信息不对称、董事会特征与管理层盈余预告披露选择——基于我国A股上市公司2004-2007年数据的实证检验

利用2004年1季度-2007年4季度我国A股上市公司样本数据.本文检验了信息不对称程度、董事会特征与管理层盈余预告选择的关系.结果发现:(1)管理层盈余预告值表达方式精确程度及及时性均随着董事会规模增大及董事会会议频率提高而降低;随着独立董事比例提高,管理层盈余预告值表达方式越精确.(2)在考虑信息不对称程度交互作用后,董事会会议频率与管理层盈余预告值表达方式的精确程度之间负相关程度,以及独立董事比例与管理层盈余预告值表达方式的精确程度的正相关程度,均随着信息不对称程度提高而提高;董事会规模对管理层盈余预告偏差的作用程度,以及独立董事比例对管理层盈余预告偏差的作用程度,都会因信息不对称程度变化而不同.     

Information Asymmetry and Quarterly Disclosure Decisions by Firms: Evidence From the Tokyo Stock Exchange

This study investigates whether the new quarterly disclosure reporting requirement issued by the Tokyo Stock Exchange was related to the reduction of the degree of private information‐based trade and the liquidity of listed stocks in Japan, or as a reverse causality, helped dichotomize good firms and bad firms as a separating signaling equilibrium. We use the probability of asymmetric information‐based trade (Adjusted PIN) as a measure of information asymmetry and the probability of symmetric order‐flow shock (PSOS) as a measure of market illiquidity. We use a sample of public firms from 2002 to 2007 that chose to either disclose or not disclose quarterly financial reports. We find that the disclosing firms had lower information asymmetry (Adjusted PIN), lower symmetric order‐flow shocks (PSOS), and lower private information‐based trade (PIN). When we conduct further difference‐in‐differences tests, we find that the firms with lower information asymmetry and higher liquidity had a higher tendency to disclose their financial statements and vice versa. Thus, the new disclosure requirement did not necessarily improve the information asymmetry and liquidity of firms, but instead helped good and bad firms form a case for a separating signaling equilibrium.     

Chief executive officer ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure

This study explores the impact of CEO ability on corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. We take samples from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and use the ordinary least squares as a baseline regression model to check the relationship between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. Our findings are robust to different corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure measures and CEO ability. We found a positive association between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure; thus, firms with a more able CEO are more likely to disclose more corporate environmental sustainability information. Our results also found a significant negative interaction coefficient between CEO ability and CEO career concerns. As the CEO grows older, his/her ability decreases; therefore, corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure reduces. Furthermore, we document that a female CEO strengthens the relationship between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. The study results are important for understanding corporate environmental responsibility development and implementation, particularly in China.     

Disclosing elements of disclosure: a test of legitimacy theory and company ethics

This paper focuses on some of the ethical issues related to voluntary disclosure of qualitative information by Canadian public companies. Drawing on various organizational theories, we examine some of the ways that companies can symbolically manage legitimacy through disclosure. Press releases of a sample of companies that received cease‐trading orders were analysed for their use of language. We found that high‐risk companies attempted to manage legitimacy by selectively releasing information and by using ambiguous language. Moreover, some companies behaved unethically by using language that suggested a positive future despite the imminent release of a cease‐trading order. These findings have implications for organizational and accounting theorists and stakeholders in the corporate, fiduciary, and investment communities. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

证券市场强制信息披露的理论思考

随着证券市场的发展,信息披露制度越来越受到人们的广泛关注。追溯证券市场信息披露制度演变,在回顾已有的强制和自愿披露两种理论观点的基础上提出理论思考,信息不对称所导致的“逆向选择”和“道德风险”是证券市场强制信息披露存在的根本理由,并对我国信息披露制度提出建议。     

试论公司治理与会计信息披露

会计信息披露通过缓解管理层与投资者之间的信息不对称,从而达到抑制管理层机会主义行为的目的,因而在公司治理机制中发挥着基础性作用。在此基础上,文章将会计信息披露的均衡理解为满足公司治理所需的会计信息披露质量的均衡。由于存在契约成本、信息成本以及第三方审计失灵等问题,市场不可能自动实现会计信息披露的均衡,政府管制成为保障会计信息披露质量的必要手段。在我国社会主义主市场经济条件下,借鉴国际经验,健全以公司治理为导向的会计信息披露政府管制体系,对于保证会计信息质量、完善公司治理机制、提高资本市场效率都有十分重要的作用。     

上市公司盈利预测信息自愿披露悖论:提出与解读

本文提出了一个关于上市公司盈利预测信息自愿性披露的悖论。该悖论的发现和解读表明,上市公司自愿披露盈利预测信息对减少信息不对称、增加财务信息的有用性具有重要意义。同时,自愿披露盈利预测信息对改善与投资者关系、降低上市公司的融资成本有着正面效应。然而,披露成本的存在使得公司管理层不得不在自愿披露的收益与成本之间反复斟酌,并且盈利预测信息的供求结构、资本市场的竞争强度以及经理人市场发展水平等对上市公司披露盈利预测信息的意愿程度也会产生重要影响。     

Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

This study examines the impact of mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting on firms’ financial reporting quality using a quasi-natural experiment in China that mandates a subset of firms to report their CSR activities starting in 2008. We find that mandatory CSR disclosure firms constrain earnings management after the policy. The result is robust to a battery of sensitivity tests and more prominent for firms with lower analyst coverage. Further analyses reveal that upward earnings management by mandatory disclosure firms is more likely to be caught after the policy. The findings suggest that mandatory CSR disclosure mitigates information asymmetry by improving financial reporting quality.     

会计信息披露过剩:评价与启示

美国财务会计准则委员会的公认会计原则和美国证券交易委员会的系列规则共同构成了美国资本市场的信息披露制度体系。这一体系中存在的披露过剩问题在近20年来不断遭到人们的批评。现阶段,我国有很多准则没有制定出来,完全可以采纳SEC提出的效率化、简单化和现代化的观点,来制定能够反映我国经济实质的准则和信息披露规范。     

环境信息披露网络特征及其对农业绿色全要素生产率影响

开放经济下区域互动性提高，考察一个地区环境政策对农业经济效率的影响必须置身于与其他地区的关系网络中。基于2008—2019年重点城市污染源监管信息公开指数(PITI)，采用社会网络分析方法考察了中国环境信息披露网络的整体结构，从网络点出度、点入度和耦合度三方面对各省在网络中的特征进行刻画，并采用空间计量模型检验环境信息披露网络特征对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响。发现中国环境信息披露网络结构演化是一个渐变过程，网络密度逐年上升，具有较强的自稳定性。网络点出度、点入度和耦合度对农业绿色全要素生产率具有显著、稳健的提升作用。文章证实了环境信息披露网络特征对农业发展绩效的潜在影响，对从空间层面更好评估环境政策的经济效应具有重要启示。     

环境信息披露对上市公司企业价值的影响——“组织可见度”是否起到中介作用

我国现行企业环境信息披露政策下,企业对于信息披露的方式、时间等有很大的自由裁量权力。因此,企业这一社会责任的自觉履行需要企业价值最大化等动机支撑,但其作用机理是否有效,投资者的关注度及解读尤为重要,亦即“组织可见度”在环境信息披露对企业价值的影响中扮演重要角色。本文以我国化工行业上市公司2013-2017年样本,实证检验环境信息披露对企业价值的影响,并依次从分析师关注水平和媒体关注水平两个角度衡量组织可见度,检验其是否具有中介效应,并分析所有权性质差异下的不同结果。结果表明:环境信息披露能提升企业价值,组织可见度在环境信息披露对企业价值的影响过程中发挥了部分中介效应。进一步研究发现,当使用分析师关注水平衡量组织可见度时,该中介作用只体现在国有企业中;当使用媒体关注度衡量组织可见度时候,该中介作用在两种类型的企业中均只得到了部分体现。企业环境信息披露政策本意是通过其影响企业的市值表现促进企业更好地履行其环境社会责任,本文通过揭示其中组织可见度的中介作用,有助于启示企业对其市值管理、有关管理部门对企业履行环境社会责任引导时的操作思路。     

Give or Take on the Internet: An Examinationof the Disclosure Practices of Insurance Firm Web Innovators

Theories of corporate social responsibility suggest that there ought to be a balance between what business takes from society and what it gives back in return. Recently, the practice literature within the insurance industry has been heavily pushing for the development of the Internet as a tool for commerce while virtually ignoring the role it could play in terms of information disclosure to stakeholders. This study examines whether insurance firms themselves reflect this emphasis, or whether companies that are industry leaders with respect to web innovation for product marketing are also leaders in using the web for information disclosure. A study of the web pages for 40 property and casualty firms drawn from Franzis (2000), shows that financial disclosure for the overall sample is at best moderate. The disclosure of social responsibility information on these web pages is quite low, on average. Further, and importantly from a social balance perspective, the web innovators in terms of product marketing are not industry leaders in terms of information disclosure.     

The Association between Disclosure,Distress, and Failure

The quality of corporate disclosures has drawn increasing levels of criticism from Congress and the SEC. A subject of particularly intense scrutiny and action is the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A). This narrative, intended to provide an inside perspective on the reported results of the firm, is particularly important when attempting to evaluate the investment prospects of the marginal or poorly performing firm. However, managers may restrict the information content of the disclosure, raising potential concerns about ethical behavior. In this study, we employ a proprietary instrument to measure the quality of MD&A disclosures for a sample of firms entering financial distress. We evaluate the disclosure behavior of these firms in an effort to determine whether changes in the disclosure appear to be motivated primarily by economic or ethical concerns. We find, on average, that firms increase disclosure quality in the year of initial distress. However, sustained increases in disclosure quality are limited to firms that subsequently recover from the distress. The results suggest that observed changes in disclosure are driven primarily by economic considerations, rather than ethical ones, especially in good economic times.     

Factors Influencing Social Responsibility Disclosure by Portuguese Companies

This study compares the Internet (corporate web pages) and annual reports as media of social responsibility disclosure (SRD) and analyses what influences disclosure. It examines SRD on the Internet by Portuguese listed companies in 2004 and compares the Internet and 2003 annual reports as disclosure media. The results are interpreted through the lens of a multi-theoretical framework. According to the framework adopted, companies disclose social responsibility information to present a socially responsible image so that they can legitimise their behaviours to their stakeholder groups and influence the external perception of reputation. Results suggest that a theoretical framework combining legitimacy theory and a resource-based perspective provides an explanatory basis for SRD by Portuguese listed companies.     

中国资本市场会计信息披露制度的缺失分析

中国资本市场信息披露制度主要是基于上市公司的会计信息披露制度,其在证券立法、法律责任主体、信息披露规则的制定及实物操作等方面还存在着缺陷与不足。应提高责任主体的法律风险成本,进一步修订和完善《企业会计准则》,注重解决可操作性、前瞻性与可行性,完善信息披露规则。     

我国信息披露对资本结构影响问题探析

我国证券市场日益规范,有关信息披露问题的研究日趋深入,作为信息披露经济后果的重要体现,信息披露质量的提高,有助于完善各项法律法规,有助于减少信息不对称,降低资本成本,进一步影响资本结构的选择。     

Financial disclosure by SMEs listed on a semi-regulated market: evidence from the Euronext Free Market

This study investigates the financial disclosure policy of small and medium-sized enterprises listed on a stock market with very low disclosure requirements: the Free Market of the Euronext Stock Exchange. In contrast to firms listed on a regulated stock market, firms on the Free Market do not have any obligation to disclose periodic or price-sensitive information. We investigate the determinants of voluntary financial disclosure and its influence on stock liquidity. Our results suggest that firms disclose more financial information when they are likely to benefit from disclosure. Firms especially disclose when they issue equity. Voluntary disclosure also has a significant positive effect on stock liquidity, consistent with disclosure reducing information asymmetry.     

Corporate social responsibility and stock price informativeness: The public interest perspective

In this paper, we propose a new theory that sheds a different light on the potential relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Stock Price Informativeness (PI). More specifically, we explain why a neutral association between CSR and PI can be an indicator of high economic and social welfare, while a positive association can be an indicator of both markets and governments failure. Under a neutral relationship, we argue that mandatory disclosure is getting firms to disclose near their optimal level. Therefore, any voluntary disclosure beyond the mandatory regime (such as CSR disclosure) should not improve PI. We base our hypothesis on public interest theory that suggests that regulators promote the public interest when a market failure is identified. On the other hand, under a positive association between CSR and PI, we argue that regulators do not offer adequate incentives for firms to disclose at their socially optimal levels because the level of voluntary disclosure by socially responsible firms is optimal in comparison to the level of mandatory disclosure provided by other firms with weak CSR engagement.     

Geography and capital structure

We investigate the impact of geographic location on firms’ capital structure decisions. We find strong evidence that location of a firm influences its capital structure. In particular, we find that centrally located firms have lower leverage ratios than do remotely located ones. Moreover, consistent with the hypothesis that those remotely located firms face more severe adverse selection problems, the effect of geographic location on capital structure is more pronounced when information asymmetry is higher. We further examine alternative explanations of the negative relation between firm geographic proximity and capital structure and show that the financial constraint effect and industry clustering effect do not explain our results. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

责任主体行为规范与提高上市公司会计信息披露质量

成熟而开放的证券市场离不开高水平的会计信息披露。而我国目前会计造假案件层出不穷,充分说明了我国会计信息披露质量令人担忧。通过对上市公司会计信息披露中存在的问题进行分析,将上市公司、中介机构、证券监管机构界定为低质量会计信息披露的责任主体,拟通过规范责任主体的行为来提高上市公司会计信息披露的质量。