浅谈室内空气污染的危害与治理

分析了室内空气污染物的来源,讨论了这些室内污染物对人体健康的影响。介绍了改善室内空气质量、防治室内空气污染的方法。     

谁是室内空气污染的元凶

室内空气污染物包括:甲醛、苯、二甲苯、氨、TVOC和氡气。室内空气污染物主要来源于:建筑及室内装饰材料、室外污染物、燃烧产物和人本身活动。其中室内装饰材料及家具的污染是目前造成室内空气污染的主要方面,油漆、胶合板、刨花板、泡沫填料、内墙涂料、塑料贴面等材料中含挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)高达300多种。     

室内空气污染物来源、危害及防治措施

近年来有害于健康的室内空气污染物已引起全球性的人口发病率和死亡率的增加,而室内环境主要污染物有甲醛、苯、总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)、氨和氡.文章时于室内空气污染物的来源以及危害方面进行了分析及详细归纳,并提出了相应的污染防治措施.     

室内空气甲醛来源以及危害

甲醛是一种存在于室内空气的气态污染物。阐述了室内空气中甲醛的来源以及危害。     

谈民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制

室内空气污染与人类健康、生存有着密切的关系。文章主要介绍了室内空气污染物的种类、性质、来源、危害、控制限量及控制措施等。     

六招减少装修污染

洁净的空气是生命健康的必要条件,据相关调查显示,人类约有六成的疾病与室内空气污染有关。造成室内空气质量下降的根本原因是通风换气不良以及室内空气污染物超标。以下6招能够     

谈室内空气污染与检测

室内空气污染物数量众多,常见的是甲醛、氨、苯、TVOC、氡5种,文章简单介绍了其来源与危害,同时对我国现行的两部关于室内空气检测标准进行了说明和分析。     

浅谈室内空气污染

随着城市人们生活水平的不断提高,各种装饰装修材料、家具大量进入室内．由此使室内污染物的来源和种类越来越多,影响了人们的身体健康。室内空气污染已经引起人们极大的关注。本文介绍了室内空气污染的定义、室内环境污染的现状、室内主要污染物的来源及对人体健康的危害、室内污染的控制及治理。     

论民用建筑工程室内环境污染的防治措施

民用建筑工程的室内环境对人们的身心健康有着重要的影Ⅱ向,本文主要通过分析民用建筑室内空气污染物甲醛、苯、TVOC、氡、氨的来源、危害、释放规律及其影响因素,并提出了新装修的建筑房屋中,如何减轻和控制室内空气污染物的对策和防治措施。为改善人类居住环境的空气质量,充分发挥环境对人类社会的积极影响,具有一定的应用价值和现实意义。     

浅谈室内环境常见污染及对策

通过对室内空气污染特点的介绍，从有害气体、浮游粒子、香烟烟雾、放射性污染等几个方面探讨了室内主要污染物及污染源，提出了室内污染物相应的控制措施，指出控制室内污染应从源头把好质量关，以及采取物理、化学及植物等方法消除室内污染物。     

雾霾污染对审计费用和审计质量的影响研究

以2013—2017年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究样本,实证分析了雾霾污染对会计师事务所审计费用和审计质量的不同影响。研究结果表明：雾霾污染会导致审计费用增加和审计质量下降。这一结论在替换雾霾污染指标、改变雾霾污染衡量方式、替换雾霾污染数据、替换审计质量指标、替换控制变量、采用极端天气比例、考虑雾霾污染的预期效应和采用倾向得分匹配方法等稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步分析发现：雾霾污染会通过增大企业经营风险和企业问题曝光风险来提高审计费用;雾霾污染会通过减少审计师的审计时间来降低审计质量;审计费用溢价增强了雾霾污染对审计质量的负向影响;雾霾污染对审计费用的正向影响和对审计质量的负向影响仅在非重污染企业样本中和非重污染地区样本中显著成立。研究结论有助于厘清雾霾污染影响审计行为的作用机制,为主管部门在雾霾污染环境中加强审计市场监管提供理论依据。     

Two models of urban air pollution

In this paper, the impact of pollution on locational decisions and the production of pollution by individuals are modeled. This is done for pollution produced by transportation and for that produced by stationary sources. The nature of pollution as an externality distorts the pattern of land use. Transport pollution produces cities which are too dispersed or too large, whereas the reverse is true for pollution from stationary sources. The optimal spatial pattern of income classes in the model of transport pollution is that the better off people live further away from the center of the city; the reverse is true for the model of pollution from stationary sources.     

中国横向税收竞争如何影响雾霾污染——基于环保支出中介效应的研究

分税制改革以来,省级政府间税收竞争激化带来的环境污染问题正在逐步凸现。在此背景下,首先从理论层面分析了税收竞争、环保支出及雾霾污染的关系,并提出假说;其次建立空间杜宾模型测度了税收竞争对雾霾污染的直接效应、间接效应和总效应,并利用中介效应方法实证检验了税收竞争通过环保支出对雾霾污染的作用路径。研究结果表明,税收竞争显著加剧了本地区雾霾污染,但是其间接效应和总效应并不显著;此外,环保支出是税收竞争影响雾霾污染的一个主要中介变量。     

Pollution and informal economy

In this study, we investigate the relationship between the size of the informal economy and the level of environmental pollution/energy use. To this end, we first use different indicators of environmental pollution along with a measure of energy use intensity in a panel dataset consisting of 152 countries over the period 1999–2009 and empirically examine the relationship between pollution and the shadow economy. The estimation results show that there is an inverse-U relationship between the size of the informal economy and environmental pollution, that is, small and large sizes of the informal economy are associated with lower environmental pollution and medium levels of informality are associated with higher levels of environmental pollution. Next, we build a two sector dynamic general equilibrium model to suggest an economic mechanism for this observation. Our model identifies two channels through which informality might affect environmental pollution: The scale effect, whereby a larger (smaller) informal economy size is associated with a lower (higher) level of environmental pollution, and the deregulation effect, whereby a larger (smaller) informal economy is associated with higher (lower) pollution levels. As these two effects work in opposite directions, the changing relative strength of one with respect to the informal sector size creates the inverted-U relationship between pollution indicators and informality.     

居民对污染土地的认知及其影响因素分析——以武汉古田化工区周边居民为例

本文以对武汉市古田化工区312位周边居民的调查数据为基础,分析了居民对污染土地的认知状况,并通过建立逐步回归模型分析了其影响因素。研究结果表明:1.居民对污染土地问题普遍关注;认同污染土地开发以及开发效益;对污染土地的风险感知度普遍较高;普遍缺乏土地污染防治的相关专业知识。同时,研究发现居民对土地污染的重视程度远低于大气污染、水体污染等环境污染。2.居民个人特征因素中,性别、年龄、户籍、受教育程度显著影响居民对污染土地的认知;而家庭成员数、收入状况等因素则影响不显著;在外部环境因素中,到污染土地的距离、在当地居住时间和住房状况等显著影响居民对污染土地的认知。     

城市人居光环境与光污染防治——基于建筑表皮技术的城市光污染防治

通过对造成城市光污染成因的分析,阐明了当前城市人居光环境状况以及"光环境影响评价"的缺失对光污染防治工作的影响,特别是针对建筑玻璃幕墙的光污染问题,提出了基于建筑表面技术的城市光污染防治措施。认为在人居光环境问题日益严重的今天,除了从技术角度探讨光污染的防治问题外,还应从行政的层面完善相应的法律法规,尤其要加大"光环境影响评价"的力度,从根本上消除光污染的产生。     

泰安市环境污染损失对GDP的修正核算

经济的发展和不断增长的GDP数字,是建立在资源环境不断透支的基础之上的,这种高消耗、高污染的发展方式使社会不能承受环境污染造成的风险。采用污染治理成本法对泰安市环境污染成本进行了核算,结果表明泰安市2006年环境治理成本占当年GDP的1.03%,10.45亿元属于虚增值,泰安市2006年绿色GDP为1001.75亿元。     

抚顺市工业废气排放状况及评价分析

根据"十一五"环境统计数据,采用等标污染负荷评价方法对抚顺市2010年工业废气排放情况进行评价,得出结论东洲区和望花区工业废气等标污染荷量排在全市的前两位,排在前五位的企业都是发电企业,抚顺市的污染是煤烟型污染,重点排放的是发电行业。     

Does local government competition aggravate haze pollution? A new perspective of factor market distortion

Haze pollution has become a new threat to China's sustainable development, but it may be that local government behaviour can play an important role in the prevention and control of pollutants. A dynamic spatial autoregressive (SAR) model is used to study the relationship between local government competition and haze pollution. To further explore the indirect impact of factor market distortion on haze pollution and control potential endogeneity problems, a newly developed intermediary effect model that incorporates the characteristics of the generalized method of moments (GMM) is utilized to explore how factor market distortion indirectly affects haze pollution. The research results show that regional haze pollution in China is characterized by significant spatial correlation, and local government competition has a positive impact on haze pollution; that is, local government competition exacerbates haze pollution. In general, local government competition not only directly leads to an increase in haze pollution but also further intensifies it by distorting the local factor market, and the intermediary role of factor market distortion is approximately 7.04%. The results of the regional inspection found that competition among local governments in the eastern region did not lead to haze pollution, and distortion of the factor market did not exist as an intermediary effect. However, both direct and intermediary effects are significant in the central and western regions. Therefore, an official performance appraisal system that includes ecological constraints should be established to guide the benign transformation of local government competition, and an environmental management mechanism must be developed for joint prevention and control to reduce haze pollution. In addition, the free flow of factors and marketization are equally important.     

环境规制对污染行业就业的影响

在环境问题日益严峻和经济转型的背景下,能否实现环境规制和就业的双赢成为现阶段我国面临的一个挑战。为了分析环境规制对污染行业就业的影响,在构建数理模型的基础上,利用中国21个污染行业2003—2011年的面板数据,构建模型进行实证分析,研究结果表明：从数理模型来看,环境规制对污染行业的就业有着积极作用;从实证结果来看,环境规制和滞后一期的环境规制指标均对整体污染行业的就业有着积极作用,对重度污染行业的就业有着促进作用,对轻度污染行业的就业影响不明显。