信息不对称理论下的我国担保机构运作模式选择

中小企业在我国的国民经济中发挥着举足轻重的作用,担保机构作为解决中小企业融资难的有效手段正成为理论研究的重点。本文应用信息不对称理论,分析中小企业融资难的本质原因,进而分析担保机构在解决融资难问题的运作机制,并比较不同形式的贷款信用担保机构,最终得出结论,互助性担保机构是我国担保机构运作模式的最优选择。     

浅析中小企业融资渠道存在的问题及原因

中小企业的资金问题在我国表现形式为融资难。这与银行高度商业化以及中小企业的自身缺陷密不可分,中小企业融资难主要是“信息不对称”,再有中小企业贷款金额小、时间急、次数频繁,这使得商业银行的审查监督成本和收益不对称,降低了银行在中小企业贷款方面的积极性。因此,我国的大型商业银行应改善对中小企业金融服务,建立中小企业金融体系。不仅如此,我国还应坚持不懈地完善征信体系以及相关法律制度等一系列有利于中小企业的全方位的金融体系。     

破解我国中小企业信贷融资难的对策

学术界就中小企业信贷融资难的问题进行了广泛研究。笔者认为，问题的根源在于银行和民营企业间的信息不对称。首先，信息不对称使银行出于成本效益考虑而惜贷。其次，信息不对称也将使中小企业面临信贷配给的困境。再次，在契约不完全和银行监督非有效时提高贷款利率，道德陷阱的存在可能把中小企业吸引到高风险项目上去。     

中小企业融资与信用理财产品开发研究

＂融资难＂问题是制约中小企业发展的重要瓶颈,＂只贷不存＂和＂信息不对称＂让小额贷款公司和商业银行分别陷入了自己向中小企业贷款的相对困境。通过信用理财产品,可以将小额贷款公司和商业银行的优势互补,降低信息不对称成本和交易成本,从而解决中小企业的融资困难问题。     

宁波市召开银企洽谈会:破解中小企业信贷融资难题

融资难是制约中小企业发展的瓶颈。信息不对称、中小企业资信等级低、缺乏抵押资产等是导致中小企业融资难的主要原因。因贷款交易和监控成本高等原因,银行也不愿对中小企业放贷。中小企业融资难不仅抑制了中小企业的创新活力、大大制约了中小企业的发展,也不利于引导和激发全社会的创业热情和积极性,延缓我国社会经济发展的进程。     

宁波市召开银企洽谈会:破解中小企业信贷融资难题

融资难是制约中小企业发展的瓶颈.信息不对称、中小企业资信等级低、缺乏抵押资产等是导致中小企业融资难的主要原因.因贷款交易和监控成本高等原因,银行也不愿对中小企业放贷.中小企业融资难不仅抑制了中小企业的创新活力、大大制约了中小企业的发展,也不利于引导和激发全社会的创业热情和积极性,延缓我国社会经济发展的进程.     

中小企业融资难的经济分析——基于信息不对称的视角

融资难问题是制约我国中小企业进一步发展的瓶颈．而困扰中小企业融资难的根本原因,在于中小企业与金融机构之间存在严重的信息不对称。文章通过对信息不对称导致的逆向选择和道德风险给中小企业融资行为和融资特征造成的影响分析,从中小企业的融资环境、融资基础、融资平台以及融资渠道等视角,提出了破解信息不对称下中小企业融资难的对策。     

我国民营中小企业融资困境及对策分析——以浙江省为例

针对民营中小企业所面临的资信差、贷款难、信息不对称等诸多融资难题,浙江省率先推出了一系列担保创新模式,并提出加快融资平台建设的对策,为解决民营中小企业的融资难问题开辟了切实有效的新途径。     

科技型中小企业融资信息不对称及其破解模型研究

在世界金融危机和我国信贷紧缩政策的影响下,我国科技型中小企业融资难的问题日益突出。首先从3个方面分析了我国科技型中小企业融资信息不对称问题,然后从激励约束机制出发建立了破解信息不对称的模型,最后从企业、金融机构和政府角度提出了缓解信息不对称问题的政策建议。     

中小企业融资中信息不对称问题探讨

中小企业是中国国民经济发展的重要有生力量，融资难问题一直是制约中小企业发展的主要因素之一，信息不对称是主要原因。有效解决融资问题中的信息不对称问题，是个漫长的过程。需要经过政府、商业银行、企业三方不断努力，由于信息不对称引起的中小企业融资难的问题即可得到有效缓解。     

Lending technologies,banking relationships,and firms’ access to credit in Italy: the role of firm size

This paper analyses the role of lending technologies and banking relationships on firms’ credit access in Italy. Using EFIGE firm-level data, we show that the depth and strength of firm–bank relationships have heterogeneous effects on credit demand and rationing probabilities depending on the size of the borrower. Multiple banking relationships alleviate financial constraints for small firms, while borrowing from a large number of lenders hinders access to credit for large companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises with a higher share of debt with the main bank have a lower probability of being credit denied, as debt concentration contributes to overcome the opacity problems typical of the SMEs. Long-lasting relationships, by reducing information asymmetries, significantly improve access to credit for small and large firms. Conversely, we find that medium-sized enterprises are more exposed to financing constraints as relationship duration increases, due to possible lock-in effects. Finally, firms maintaining banking relationships based on transactional technologies are more likely to be credit denied, while the use of relationship lending technologies improves credit availability for both small and large enterprises.     

Jointly issued notes: a financial instrument to improve SME credit worthiness in China

A financial instrument to improve the credit worthiness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), i.e. Jointly Issued Notes (JINs), improves the average credit rating of SMEs by eight notches, from BBB to AA+, thus reducing borrowing cost by 298 basis points. This research note describes the various kinds of JINs, and then analyzes their effect on the credit worthiness of SMEs. We conclude that the JINs successfully facilitate access to credit at lower rates in China.     

Economic effects of positive credit information sharing: the case of Korea

In many countries, in addition to negative credit information such as loan default and arrears, positive credit information is also exchanged on a voluntary and reciprocal basis. Employing optimal credit decision models of profit maximizing banks, and utilizing a unique dataset of 2?million consumer loan obligors in Korea, we investigate the economic effects of sharing positive credit information in addition to negative credit information already exchanged. We find that the discriminatory power of the credit scoring model improves significantly. We proceed to investigate the economic effects of the information gap in a competitive credit market by assuming two representative banks that differ only in the level of credit information sharing. The bank that utilizes negative information only suffers from deterioration of the borrower pool and reduced profit, as high credit risk borrowers are more concentrated on this bank due to underpricing of risks. Our finding suggests that banks have incentives to voluntarily participate in the positive information sharing mechanism, since even a small difference in discriminatory power stemming from the information gap may lead to a significant fall in profitability as the distribution of borrower quality changes endogenously due to adverse selection problems.     

中小企业信贷融资困境的羊群行为分析

国内外学者从信息不对称角度对中小企业信贷融资困境进行了比较深入的研究,也提出了许多有深度的建议与对策。利用行为金融理论来分析中小企业贷款困难的本质原因,通过构建银行经理人效用函数模型,说明银行贷款经理人信贷决策羊群行为是造成中小企业融资困境的内在机理,为中小企业信贷融资困境提供新的理论解释。     

金融生态环境、银行结构与银企关系的贷款效应——基于中小企业的实证研究

以深交所中小企业板上市公司在上市前的数据作为研究样本,本文实证考察了中小企业与银行之间的银企关系对其信贷融资可获性的影响,并在此基础上分析了银行规模与金融生态环境对中小企业的银企关系贷款效应的影响。实证结果显示,银企关系的密切程度对中小企业的信贷融资具有＂正＂向效应;金融生态环境的改善对银企关系的正向贷款效应具有促进作用;但不同规模的银行对银企关系的贷款效应无显著影响。本文的研究结果表明,在我国转轨经济条件下,广泛开展建立在银企关系基础上的关系融资技术有助于缓解中小企业融资难的问题,而金融生态环境的改善有助于此技术的开展,但银行业的市场结构对中小企业信贷融资无显著的影响。本文的研究结论为缓解中小企业融资难的问题提供了经验证据的支持。     

Information sharing and the volume of private credit in transition: Evidence from Ukrainian bank-level panel data

The effect of lenders' information sharing on the volume of credit is ambiguous in theory and underexplored empirically. Departing from the scant existing literature, which draws on country-level aggregate data, we study the impact of information sharing on the volume of private credit by examining unique bank-level panel data from Ukraine, a transition economy where information sharing among banks is only a recent phenomenon. Employing the fixed-effects framework and dynamic panel methods to address endogeneity due to the non-exogenous nature of banks' choice to participate in information sharing, we find no credit volume effect of information sharing when information sharing takes place through the central bank-administered public credit registry. In contrast, information sharing through private credit bureaus is associated with an increase in the volume of bank lending, in particular when a bank is partner of multiple private credit bureaus. This effect is robust and non-negligible in magnitude.     

创新型中小企业与商业银行的演化博弈及信贷稳定策略研究

创新型中小企业融资难由来已久,特别是在以间接融资为主的金融环境下如何明晰银企关系,形成与之匹配的信贷策略,是化解企业融资约束的关键。本文首先建立银企演化博弈的理论框架,对创新型中小企业与商业银行的信贷行为演化过程及演化稳定性标准进行探讨,并从创新风险与监管奖惩两个维度构建银企演化博弈模型,分析两类群体在长期信贷博弈中的演化稳定策略。结果表明,银企双方均对高收益策略有模仿倾向,但创新型中小企业在与银行的长期合作中会对少数企业的违约行为具有抵御性;研发创业期企业所受融资约束最高,当且仅当创新成功率高于最小下限时,商业银行才考虑与企业发生信贷关系;政府、信用担保等外部力量与内生要素的相互制衡对实现银企信贷稳定状态具有重要作用。     

中小企业联保贷款的信誉博弈分析

本文在考察中小企业的违约信用成本、群体特点、经营环境的基础上,构建了一个中小企业联保贷款的信誉博弈分析框架,讨论了银行如何通过设置信誉成本将银行与企业之间的贷款—还款博弈转化为联保贷款成员企业之间的信誉博弈来降低信用风险的机制。研究结果表明:有效的信誉成本是开展中小企业联保贷款的制度基础;信誉成本主要体现为企业违约后丧失联保企业集团内部交易资格所引致的机会成本;银行的激励条件内生地决定了联保贷款的市场风险边界;银行在开展多元联保贷款时需要在拓展市场风险阈值和潜在信用风险之间进行权衡,以确定最佳的联保贷款成员规模。     

Credit information sharing and banking crises: An empirical investigation

We study the effect of credit information sharing on the likelihood of banking crises using a comprehensive cross-country dataset for the period from 1975 to 2006. The empirical analysis shows that credit information sharing reduces the likelihood of banking crises and it does more so in low income countries. The effect is statistically and economically significant, and applies to both public registries and private bureaus. Furthermore, we show that credit information sharing reduces the impact of rapid credit growth on banking crises. Specifically, rapid credit growth is less likely to lead to a banking crisis in countries with credit information sharing.     

银行业结构影响中小企业信贷能力? ——基于分层线性模型实证

中小企业融资问题引起了我国普遍关注。基于wind数据库,利用分层线性模型考察了企业规模与银行业结构对中小企业信贷能力的影响,并引入了商业信用环境变量,研究不同商业信用环境下,该影响是否会发生变化。研究发现,企业规模越大,银行业结构越分散,企业信贷能力越强,但该影响程度随着商业信用环境的提高而减弱。本研究对于如何提高中小企业信贷能力具有重要参考意义。