,动机和诱因更为复杂。然而任何理论都有其适用条件,多元化经营战略的实行,既有助力企业更快、更强发展的一面,时机或者战略把握不当的时候,也会给企业造成极大的损伤,甚至陷入万劫不复之地。因此,分析企业实施多元化战略的条件、确定时机就成为重点的重点。     

企业多元化经营研究

企业多元化经营有大量成功的先例,却又不乏失败的教训。本文讨论、分析企业多元化经营的动因及风险所在,对企业是否选择多元化经营,实行何种类型的多元化经营提出指导和建议。     

回顾 研判 部署 谱写黑龙江省商务事业新篇章——开拓进取 求实创新 推动商务工作更好更快发展

2011年——"十二五"开局之年,黑龙江省商务事业实现了开门红,成绩斐然。2012年是实施"十二五"规划承上启下的关键一年、是加速发展的一年。2012年,国际环境错综复杂,世界经济增长动力明显减弱;国内经济总体运行态势向好,工业化、信息化、市场化、城镇化、国际化深入发展,区域梯次发展格局正在形成,消费需求增长空间很大;商务领域成本推动价格上涨压力依然存在,自然灾害、市场调控手段和流通设施相对薄弱问题依然突出,扩大消费面临的制约因素仍然较多。基于上述研判,黑龙江省商务事业唯有开拓进取、求实创新、方能实现更好更快发展,谱写新的篇章,方能以商务事业的新跨越推动全省经济社会的大发展。     

Factors Associated with Opinion Seeking

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between opinion seeking and cultural values and individual characteristics in the context of electronic products by surveying cosmopolitan adults of 15 nationalities, namely, American, Australian, British, Dutch, Filipino, German, Hong Konger, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Malaysian, New Zealander, Singaporean, Swedish, and Thai. It finds (i) positive correlation between opinion seeking and power distance, category knowledge, category purchase intention, category innovativeness, opinion giving, market maven, brand loyalty, and susceptibility to interpersonal influence, (ii) negative correlation between opinion seeking and the masculinity and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions, category ownership, self-esteem, education, and age, and (iii) no correlation between opinion seeking and individualism, long-term orientation, and risk taking. It then discusses the managerial implications of the findings.     

新时代我国残疾人社会融合问题研究

社会不同群体间的相互融合是一个复杂的动态过程,要促进残疾人更好地融入社会、实现自我价值,需要充分理解残疾人社会融合的理论界定与实践经验,以此为基础完善新时代残疾人社会融合多领域综合保障机制体系,推动残疾人平等参与和全面融合。通过梳理和分析新时代我国残疾人社会融合的思想渊源,对国内外残疾人社会融合现状、理念、实践进行总结,分析得出应该秉持平等原则、倾斜保障原则、充分融合原则来推进新时代我国残疾人社会融合,并且通过加强制度设计,完善制度框架,构建友好环境,健全设施建设,注重社会引导,实现良性互动,完善社会保障,促进自我认同,推动教育融合,构建全纳教育等方式,将我国残疾人社会融合体制机制建立起来,为我国残疾人对美好生活的向往凝心聚力,彰显大国担当,推动相关研究向世界一流水平迈进。     

中国银行业信息化问题探讨

中国金融业和银行业的发展举世瞩目。中国银行业的信息化之路走过了20年,实现了信息大集中、运营集约化、管理现代化和服务电子化。随着全球经济一体化、金融一体化的深入推进,中国的商业银行必须从银行信息化走向信息化银行,即在银行信息化的基础上真正实现融汇、贯通,促使银行业经营管理产生根本变化。具体说来,就是要集中、整合、共享、挖掘。一要转变为规模化、标准化的作业模式,实现业务集中处理,最终达到经营管理的全面集中和集约,使银行在业务量快速增长、业务复杂性大幅提高的情况下,依然保证业务运营的高质量、高效率,有效降低生产运营成本,控制经营风险;二要按照统一的信息技术架构将银行内部各管理系统全部整合到一个系统管理平台,实现各系统互联互通;三要突破信息传导和查控的限制,提高可用性和易用性;四要对银行或者企业非常需要的管理信息、客户信息、产品信息等进行收集、储存和处理,进行挖掘和归纳性梳理,充分利用有价值的信息,帮助管理者判断市场,发现价格,评估风险,配置资源,提供决策支持。中国银行业应在全球银行业剧变之时,为银行信息化建设走出一条新路。     

巩固江苏外贸强省地位,探讨外贸发展新趋势

在面对人民币持续升值和利率调整,发达国家和地区的经济增长速度有所下降,外贸税收政策的调整的新形势下,江苏省要保持住外贸强省地位,政府部门必须采取积极措施,迅速把握国际市场供求信息,优化出口结构,加强对出口商品价格、数量的动态监测,引导企业增强综合竞争力,提高出口的质量和效益;增加能源、资源类产品进口,以抵消人民币汇率和利率变动对企业生产的不利影响,不断提高企业应对贸易摩擦的能力,进而达到江苏对外贸易持续健康发展的目的。     

当前我国流通领域十个重大理论与实践问题

当前内贸管理工作实践中存在十个方面的重大理论与实践问题,一是流通的地位与作用问题,二是内外贸的关系问题,三是内外资的关系问题,四是大型企业与中小企业的关系问题,五是零供关系问题,六是零售企业的营销模式问题,七是批发体系的重构问题,八是电子商务是否会孕育一场新的商业革命,九是物流的专业化与社会化问题,十是商业物流企业涉足金融问题.这十个困扰各级流通主管部门的实际问题,直接关系着流通业发展的走向,有待于进一步深入研究和破解.     

How can I Be as attractive as a Fitness YouTuber in the era of COVID-19? The impact of digital attributes on flow experience,satisfaction, and behavioral intention

In the past decade, the social media platform has dramatically changed individuals’ daily activities in real life and on the Internet, including shopping, socialization, entertainment, study, and even health and fitness. In the era of COVID-19, particularly, consumers tend to rely more on digital attributes of social media platforms for their decision-making process by reducing the physical touchpoint. Responding to this ongoing trend, this study investigates how fitness YouTube channel attributes and fitness YouTuber attributes influence flow experience, satisfaction, and behavioral intention of YouTubers who work out at home via a fitness YouTube channel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the social media literature and the cognitive appraisal theory, this research formulates a research model that specifies the influence of three dimensions of fitness YouTube channel attributes (i.e., social interaction, information quality, and visual content) and three dimensions of fitness YouTuber attributes (i.e., social attractiveness, physical attractiveness, and attitude homophily) on flow experience, YouTube channel satisfaction, and behavioral intention in the context of YouTube. This study recruited participants in the United States who currently work out via a fitness YouTube channel through three waves of data collection during the COVID-19 era. The empirical results revealed that flow experience was significantly affected by information quality, visual content, and physical attractiveness. Also, YouTube channel satisfaction was significantly affected by social interaction, information quality, and visual content. Lastly, behavioral intention was significantly affected by flow experience and YouTube channel satisfaction. Based on the findings, this study proposes meaningful implications for the extant literature and social media industry during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Striking a Balance Between Rules and Principles-based Approaches for Effective Governance: A Risks-based Approach

Several recent studies and initiatives have emphasized the importance of a strong ethical organizational DNA (ODNA) to create and promote an effective corporate governance culture of trust, integrity and intellectual honesty. This paper highlights the drawbacks of an excessively heavy reliance on rules-based approaches that increase the cost of doing business, overshadow essential elements of good corporate governance, create a culture of dependency, and can result in legal absolutism. The paper makes the case that the way forward for effective corporate governance is to strike an optimal balance between rules-based and principles-based approaches. The recent corporate scandals have demonstrated that the ethical ODNA is critical to the driving force and basis of legal and regulatory requirements. Effective governance means adhering to ethical principles, not merely complying with rules, and is a crucial guardian of a firm’s reputation and integrity. It is through an effective corporate governance program (that is, one that optimally captures and integrates the appropriate aspects of rules-based and principles-based approaches, and identifies and assesses the related risks) that an organization can reconfigure its ODNA for improved performance. Focusing on the ethical ODNA as the basis of new governance measures provides an opportunity to develop a competitive advantage as it represents a potential source of differentiation, strengthens the relationship with all stakeholders of the organization by building a culture of trust and integrity, and re-instills investor confidence. This paper employs dialectical reasoning that links the ODNA through principles-driven rules in developing a risks-based approach. A comparison from a risk assessment perspective between rules-based and principles-based approaches is presented. Although there have been few applications employing dialectical reasoning in business research, this methodology can be extremely useful in isolating ethical issues and integrating them into the business process. The risks-based approach captures the benefits of both rules-based and principles-based approaches, and incorporates trust-based principles such␣as solidarity, subsidiarity and covenantal relationships.Sundera Arjoon is a Senior Lecturer in Ethics at the Department of Management Studies, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad, He has served as Head of Department (2002–2005) and as Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences (1996–2002). His publications have appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Markets and Morality, Global Development Studies, Social and Economic Studies, Applied Financial Economics, and the Journal of Eastern Carribean Studies. His current teaching and research interests include ethical decision-making, corporate governance, virtue ethics and familial ethics.     

From Brighton beach to blogs: exploring food-related nostalgia in the Russian diaspora

This research presents a qualitative exploration of food-related nostalgia experienced by individuals from Russia and the former Soviet Union in the context of diasporic waves. By varying time and space dimensions associated with nostalgia, the analysis is conceptualized around three “locations”: (1) Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States, (2) Brighton Beach, New York, and (3) cyberspace. Weblogs, demonstrated here to be objects of inquiry, are analyzed according to their nostalgia content, social connections, and community interaction. Nostalgic evocation through traditional cuisine is evident in all three settings. Personal, interpersonal, and cultural nostalgia are apparent in web content, demonstrating a technological role in the creation, sharing, and dissemination of nostalgia. Implications of the study relate to the sociology of food and interdisciplinary food studies, culinary tourism, online and offline marketing, and product distribution into ethnic and international markets.     

An emotional economy of mundane objects

This article illuminates the affective potentialities of objects. We examine the circulation of Kurdish music cassettes in Turkey during the restrictive and strife-laden period of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. We find that the practices comprising circulation – recording, hiding, playing, and exchanging cassettes – constituted tactical resistance and generated communal imaginaries. We illuminate the “emotional economy” that is animated by a mundane object: the cassette, through its circulation, becomes saturated with emotions, establishes shared emotional repertoires, and habituates individuals and collectives into common emotional dispositions. Cassettes thus play a part in shaping and reinforcing an emotional habitus that accompanies the emergence of a sense of “us,” the delineation of the “other,” and the relationship between the two. We thus demonstrate the entwinement of materiality and emotions, and examine how this entwinement generates emotional structures that shape and perpetuate the imagining of community as well as the enactment of resistance.