THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURE IN A EUROPEAN ECONOMIC UNION

A revaluation of the German Mark has been hindered by the effects that this would have on German farm prices, given the E.E.C. agricultural policy. The article therefore examines the implications of (a) a common agricultural price level, and (b) fixed or adjustable exchange rates within a customs union such as the E.E.C. It concludes that a change in relative price levels between countries couldbe tackled by means of exchange rate changes, while retaining a common agricultural price level; but even with adjustable exchange rates, a common price level may give rise to diBculties unless agricultural productivity in the member countries grows in a particular way. It finally suggests that a wider European economic union would require niorejexible arrangements than those at present in force in the E. E.C.     

论欧盟水产品市场共同组织的功能

本文研究了欧盟水产品市场共同组织的功能,评价了其组织在保护和合理利用资源、发展和调节渔业生产、建立生产和市场的平衡、发展水产加工业等方面所起的作用.     

PRICE TRANSMISSION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM YELLOW FATS MARKET IN THE PRESENCE OF IMPERFECT COMPETITION

The yellow fats sector comprises butter, margarine and a number of newer dairy-and low-fat spreads. In analysing the transmission of policy prices (e.g. the intervention price of butter) in this sector, which is characterised by concentrated processors and retailers, it is unrealistic to assume that marketing margins are competitively determined. The empirical estimates in this paper suggest that, since the mid-1980s, processors and retailers of margarine take into account the price of butter when setting margarine prices, which they can only do if they possess market power. This implies that the benefits of CAP reform (in the form of lower butter prices) may be seriously underestimated if the resulting fall in margarine prices is ignored; the increase in butter consumption would be overestimated.     

市场分析·关于我国玉米市场价格分析

2003年10月份以来，我国粮油市场各个品种相继出现跳跃性上扬行情，这种突发性的上扬行情持续了一个多月，目前，各粮食品种的购销价格已经开始回落。面对玉米价格的涨跌，市场上更多人开始关注我国玉米产供需的关系问题，希望通过对我国玉米产供需的分析来了解我国玉米供给是否能够保证市场需求，我国玉米的未来走势如何，我国玉米需求的表现形式及发展方向怎样等问题。     

对我国粮食最低收购价政策的思考

<正>粮食最低收购价是2004年国务院在全面放开粮食收购市场的背景下出台的一项重大粮食政策,经过6年的实践和运行,这项政策在保护农民种粮利     

二零零五年五月国内外市场粮食价格概述

据国家发改委价格监测中心对国内、国际粮食市场跟踪监测显示:5月份,我国粮食主产区小麦、稻谷、玉米价格下降,大豆价格上升;国际市场小麦、玉米、大豆价格上升,大米价格下降。一、国内市场小麦:白小麦混等品国有、非国有粮食企业收购价全国平均为74元(每50公斤,下同),环比下降2.73%,同比上升0.24%。其中,河南省收购价为72元,下降3.93%,河北收购价为78.3元,下降2.2%。红小麦混等品全国收购价平均为71.66元,环比下降3.32%,同比上涨0.48%。其中,湖北省收购价为68.04元,下降5.7%;江苏省收购价为68.2元,下降4.88%。混合麦混等品收购价全国平均为…     

2010年中国物价走势分析与判断

<正>2010年开年最让人记忆深刻的一件事,恐怕就是暴雪了。1月3日,一场59年未遇的暴雪袭击京津,随后转战山东等地。随着暴雪和低温而来的,是以蔬菜价格为首的农副产品价格的纷纷上扬,一时间蔬菜、大米、猪肉、鸡蛋等主要副食品价格一路     

EUROPEAN UNION CEREALS POLICY: AN EVOLUTIONARY INTERPRETATION

Following an introduction explaining the genesis of the paper, section 2 briefly reviews some relevant literature and concepts. On the basis of this review, section 3 develops an outline evolutionary model of policy development. Section 4 interprets the history and present status of the EU policy within this framework (here illustrated by the cereals policy which is taken as archetypal for the CAP as a whole). It characterises the policy history In broad evolutionary terms, emphasising the 'fitness for purpose' of various manifestations of the policy organism. The key conclusion from this section is that the present policy situation cannot be described as 'fit' — there is too much conflict between the present (rather new) policy environment and the character of the existing policy. This conclusion is in distinct contrast to more conventional views about the status of the present policy and to the current view from within the policy-making bureaucracy. Section 5 develops some major implications of this analysis for future development of the CAP. Section 6 offers some broad conclusions.     

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND AUSTRALIA

A political-economy framework is used to explore the differences which have been observed in the pace of agricultural policy reform in the European Community and in Australia. In this framework, policy-making is endogenous in comparison with its exogenous position in applied welfare economics. It is shown that the institutional aspects of the policy process, the power of the farming lobby, and the economic philosophy of governments are important determinants of the extent of income re-distribution and of moves towards the use of more efficient instruments of income redistribution. It is argued that the degree to which politicians are captured by the farming lobby, and the extent to which they support transparency in policy-making, determine whether fundamental reforms are feasible. From this analysis, it is concluded that the pace of reform of the Common Agricultural Policy will continue to lag behind that in Australia.     

DUMMY VARIABLES: AN APPLICATION IN CATTLE PRICE ANALYSIS

Price variation demands the attention of most Alberta cattle producers and marketing agents. This study sought to identify and measure the effects of certain pertinent variables in the marketing system. Cattle prices on different markets–terminals and auctions–were compared. Comparisons in pricing among three different areas–namely, the Grande Prairie region, Central Alberta, and Southern Alberta–were also drawn. Among the variables hypothesized affecting cattle prices, class, grade, and weight were most important for both feeder and slaughter cattle. Low prices were associated with the presence of horns and also with a “full” condition. Producers, therefore, stand to gain by paying attention to “fill,” dehorning, and castration of male calves. An official grading system for feeder cattle should be instituted, and the optimum weights at which to sell feeder and slaughter cattle should be ascertained. La variation des prix est une préoccupation importante pour tous ceux qui sont concernés par la raise en marché du boeuf, qu'il s'agisse des éleveurs, ou des agences de raise en marché. Cette étude vise à identifier certains facteurs, et à en mesurer ?influence sur la mise en marché. On a compareé les prix du bétail dans les grands pares publics et dans les encans locaux. Pour fins de comparaison, une liste de prix a été dressée pour les trois régions suivantes: Grande Prairie, le centre ainsi que le sud de ?Alberta. Parmi les facteurs affectant le prix du bétail, on remarque que la classe, la catégoire et le poids, sont ceux qui influencent le plus le prix des bovins. ?étude a démontré que généralement les prix sont plus éléves pour les animaui sans comes et à jeun au moment de la vente. Les élevéurs auraient done avantage à?mineur la nourriture avant la vente. Il serait preferable aussi ?enlever les comes et le castrer les veaux males. On devrait aussi instituter un systéme officiel de classification des bovins ?engraissement, qui serait utile pour déterminer les poids optima de vente des bovins ?engraissement et du bétail destiné aux abattoirs.     

近期国内玉米价格走势分析及后期预测

一、近期国内玉米价格走势特点近期,国内玉米产区农户存量持续减少,农户和贸易商惜售心理有所增强,市场供给呈现偏紧状态,收购活动进展滞缓;同时受运输紧张及需求好转的影响,销区玉米市场供需缺口加大,一些粮库也加快库存玉米的销售力度,市场销售趋向活跃。玉米价格形势主要呈现以下几个特点:一是国内玉米价格总体呈上升趋势,但仍未达到去年的价格水平。去年第四季度,玉米价格连续下降,今年头两个月,延续了这一趋势,但从3月份开始连续五个月上涨。今年年初,全国玉米主产区收购价格平均为49.86元(50公斤,下同),2月份小幅下降到49.77元,3月份…     

DEMAND PRICE, FISH SIZE AND THE PRICE OF FISH*

Despite considerable work in fisheries economics on the supply side, little attention has been devoted to theoretical aspects of the relationship between ex-vessel price and landings. One of the widely recognized determinants of fish prices is fish size, yet virtually all empirical analyses of the demand for fish ignore fish size. In this paper a demand function is postulated which includes fish size as a continuous demand shift parameter and the implications of fish size to the relationship between price and quantity are examined. It is concluded that omission of fish size may result in confounded estimates of the steady state relationship between price and quantity. It is also concluded that bioeconomic models of the fishery which ignore fish size may yield policy conclusions which are quantitatively, and in some cases, qualitatively, inaccurate. Malgré le nombre important ?études sur ?economique des pêcheries du point de vue des provisions, peu ?attention s'est consacre aux aspects théoriques du rapport entre le prix ex-vaisseau et les débarquements. Un déterminant largement reconnu du prix des poissons, c'est leur taille, quoique presque toutes les analyses empiriques de la demande de poissons ne tiennent aucun compte de la taille des poissons. ?ouvrage présent poslule une fonction de la demande, qui lient compte de la taille des poissons comme paramètre des changements de demande; il examine aussi les implications de la taille des poissons dans le rapport entre prix et quantité. On conclut que ?omission de la taille des poissons puisse résulter en des évaluations confondues du rapport constant entre prix et quantité. On conclut également que les modèles bio-économiques de la pêcherie qui ne tiennent aucun compte de la taille des poissons puissent produire des conclusions de politique qui sone inexactes du point de vue quantitatif, et parfois du point de vue qualitatif.     

农地资源价格研究

论述了农地资源价格特征和构成。农地资源作为土地资产的一种,其价格具有外溢性、市场失灵性、影响因素复杂性等特征。农地价格和其他土地一样具有二元性,即包括农地物质虚幻价格和农地资本次生虚幻价格。从农地产生效益的角度看,农地价格包括农地社会效益价格、农地生态效益价格和农地经济效益价格。作为农地所有者（或使用者）真正把握住县可让渡的价格仅是农地真实的价格中的极少的一部分。