THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN AGRICULTURAL MARKETING

The author considers the question ‘What is a marketing improvement and how can it be recognised?’ and finds it a more difficult question to answer than it might first appear. Yet government is constantly urging ‘improvement’ on the industry. Rejecting the notion that government is somehow better placed than people in the market to decide what should be the pattern of the future, the author suggests that a proper role for government is to create the context within which the natural, self-adjusting mechanisms of the market economy can function properly, and explores the implications of such a role. He also argues a case for reconsidering the structure and role of the bodies which represent sectoral interests.     

AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SUPPLY AND MARKETING OF APPLES IN NOVA SCOTIA*

The supply of apples in Nova Scotia is disaggregated in two dimensions: by variety–namely, fresh, processing, and dual purpose apples and by number of bearing trees and yield per tree. Using regression techniques, price distributed lags explained tree planting decisions. Market variables and climatic factors such as frost, sunshine, and wind explained yield. Simulation studies indicate (I) a relative stability in the population of apple trees, (2) a noticeable sensitivity of yield to climatic factors, especially wind in unfavorable cases and sunshine in favorable ones, and (3) that the buffering effect of dual purpose apples and the relative inelasticity of demand for processing apples both help maintain relative overall stability in the industry in the face of unpredictable climatic variations. On divisé?apprivisionmemenl des pommes de la Nouvelle Ecosse en deux: ?abord par varietés, la pomme de consommalion, la pomme industrielie, les pommes peuvent servir 1'un ou I'autre de ces fins et ensuiie par le nombre de pommiers et le rendement par arbre. Employant une technique regressive, ?on peut comprendre que le nombre de pommiers planter dépendent directement du prix des pommes sur le marché. Par variations dans le marché et les conditions climatiques telle que le gel, ?énsoleillement el le vent expliquent le rendement. Des études controlées nous indique: 1. Une stabilityé relative dans le nombre des pommiers 2. Une variation marquée suivant les conditions climatiques, spéciallemenl le vent, (condition infavourablejet lesoleil(conditionfavorable) 3. Que I'effet amortissônt des pommes a double fins et ?inélasticicité de la demande pour les pommes preparées a la consommalion aident à maintenir une certaine stabilityé dans cette Industrie aux prises avec les changements climatiques imprévisibles     

浅析我国农产品国际营销环境

我国农产品的国际营销近几年取得了长足进展。该文分析了我国农产品国际营销环境,指出要从打破技术性贸易壁垒、把好农产品出口质量关、实施品牌战略、创造良好国际环境等方面提升我国农产品在国际市场的竞争力。     

农产品品牌营销路径研究

农产品品牌营销作为一种新型的市场营销模式,对我国农产品增强国际竞争力,拓展国际市场,走向世界具有重要的促进作用。文章通过文献查阅及实地调研,在农产品市场需求和供给市场方面阐述了农产品品牌营销的必要性,通过对国内外品牌营销模式(文中论述的是"国外品牌特性以及我国品牌营销路径研究进程")的了解,详细阐述了我国农产品营销中存在的主要问题,并在此基础上提出了具有针对性的建议,例如加大科技投入,强化政府引导,因地制宜发展优势农业,加强宣传等手段,以期为我国农产品品牌营销提供一定理论指导及实践借鉴。     

AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LOYALTY OF MEMBERS IN THE WESTERN NIGERIA MARKETING CO-OPERATIVES*, †

The performance of the Western Nigeria Co-operative marketing societies has been unsatisfactory and competition with private traders has proved largely unsuccessful. The disloyalty of members constitutes one of the major handicaps. How can the situation be altered? The answers are sought by formulating a socio-economic model of the loyalty of members. In conclusion, concrete proposals for ensuring a virile regional co-operative movement are suggested.     

浙江特色农产品营销模式发展策略

作为一种健康、无污染的新型农产品特色农产品越来越受到人们的青睐,做强特色农业,扩大特色农产品的销售渠道以及拓宽特色农产品的营销模式对于促进特色农产品的销售有着极为重要的意义。为了扩大特色农产品在相关市场当中的市场份额,增强特色农产品的市场竞争力,并最终提高人们的生活质量,在特色农产品销售过程当中必须对特色农产品营销策略进行系统的研究与分析。在研究当中,通过实地调研、调查问卷等形式对浙江省舟山市、杭州市、上虞市以及宁波市等地的特色农产品营销体系以及相关特色农产品营销策略进行了较为全面系统的分析。在此基础上,文章从浙江省实际情况出发,结合浙江省相关特色农产品的优势以及不足,从强化品牌意识、优化销售渠道、完善营销理念、整合优势资源等方面对浙江省特色农产品营销模式进行了细致的分析,以期通过上述建议为促进浙江省特色农产品的销售提供一定的理论指导。     

基于供销合作社系统的武汉市农产品流通对策研究

为充分利用供销合作社网络完善武汉市农产品流通供应链体系,文章对供销合作总社近10年来的销售业绩进行提取分析,结果表明:供销社是流通领域中符合体制内运作的重要组织,在农产品流通领域中是解决"买难"、"卖难"的可行性方案,是符合农民利益和提高农民收入的重要路径;创建以供销合作社为核心的农产品交易体系,必将对武汉市的农产品流通具有非常显著的促进作用;供销合作社所占有的市场份额所形成的品牌效应将对农产品流通体系的完善有着直接的正向促进作用。以供销合作社作为研究视角,并提出基于武汉市供销合作社的农产品流通系统需要从建立农产品加工生产专用服务体系、加快供销合作社的农产品流通速度以及合理开发农产品流通电商营销渠道等3个方面入手,减少不必要的生产销售环节的同时,加强各供销合作社的合作规模,以切实建立起便利惠民的农产品流通体系,实现再生产环节中农户经济权益的有效保护。     

河北省农产品市场形势分析

分析了河北省农产品产销及市场建设状况,预测了２０００年农产品市场走势,提出了生产者及政府应采取的措施。     

A NOTE: A CLARIFICATION OF THE ROLE OF YIELD UNCERTAINTY IN INFLUENCING OVER-QUOTA PRODUCTION*

The literature shows that the influence of yield uncertainty on production relative to quota is ambiguous in the case of a single market. This paper uses a two-market framework (quota market and secondary market) with multiplicative yield uncertainty to show that if over-quota production in the absence of yield uncertainty is profitable, then the presence of yield uncertainty is unambiguously a further stimulus to over-quota production. The analysis is discussed in the context of recent changes to the marketing arrangements for Western Australian potatoes.     

对我国农产品市场超常波动的思考

对我国农产品市场超常波动进行了较全面的分析;提出了必须在家庭经营的基础上,把农民组织起来,共同面向市场和重新启动城乡两个农产品消费市场的建议.     

AN ANALYSIS OF PEASANT FARM PRODUCTION UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY*

In this paper the impact of cotton on a traditional food crop system in a semi-arid area of Kenya is analysed using a linear programming model and sensitivity analysis. Alternative criteria, maximax, maximin, and a standard average return maximand, are used in turn. The solutions are all evaluated as ‘best year’, ‘worst year’, and average values. This gives a range of results that cakes account of the uncertainty in the farming situation. Several policy conclusions follow from the analysis. It is argued that the approach used is more realistic than an approach in which a single maximand is used, and that the simplicity of the approach brings it within reach of many involved in farm production analysis.     

ECONOMICS,POLITICS AND POTATOES-THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE POTATO MARKETING BOARD IN GREAT BRITAIN

This paper describes briefly arrangements for marketing potatoes in Great Britain. It discusses the ways in which the Potato Marketing Board has sought to influence the market and argues that in current circumstances it cannot insulate British growers from the effects of trade within the European Community. It may now be appropriate to look towards modified forms of operation in order to help the industry to compete.     

中国乳制品供给安全形势分析

目的 在奶业振兴背景下,分析当前我国乳制品供给能力提升与奶源自给率下降等问题,是完善乳制品供给安全的重要保障。方法 文章基于美国农业部、联合国粮农组织、国家统计局、海关总署与《奶业年鉴》等数据,通过分析国内外乳制品生产、消费和贸易格局变化,梳理并分析全球乳制品供需背景下中国乳制品供给安全所面临的挑战。结果 （1）全球原料奶产量增长乏力,国际乳制品供给增长空间有限。（2）我国奶源自给率明显下降,供需缺口进一步扩大。（3）国内乳制品生产与消费结构相对单一,乳制品行业仍具备较大提升空间。（4）乳制品进口贸易对外依赖度加大,进口集中度高,风险分散能力弱。结论 应确立保障我国乳制品供给安全战略导向,优化产需结构;统筹内外发展,平衡乳制品供给对外依存度;完善市场稳定机制,强化风险防控能力;促进奶业技术进步和绿色发展,缓解资源环境约束问题。     

MARKETING BOARDS AND QUOTA POLICIES FOR CANADIAN FARM PRODUCTS: AN APPRAISAL OF PERFORMANCE*

Since the great economic Depression, Canadian farm operators have always emphasized the need to strengthen their bargaining position in the market place. Basically, farm operators believe that the individual farmer is in no position to bargain effectively in a product market with a few large firms.
Legislators have responded to the wishes of farm operators by enacting legislation which provides for the formation of compulsory marketing boards controlled by producers. An ever-increasing number of these boards are now in operation. The granting of exclusive powers to sell particular farm products, however, is one which involves the public interest and the public is, therefore, vitally interested.
This paper focuses attention on the exercise of the powers vested in these marketing boards through their use of quotas, and their limitations to entry of new producers into particular sectors of the agricultural industry. The paper indicates that there are some positive features to the quota policies pursued by marketing boards. Some economic security has been afforded farm operators with short-term stability engendered in particular sectors of agriculture. There are certain negative consequences of these quota policies, which affect the location of production and also impair the competitive strength of particular sectors of agriculture to which they are applied. They have also interfered with the most rational utilization of resources in associated industries. These aspects of the quota policies are, therefore, inconsistent with the public interest. The study outlines principles that should form the basis of a revitalized marketing policy that may be more consistent with the public interest.     

INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERVICES FOR MARKETING: AN APPRAISAL IN TERMS OF CONVENIENCE FOR WORK IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Adaptation of computer technology to the assembly of bibliographical information has expanded enormously the amount and range of information that can be held. Convenience in use remains an important consideration. This criterion is applied to some international bibliographical systems from the viewpoint of a particular discipline. A second stage selection based on the primary sources seems necessary to take full advantage of their potential.     

我国水产品质量安全问题发生原因解析

发达国家利用SPS协议，对我国水产品进行严格的卫生检疫，致使我国水产品出口受阻，我们应从中吸取教训，采取措施，加强水产品的质量安全管理。     

论乡村民俗文化在休闲农业发展中的作用、问题与对策——以河南省为例

乡村民俗文化对乡村休闲农业的发展具有巨大的促进作用。文章阐述乡村民俗文化在休闲农业发展中的重要作用,同时对目前河南省乡村民俗文化在休闲农业发展中的现状及存在的问题进行深入探讨发现,河南省民俗文化存在资源转化率低、产业规模小,民俗文化与休闲农业融合程度低,民俗文化在休闲农业中的应用缺乏创新性等主要问题。并从加强政府引导、加大对民俗文化的继承与创新、探索适合本地民俗文化与休闲农业融合发展方式等方面提出对策,旨在为河南省休闲农业的发展提供一定的借鉴。     

欠发达地区政府在农业产业化中的作用分析

该文简要分析了欠发达地区政府促进农业产业化的必要性和可能性,以甘肃省定西市为例,对地方政府在其中所应发挥的作用进行探讨:提供公共服务,开发人力资源,致力制度创新,培植龙头企业,倡导产业内文化。