知识产权、基本要素与技术标准化合作

技术标准是高技术等产业竞争与合作的基本要素；知识产权是技术标准化竞争与合作的基本要素；在技术标准化过程中，基本知识产权起着关键作用，决定标准化联盟及其结构．而主导企业的知识产权战略也影响重大。研究这些机理及其规律对于在我国发展自主知识产权，推动高技术产业的标准化合作，促进产业技术进步具有重要意义和深刻启示。     

我国轿车工业的产业组织分析

本文以产业组织理论中哈佛学派的SCP范式为基本分析框架，考察我国轿车工业的产业组织状况，认为其市场结构是基于政府规制的寡占型结构，纵向一体化程度较高，市场行为体现为更多的合作性而非竞争性，但是，在入世后竞争有加剧的趋势，而相应的市场绩效为相对效率低下，技术进步和产品创新乏力，但是各寡头厂商仍可以维持较高的利润率，在此基础上，提出了一些产业组织政策建议。     

论技术标准化与产业标准战略

在经济全球化和信息技术发展的背景下，技术标准已经成为高技术产业市场竞争的战略工具。网络效应的存在加剧了技术标准的竞争，而企业联盟则是企业参与标准竞争的重要形式。由于技术标准化与知识产权制度的非对称安排，技术标准的专利化趋势在给跨国公司带来重大战略利益的同时，也对专利缺乏的发展中国家企业产生了不利影响。政府在技术标准化过程中的作用主要体现在，通过制定产业技术政策和竞争政策，提高本国产业和企业的技术标准竞争力。我国产业标准战略的核心问题是要建立起基于企业联盟的技术标准形成机制。     

2004年《中国工业经济》总目录

国民经济运行西藏经贸改革中的民间投资与产业深化……………………………………………………朱玲(1.5)私有协议与标准化的知识产权政策………………………………………………………夏先良(1.12)论工业的适度快速增长………………………………………………………………………吕政(2.5)产业融合中的市场结构及其行为方式分析………………………………………………周振华(2.11)长江三角洲地区的产业同构及产业定位…………………………………………………陈建军(2.19)当前宏观经济形势及政策取向分析………………………………………………………     

我国自然垄断产业市场化改革的几个关键问题研究

近20年来，放松管制、引入竞争、产权私有已成为世界各国自然垄断产业市场化改革的主导趋势，与此同时，我国在相关领域的改革也已展开。本文对改革过程中亟需解决的有关市场开放的路径选择、产权改革与市场结构调整相适应、市场开放后的管制变革以及独立监管和依法监管等关键性问题进行了论述，并提出了一些有针对性的建议。     

自然垄断产业市场结构重组的目标、模式与政策实践

为促进自然垄断产业的有效竞争 ,提高经济效率 ,许多国家都对自然垄断产业实行市场结构重组政策。本文将探讨自然垄断产业市场结构重组的基本目标 ,5种主要市场结构重组模式及其特点 ,并分析一些经济发达国家和中国在自然垄断产业实行市场结构重组的政策实践。     

产业集群生命周期演化机理研究

产业集群是在一定区域范围内由附加值生产链连接起来的众多企业及相关辅助机构呈网络型态的集合,是一种介于市场和企业的生产性制度安排,往往代表着区域的核心竞争能力。自20世纪80年代起,产业集群陆续出现在世界各地,以其独特的组织形态赢得了原子式竞争中单个企业难以获取的竞争优势,如市场议价优势、区域营销优势、融资优势、人力资源优势、信息获得优势及研发创新优势等,     

垄断性产业市场结构重组后的分类管制与协调政策--以中国电信、电力产业为例

20世纪80年代以来，许多国家都采取不同方式，在不同程度上对垄断性产业实行市场结构重组政策。国内外有关经验证明，垄断性产业的这种改革效果，在相当程度上取决于市场结构重组后政府所制定并实施的分类管制与协调政策的有效性。本文以中国电信、电力产业为例，简要分析垄断性产业的市场结构重组及其面临的问题，着重讨论市场结构重组后垄断性产业的分类管制与协调政策问题。     

行业的产业特性与政策导向(一)

在微观经济学里,按厂商之间的竞争程度,市场被划分为完全竞争市场、垄断市场、寡头市场和垄断竞争市场。相应地,企业类型、产业类型可以分为竞争性行业、垄断行业和垄断竞争行业。所谓垄断行业,即只有一个厂商经营的行业,如国家邮政、国家电网等;寡头行业即只有少数几个厂商,如移动通讯等;垄断竞争行业厂商数量较多,但一些较大的厂商占有较大的市场份额,如家电、汽车、电脑、化纤原料等行业就是这种情况。除此之外,一般的行业都是竞争性行业,即单个企业的进入与退出以及市场行为对整个市场和社会造成冲击的行业。在垄断产业与高度竞争产业之间的中间层次,即垄断竞争产业,竞争程度主要与厂商的数量有     

双边市场下大型零售商的竞争策略研究

本文研究双边市场中大型零售商的竞争性策略,大型零售商为双边市场中的平台厂商。研究发现,大型零售商会在竞争初期采用优惠手段吸引大量消费者,以利用交叉网络外部性在市场竞争中占据优势;基于利润最大化的目的,大型零售商会对交叉网络外部性较大的一方,即消费者采取低价策略,而对交叉网络外部性较小的一方,即供应商采取高收费策略。大型零售商收取的通道费和制定的零售加价补偿了其部分服务成本,并进行了市场中外部性的重新分配。     

The latecomer strategy for global ICT standardization: Indigenous innovation and its dilemma

This article reviews China׳s changing standardization strategies amidst the standards competitions that take place both domestically in China and globally. The relevant policies in China now support indigenous innovation, particularly in the information and communication technologies (ICT) industry by using standards, encourage domestic firms to patent their standard-related technologies, and promote innovation-oriented inter-firm alliances. The three cases examined illustrate the challenges that the Chinese government faces in implementing the policies. Most of all, while the government has actively promoted indigenous innovation as a latecomer strategy for global standardization, there are possibilities of clash with the international norms for free competition and economic liberalization which China is supposed to comply with. There are also oppositions from those domestic firms that mainly export products compliant with the international standards set by advanced countries, and from local authorities that support those firms. The demands for international compliance are often strengthened by multinationals importing products compliant with the international standards. These clashes and oppositions give a dilemma to the policy makers who want to push the standardization strategy based on indigenous innovation.     

The effects of standardization process on competition: An event study of the standardization process in the US cable modem market

This paper assesses the effect of standardization on competition in the US cable modem market. The standardization process in this market has involved two competing standardization groups, a commercial consortium (Multimedia Cable Network System Partners Ltd) and an official organization (the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers working group IEEE 802.14). In such circumstances, standardization related activities might affect competition both within a standardization group and between standards. The paper distinguishes between these effects based on firms’ membership in standardization groups, and uses event study methodology to assess the effects of standardization activities on competition as perceived by investors. The results imply that not all consortium-led standardization activities were perceived to increase inter-firm competition.     

Information and communication technology in the real estate industry: productivity,industry structure and market efficiency

This survey of changes in the real estate industry due to information and communication technology (ICT) covers three areas: (a) A brief survey of ICT applications in the property industry, (b) speculation about implications for market structure and productivity within the real estate industry, and (c) comments on the wider macroeconomic implications of these changes. Improvements in information and productivity may lead to important long-run changes in business processes and industry structure tending to favour larger firms and promoting specialization of functions. Changing the information structure of real estate decision systems could change system dynamics and improve allocative efficiency. On the other hand, under different institutional arrangements, better information could increase the amplitude of real estate cycles and destabilize economies.     

开放平台与所有权平台的竞争:网络效应与策略选择

开放平台（标准）的出现给所有权平台带来很大冲击，也给经济学家提出了挑战．这种免费的资源提供的动机何在？它对创新活动有何影响？它会如何影响市场竞争的结果？本文提供了一个分析开放平台和所有权平台（双寡）竞争的理论模型，在考虑网络效应以及所有权平台拥有者的兼容策略选择等情形下。分析了不同平台的目标和均衡策略选择。在此基础上。我们还拓展分析了社会对不同产业结构（开放＋所有权VS所有权＋所有权）的选择激励．结果发现不同的参数设定会得到不同的结论。     

抢占标准制高点推动我国石油地质实验技术上水平

结合中油股份公司石油地质实验标准化工作实际，分析了石油企业实施“出海”战略所面临的标准问题，指出争夺石油地质实验标准就是争夺石油企业未来的资源市场，掌握了标准就等于掌握了市场的主动权。石油企业要提升企业竞争力，就必须高度重视标准化工作。     

竞争政策强化及产业政策转型影响市场效率的机理研究——兼论有效市场与有为政府

中国特色社会主义市场经济建设需要有效市场和有为政府更好结合,其中的一个重要途径是强化竞争政策基础地位,推进产业政策从选择性向普惠化、功能性转型。竞争政策强化与产业政策转型具有内在关联性,二者相互配合,共同促进有效市场形成。本文构建了基于竞争成功函数和共容利益假设的政企互动模型,研究发现:竞争政策和功能性产业政策有利于提升市场竞争效率,而选择性产业政策会降低市场竞争效率;功能性产业政策在一定程度上能起到弥补市场失灵的作用,体现了有为政府的积极作用。进一步考虑非对称市场竞争时发现,竞争政策可以同时兼顾提升市场竞争效率和分配效率两项目标,而选择性产业政策在两项目标上相互掣肘、由此强化竞争政策的优势凸显。本文理论模型的结论表明,有为政府应强化竞争政策基础地位,为产业政策转型创造良好的市场环境,加快选择性产业政策向功能性产业政策转型,放宽市场准入,持续推行公平竞争审查制度,维护和促进有效市场。良好的经济运行秩序需要有效市场减轻政府管控压力、有为政府简政放权营造良好市场环境,实现有效市场和有为政府更好结合。     

Endogenous Network Formation in Patent Contests And Its Role as A Barrier to Entry

In a setting of R&D competition, we study how collaboration affects strategic decisions during a patent contest, and how the latter influences the collaboration network structures the firms can form. We use an all pay auction approach to endogenize both network formation and R&D intensities, and to take heterogeneous and private valuations for patents into account. We find that the complete network is not always the only pairwise stable one. The other stable networks have the realistic property that some firms drop out of the contest. Thus, ‘weak’ cooperation can serve as a barrier to entry on the market for innovation.     

Uncovering institutional orientation as a new strategic orientation in industrial marketing

The environment of industrial markets is highly institutionalized, and research has documented different types of institutional work conducted by firms. However, the way in which individuals within organizations perceive and conduct such work is not well-understood. In this paper, we adopt the “inhabited institutions” approach to study how business-to-business managers experience the institutional work conducted by their companies as a strategic orientation. In-depth interviews with 34 managers reveal that institutional orientation is composed of three dimensions: the key institutional customers concept, institutional embeddedness, and market legitimacy. In addition, our study uncovers the relationships among these dimensions. The article concludes with the theoretical implications of the research as well as with a discussion regarding how a culture of institutional work, i.e., institutional orientation, can be instrumental in enhancing the performance of BtoB firms.     

红色战略还是灰色战略——针对我国制度转型中企业战略迷失的实证研究

我国制造业公司目前陷入了战略迷失:在重视市场的红色战略和利用正式制度漏洞来寻租的灰色战略两者之间应该选择哪一个?基于我国的制度转型情境,我们采用战略均衡三角理论,通过我国制造业所有上市公司2000—2010年15620个公司年的数据,研究了近十年制度转型过程中企业战略迷失问题的形成以及作用机制。研究表明,政府不正确的、过度的干预,不仅会影响企业行为的获利回报,而且会导致企业战略行为选择的错位。同时指出,在战略均衡的三角中,制度观视角比产业观、资源观视角更能够解释我国企业的战略行为,且与后两者属于不同维度。本研究加深了人们对我国企业关系型战略、战略与商务模式匹配、政府角色等问题的理解。