Foreign Direct Investment and Inflation

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are able to shift investments between home and host countries to minimize the negative effects of changes in the macroeconomic environment. This article formalizes a model that allows studying this investment‐smoothing behavior of MNEs facing inflation taxes in both the home and the host country. The MNE is allowed to invest in two economies, home and host, and to finance its foreign direct investment (FDI) either through domestic or foreign sources. The investment smoothing by the MNE is studied for cases of both vertical and horizontal FDI. The results suggest FDI is used as a hedging tool, mitigating the effects of inflation taxes even if there are no formal hedging mechanisms. The investment‐smoothing reaction of MNEs depends on the reason for investment, the financing sources of FDI, and the substitutability between factors of production. Finally, this investment‐smoothing possibility (FDI) reduces the real negative effects of inflation.     

扩大对发展中国家直接投资的可行性分析

中国经济近年来强劲增长,但也受到资源、市场等瓶颈的约束,因此我国政府实施了“走出去”战略,鼓励企业进行对外直接投资。我国是发展中大国,相对于其他发展中国家具有一定的比较优势,扩大对发展中国家的投资具有可行性。     

Global Foreign Direct Investment Flows: The Role of Governance Infrastructure

It is widely argued that a country’s economic performance over time is determined to a great extent by its political, institutional and legal environment. We refer to these institutions and policies as the governance infrastructure of a country. We utilize newly developed indices to examine the effects of governance infrastructure on both foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and outflows for a broad sample of developed and developing countries over 1995–97. In addition, we examine the role of other forms of infrastructure including human capital and the environment. The results clearly indicate that governance infrastructure is an important determinant of both FDI inflows and outflows. Investments in governance infrastructure not only attract capital, but also create the conditions under which domestic multinational corporations emerge and invest abroad. It would appear that investments in governance infrastructure are subject to diminishing returns, so that the benefits, in terms of inflows, are most pronounced for smaller and developing economies.     

文化距离和国际直接投资流向：S型曲线假说

文化距离和国际直接投资流向的关系一直是学术界研究的热点问题,并且存在着“文化距离悖论”。本文在文化距离所产生的“外来者劣势”和“外来者收益”的基础上建立了新的理论框架,以此来分析文化距离和国际直接投资流向之间的复杂非线性关系。1993-2006年49个世界重要经济体在29个OECD成员国的国际直接投资数据表明,文化距离和国际直接投资流向之间存在着水平S型曲线关系。这一研究结果能够较好地解释文化距离和国际直接投资流向之间的“文化距离悖论”。     

外资对人力资本积累的作用

人力资本与外资之间是相互影响、相互作用的关系.人力资本的水平对于外资的吸引作用受到了人们的充分重视,但是外资对于人力资本积累的作用则为人们有意无意地忽略.其实,外资可以通过多种渠道影响人力资本的积累.本文的实证结果表明,外资对于人力资本积累的影响是显著的.外资对于人力资本的积累作用不容忽视.     

策略竞争与发展中国家的对外直接投资

利用非合作博栾的分析框架,说明了垄断优势既不是对外直接投资的充分条件,也不是其必要条件,从而修正了传统的跨国公司理论,从理论上解释了发展中国家的对外直接投资。在投资主导型和全球竞争的现代经济环境下,发展中国家企业的对外直接投资是保有其市场份额的策略手段。在这种背景下,如果没有寻租行为,发展中国家对海外投资的扶持是一种双赢策略：既增加了本国跨国公司的利润,又增加了本国的净收益。     

外商直接投资的环境效应--基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

改革开放以来,规模持续扩大的外商直接投资在推动我国经济增长的同时,也给我国生态环境带来一定的负面影响。本文利用我国30个省(市、区)、1999～2004年度的面板数据,构建了一个经济计量模型,对外商直接投资的环境效应进行测度。计量结果显示,外商直接投资对我国生态环境具有显著的负面效应:就全国总体情况而言,三资工业企业总资产每增加1%,工业废气排放量增加0.358%。进一步对东、中、西部三大区域的研究表明,与外商直接投资在我国的区域分布特征相一致,外商直接投资对我国生态环境的负面效应也呈现出明显的东高西低的梯度特征。文章最后提出了相关政策建议。     

Research on Spillover Effect of Foreign Direct Investment

The paper figure out there is potential for significant spillover effects from FDI into host countries. The paper summarizes some of the aggregate evidence of technology and productivity spillovers from FDI, and we focus more closely on the effects of FDI on human capital development in the host countries, both through linkages and various kinds of training, Section 4 is the summarization and conclusion of the paper.     

Financing of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Flows: The Case of Indonesia 1

This paper tries to assess the effects of implementing foreign investment in Indonesia on the country's imports from home countries. This effect is found to be sizeable as more than 50% of realised foreign investment in Indonesia is implemented m kind. 1.e. by importing plant equipment. Furthemore, sectoral kind-cash financing ratios have been correlated with sectoral loan-equity ratios of realised investment from Japan as the largest country investing in non-oil sectors. This correlation is found to be negative and is explained by the way that investment legislation provides incennves for foreign investors to pay them equity contribution in kind and convey ownership of the plant equipment to local nationals later on.     

Official Development Assistance and Foreign Direct Investment Flows to Sub‐Saharan Africa

Abstract: Foreign direct investment is believed to have a positive impact on the economies of the developing countries but its determinants are not yet fully established. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between official development assistances and foreign direct investment flows using panel data from 11 sub‐Saharan African countries for the period 1990–2003. The results show that bilateral official development assistance has a significant and positive influence on foreign direct investment flows. The results also show that trade openness, growth rate in the labor force, and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment flows. But multilateral development assistance, the growth rate in GDP per capita, the country's composite risk level, and the index for political freedom and civil liberties do not have a statistically significant effect on foreign direct investment flows. The policy implication of the positive and significant influence of the bilateral official development assistance on foreign direct investment is that the recipient countries need to formulate policies that improve their economic relationships with the donor countries in order to attract greater foreign direct investment flows from the multilateral corporations located in these countries.     

新兴市场国家金融部门外国直接投资问题研究

20世纪90年代中期以后,在一系列因素的作用下,新兴市场国家的FSFDI迅速增长。FS-FDI具有提高新兴市场国家的资本分配效率等积极作用,但同时也产生了新的金融脆弱性,使新兴市场国家的金融监管当局面临重大挑战。新兴市场国家在吸收FSFDI时应当加强审慎有效的金融监管;合理控制FSFDI的数量并鼓励本国金融机构提高国际化程度;统筹规划FSFDI的格局,避免来源国过于集中。目前,外资银行对中国金融部门的直接投资尚处在准备阶段,随着中国金融自由化步伐的逐步加快,以中国为首的东亚新兴市场国家将成为吸收国际FSFDI的主力。     

外商直接投资对国内资本形成的挤出效应分析

外商直接投资(FDI)引致经济增长的路径,存在着不同的解释,从已有的文献来看,无论是遵循新古典还是新增长理论的分析框架,都暗含着FDI与国内资本存在互补关系,忽视了FDI对国内资本的挤出效应,即FDI的流入可能会降低国内资本形成规模和速度,进而对经济增长产生影响,本文通过总量和产业两个层次上对FDI与国内资本形成进行分析发现:从总量上来看,外资并没有对国内资本产生挤出效应,而从产业结构上来看,绝对挤出效应并不存在,相对挤出效应确实存在,并且,外资也倾向于向相对挤出效应大的行业进行投资。     

发展中国家已进入投资时代

近期，《日本经济新闻》发表了题为世界进入发展中国家投资时代的文章，标题高度概括了目前世界投资经济发展的特点。二战前的欧洲经济一直领跑着世界经济，欧洲经济的发展水平几乎就代表了世界经济的发展水平，第二次世界大战的爆发打破了这种格局。20世纪以来，尤其是冷战结束后，复苏的世界经济大规模地推进了全球化、市场化和信息化。世界经济的高速增长推动了金融市场与石油市场的全球化，导致了资本汇聚到美国，加速了美国的生产、贸易和消费的全球网络化建设，美国开始引领世界经济。     

我国对外直接投资问题及对策

随着我国经济的发展,企业已拥有到国外发展的优势条件,研究我国对外直接投资战略,积极开拓国际市场和利用外国资源,增强我国经济发展的后劲与动力,加快我国企业“走出去”战略的步伐,有重要的现实意义。