Perceptions and Worry about Hazards at Work: Unions, Contract Maintenance, and Job Control in the U.S. Petrochemical Industry

Union statements and journalist accounts have tied workers' fears of accidents to the increasing use of subcontractors at U.S. petrochemical plants. In this case study of workers at a chemical facility in Louisiana, we explore who perceives and worries about chemical exposures and explosions in the work place and why. Perceptions of chemical exposures were highest among union members, contract workers, and those with low job control, whereas perception of explosions was highest among those reporting being rushed or overworked. Contract workers appear to be more worried about hazards in the industry than direct-hire employees.     

当前企业安全管理存在的当前企业安全管理存在的主要问题和解决方法探索

总结了目前企业安全生产管理存在的七个有代表性的问题,并提出了解决思路或建议。安全责任制不仅仅是安全部门的职责,需要从各个方面加强安全管理。建议：1）把传统安全管理和HSE体系管理紧密地结合起来,使HSE体系管理增加可操作性和有针对性的内容;2）改进现有的反违章工作的方法,从根源上查找事故发生的原因;3）建立奖罚结合的事故防范机制,既要对事故责任进行追究,更要鼓励广大员工积极发现安全隐患;4）安全大检查不等于HSE体系审核,安全检查的内容要按照HSE体系的规范方法进行;5）安全工作重在落实,要加强对落实情况和问题整改的检查;6）明确各级安全检查的不同目的,事先进行安全检查策划。     

Beyond flexibility: reallocation of responsibilities in the case of telework

Based on eight in‐depth case studies, this paper argues that telework transfers bigger (and legally unbinding) responsibility to employees whereas both employees and employers accept it. This is likely due to the fact that adoption of telework alters some aspects of psychological contract between employees and employers.     

应用QPMS改进工程质量监理

质量是工程产品的生命,质量监理是工程监理的核心。我国质量监理存在着片面性,难以与承包商在融洽的气氛中服务于工程质量这一共同目标,也不利于工程的各参与方认识质量问题,对质量问题公平负责。本文阐述了QPMS方法,并探讨了该方法在质量监理中的应用程序。     

建筑施工项目HSE管理体系建设研究

近年来职业健康、环境和安全问题越来越引起人们的重视,尤其是如何才能为建筑业从业人员提供健康环境安全保障,更成为建筑行业迫切需要解决的难题。文章提出了通过构建广义的HSE管理体系,包括完善的管理组织机构和对应的责任制度、广泛的监督机制和有效的激励制度的方式来保障建筑行业从业人员的健康、环境与安全。探讨了企业HSE管理流程,建议建立业主负主要责任的安全责任体制。     

Product Liability and Strategic Delegation: Endogenous Manager Incentives Promote Strict Liability

Review of Industrial Organization - We derive the socially optimal allocation of liability for product-related accidents when firms delegate their output and safety choices to managers under a...     

解读2008年全球最大承包商

以2009年ENR公布的225家全球最大承包商排名为基础,首先从合同额、业务领域分布以及区域分布等三方面出发分析了全球最大承包商的总体情况,以及225强中33家中国公司的逐年排名及业务隋况,然后结合往年ENR公布的数据资料,从逐年的排名以及业务领域营业额等方面分析了近五年来最大承包商前十强以及中国公司的变化情况。     

浅谈FIDIC施工合同条件下承包商的一般权利和义务

通过对1999年版国际咨询工程师联合会（FIDIC）施工合同条件下承包商的一般权利和义务的分析与总结,阐述了承包商要适应市场竞争环境就必须熟悉并掌握FIDIC合同条件的必要性和重要性。     

提高油田现场安全监督工作质量探讨

介绍了“倒树状”安全监管模式和“巡视监督、旁站监督、专项监督、跟踪监督”等有效的监督方法及区域负责责任体系。该方法通过在油气田生产现场全面推广应用，基本实现了“监督实施标准化、监督运行程序化、监督质量责任化”的工作要求,现场安全监督工作质量得到了明显提升，取得了良好效果。     

Fraud,investments and liability regimes in payment platforms

In this paper, we discuss how fraud losses impact the price structure chosen by a monopolistic payment platform, if merchants can invest in fraud detection technologies. We show that liability rules bias the structure of the prices charged by the platform to consumers and merchants with respect to a case in which such a responsibility regime is not implemented. If consumers are liable for fraud, the profit-maximizing price structure is neither biased in favor of consumers nor merchants. If consumers are not liable for fraud, the platform lowers the price for merchants to provide them with investment incentives. Under the zero liability rule for consumers, the profit-maximizing allocation of fraud losses maximizes social welfare.     

The Value of Building Codes

We present a double moral hazard model to study the impact of building codes on the safety/quality level chosen by the builder and the level of care expended by the buyer. We show that codes can be a mechanism to implement the first-best solution provided: (1) The code prescribes the optimum safety level, (2) The code uses the efficient technology to achieve the optimum safety level, and (3) The courts use Negligence Rule as the liability rule. We argue, however, that codes in general do not use the efficient technology. We provide an alternative mechanism to implement the first-best solution. This mechanism is a contract between the builder and the buyer that specifies the level of safety jquality to be expended by the builder. We prove that the contract is a more effective and more efficient mechanism than are the building codes.     

浅谈成功投标的策略与技巧

承包商参加投标竞争，目的在于得到自己最有利的承包合同，从而获得尽可能多的盈利，为此，作出正确的投标决策后，必须研究投标策略与技巧，以指导其投标全过程的活动。     

员工工资、培训与跳槽:一个劳工合约模型

本文通过劳工合约模型论证了员工工资与企业培训之间的交替关系，并分析了企业向接受培训继而跳槽的员工收取罚金对该交替关系的影响。在跳槽率作为外生变量时．若企业不向跳槽的员工收取罚金．签约员工通常乐于以较低的工资换取更多的技能培训。鉴于此，为使劳动力流动更有利于提高生产力和降低通货膨胀，政府应采取培训导向型的收入政策．或通过货币政策和财政政策的传导，鼓励企业和雇主增加培训支出并取消跳槽罚金。     

国际工程博茨瓦纳马地雷洛商场项目承包合同索赔浅述

工程合同索赔包含工期索赔和经济索赔。工期索赔的目的首先是延长工期，避免遭受工期延误罚款；其次是给经济索赔的合法性奠定合同基础。合同索赔是目前建筑市场中承包商利润主要来源。做好合同内索赔不但能提高承包商对国际工程施工管理的能力，而且能够给建筑商带来可观的经济效益。     

EPC项目投标报价方法及影响因素研究

我国EPC总承包商在投标报价时面临设计深度不足、施工过程不确定性大等风险,导致其投标报价的难度相较于传统承发包模式更大,为保证总承包企业在EPC项目中能够获得最佳的收益,本文在EPC总承包项目投标报价特征的基础上,分析投标报价的内容及其计算方法,并对EPC总承包项目投标报价的影响因素进行识别与阐述,最后辅以工程实例进行说明。研究结论为总承包企业在EPC项目中的投标报价起借鉴作用,进而促进我国EPC总承包模式的健康发展。     

The role of process plant contractors in transferring technology

Process plant contractors implement and bring to fruition the capital investment programmes in such sectors as chemicals and metals. In undertaking a contract they perform all or a number of the following: plant design and engineering, supply of process technology, procurement of equipment, supervision of construction, plant commissioning, and the arrangement of project finance. Specific characteristics of the industry are the variety of functions undertaken by the contractor and operation on a worldwide basis.
The nature and extent of contractor involvement in transferring technology is determined by a complex interaction of a number of economic and technological factors. The source of technology may be 'in-house', a long term licence agreement, or some specific arrangement to meet a particular enquiry. The paper illustrates the various means for technology transfer drawing on examples from the experience of one contractor.     

诘问与正名：对董事责任保险合同功能之责难与回应

有学者认为董事责任保险合同可能会诱发董事和高级职员的道德风险并对董事责任的惩罚功能和预防功能造成一定的冲击，因此对董事责任保险合同的合理性提出了质疑。事实上，董事责任保险合同对道德风险的引发以及董事责任功能的冲击并不是绝对的，可以利用相关的法律规范和技术手段来降低和减少其所产生的影响。     

国际工程承包市场分析

受国际经济和政治环境变化的影响，国际工程承包市场呈现了一系列新的发展趋势和特点。通过对ENR公布的全球最大的225家国际承包商的数据的简要分析，对国际工程承包市场的概况、行业特点、区域特点以及发展趋势进行了探讨，有助于工程承包企业更好地拓展国际市场。     

COMPETITION AND COST OVERRUNS IN PROCUREMENT*

Most cases of cost overruns in public procurement are related to important changes in the initial project design. This paper provides a rationale for the observed pattern in public procurement of underinvestment in design specification. We propose a two‐stage model in which the sponsor first decides how much to invest in design specification and auctions the project to horizontally differentiated contractors. After the contract has been awarded and implemented, the sponsor and contractor receive new information about the optimal project design and renegotiate the contract to accommodate changes in the initial project's design. We show that the sponsor's optimal strategy is to underinvest in design specification, which makes significant cost overruns likely. Since no such underinvestment occurs when contractors are not horizontally differentiated, cost overruns are seen to arise as a consequence of lack of competition in the procurement market.     

工程变更计价条款的改进探析

为了使承发包双方公平合理地进行工程变更计价。立足工程量清单中各子目价格之间的关联性,引入规模经济、合同法学等理论并结合案例,较全面地分析工程变更带来的关联价格影响。将《标准施工招标文件(2007)》中的合同条款与英国JCT合同条款的变更计价条款进行比较,论证了国内变更计价条款的不足,提出若干改进建议。为承包商合理索取利润提供理论依据,减少双方的纠纷,有助于工程项目三大目标的顺利实现。