电子商务公开密钥体系的新思考

为了保障网络中数据通信的安全、网上用户身份的识别和电子商务、电子政务中网上交易的安全,介绍了公开密钥加密体系(PKI)和数字签名,介绍了有效的数字签名方法,并介绍了局域网中文件加密和数字签名系统的管理与应用.     

椭圆曲线机制在电子商务安全技术中的应用

经过10多年的研究,椭圆曲线密码体制作为一种新兴的加密及身份认证技术,以其自身的多项特点,开始从学术理论研究阶段逐步走向实际应用阶段,成为目前最有前途的一种公钥密码体系,极有可能成为现存公钥密码体系RSA的替代者,在电子商务中有着广泛的应用前景。本文介绍椭圆曲线密码体制及其在密钥交换、加密和数字签名方面的应用,并在开发的基于椭圆密码体制数字签名的电子商务安全认证模拟平台中得到了验证,取得了较好的效果。     

浅谈电子商务的安全策略

本文针对电子商务中的安全性需求和安全威胁,详细探讨了电子商务的安全策略,包括加密、数字签名、电子证书等。     

电子商务中的身份认证技术及实现

电子商务的安全问题是电子商务发展的核心问题。本文针对电子商务的安全问题,分析了基于CA体系的电子商务安全体系结构。深入阐述了CA安全技术中的加解密技术、CA数字证书技术、数字信封、数字签名技术,以及电子商务中的信息加密和身份认证的一般过程,并对数字签名过程用JAVA进行了实现。     

电子商务中SET协议安全技术浅析

电子商务的实施,其关键是要保证整个商务过程中交易的安全性,其中,安全电子交易协议(SET)是实现安全交易的一项重要保障。本文展示了SET协议的工作流程,介绍了SET中采用的公开密钥加密、双重签名、数字签名、数字信封等主要技术,并解析了这些技术实现安全电子交易的原理。     

浅析电子商务中的信息安全技术

在电子商务交易中,人们最关注的是交易过程的安全性。如何保障交易过程的安全性成了银行、商家在网络环境中首先要解决的问题,在众多的解决方案中,对大多数使用者来说并不需要理解深奥的技术与算法问题,他们只关心这种技术能不能保障他们在网上消费的安全?这种安全又是如何来保障的?因此,本文从大多数使用者角度探讨电子商务交易中的安全技术,介绍了对称式加密法、非对称式加密法、数字签名技术、SSL与SET安全协议,从而使人们对商务交易安全有较深入的认识。     

基于数字签名和数字水印的离线电子支付系统

基于数字签名和数字水印技术，提出了一种安全的离线电子支付系统。该系统能防止重复消费、可以较好地模拟传统现金的直接交易功能。采用加密处理，数字签名验证和数字水印内容认证，使得整个系统具有认证精度高、可信度高和安全性强的特点。     

高校校园网安全防护技术分析

基于高校校园网的广泛应用及随之而来安全问题日益突出这一事实,着重从病毒防护技术、防火墙技术、信息加密和数字签名技术等几方面,就高校校园网安全防护技术这个课题,进行了较为深入的分析和探讨。     

RSA公钥密码体制在通信保密中的作用及其安全机制

本文论述了ＲＳＡ公钥密码体制在通信保密中的作用以及算法原理，实现数据加密、数字签名、身份识别和密钥分配的过程，并就其安全机制进行了一些探讨．     

现代电子商务网站的网络安全控制研究

网络开放性风险构成了对电子商务的严重威胁,这就对相应的安全控制提出了更高的要求.系统安全包括信息保密、交易者身份和网络系统安全以及应用系统.数据安全包括数据库与存贮数据安全.交易安全基础是现代密码技术,依靠于加密方法和强度.交易安全的实现主要有交易双方身份确认、交易指令及数据加密传输、数据的完整性、防止双方对交易结果的准确性.具体实现的途径是交易各方具有相关身份证实,同时在SSL协议体系下完成交易过程中电子证书验证、数字签名、指令数据的加密传输、交易结果确认审计.     

Beyond clusters: How regional geographic signature affects firm value and risk

Existing studies examining how geography affects firm outcomes primarily consider how clusters affect performance. We examine how regional geographic signature—industry clusters, regional economic diversity, region size, and regional innovativeness—affects firm value and systematic and unsystematic risk using a sample of publicly traded American bank holding companies. After controlling for endogeneity of clusters, we find that locating in large and innovative regions enhances firm value, while locating in clusters and diversifying into many regions reduces value. Clusters reduce systematic risk and increase unsystematic risk, while economic diversity and innovativeness increase systematic risk. Thus, geographic locales exert multifaceted influences on value and risk, and we need to consider more than industry clusters and geographic diversification when considering geographic influence. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工艺信息数字化的特点及关键技术

本文对工艺信息数字化在信息化制造中的地位和作用进行了分析，介绍了工艺信息数字化技术的现状及发展趋势，并在此基础上论述了工艺信息数字化的五项特点及其三个关键技术。     

Phenomenology of Aesthetic Organising--Ways Towards Aesthetically Responsive Organizations

Through explication of a visual research method, this paper theorizes how masculine identity interacts with consumption—of imagery, products, desires, and passions in advertising and consumer culture. We analyze the male body as a discursive “effect” created at the intersection of consumption and several marketing discourses such as advertising, market segmentation, and visual communication, balancing between brand strategy—what the marketer intends—and brand community—the free appropriation of meaning by the market. The paper’s contribution rests in extending previous work on male representation into historical, ontological, and photographic realms, providing a necessary complement between understanding advertising meaning as residing within managerial strategy or wholly subsumed by consumer response. We argue that greater awareness of the connections between the traditions and conventions of visual culture and their impact on the production and consumption of advertising images leads to enhanced ability to understand how advertising works as a representational system and signifying practice.     

Real and financial crises in the Keynes–Kalecki structuralist model: An agent‐based approach

Agent‐based models are inherently microstructures—with their attention to agent behavior in a field context—and only aggregate up to systems with recognizable macroeconomic characteristics. One might ask why the traditional Keynes–Kalecki or structuralist (KKS) model would bear any relationship to the multi‐agent modeling approach. This paper shows how KKS models might benefit from agent‐based microfoundations, without sacrificing traditional macroeconomic themes, such as aggregate demand, animal spirits and endogenous money. Above all, the integration of the two approaches gives rise to the possibility that a KKS system—stable over many consecutive time periods—might lurch into an uncontrollable downturn, from which a recovery would require outside intervention. As a by‐product of the integration of these two popular approaches, there emerges a cogent analysis of the network structure necessary to bind real and financial agents into an integrated whole. It is seen, contrary to much of the existing literature, that a highly connected financial system does not necessarily lead to more crashes of the integrated system.     

Sustaining Inter-organizational Relationships Across Institutional Logics and Power Asymmetries: The Case of Fair Trade

This paper explores an empirical puzzle, namely, how inter-organizational relationships can be sustained between organizations that draw upon distinctive—and potentially conflicting—institutional logics under conditions of power asymmetry. This research analyses cases of these relationships and suggests some key conditions underlying them. Examining relationships between ‘Fair Trade’ organizations and corporate retailers, a series of contingent factors behind the dynamic persistence of such relationships are proposed, namely: the presence of pre-existing ‘hybrid logics’; the use of boundary-spanning discourses; joint tolerance of conflict; and co-creation of common rules. These four elements are supported by a fifth mediating factor, i.e. the presence and use of a Fair Trade certification system in the collaboration. The latter appears as a central vehicle facilitating cross-logic relationships—it can be seen as a ‘boundary object’ embodying a series of narratives and discourses that are open to multiple interpretations corresponding to the dominant institutional logics of each partner organization.     

International Advertising Expenditure Trends

From the early 1990s, marketing literature began to feature a number of articles suggesting that integrated marketing communications (IMC) would have a major impact on advertising as we know it, and on client—advertising agency relationships. A counter-view appeared at that time in the literature suggesting that IMC was nothing more than co-ordinated promotion and that many companies had been doing ‘it’ for some considerable time. More recent articles have lamented that the concept has not been embraced by marketing communications specialists and that implementation has proven difficult. A common definition of IMC—and how it differs from traditional advertising, both in philosophy and in implementation—has not evolved despite considerable academic discussion on the subject. This paper reviews the most comprehensive definitions of IMC and the competing paradigms—‘new’ versus ‘nothing new’—and summarises the results of a recent two-part study that compares the perceptions of clients with those of senior ad agency personnel in New Zealand regarding how and in what ways IMC is developing there.     

Heed Our Advice: Exploring How Professionals Guide Small Business Owners in Start‐Up Entity Choice

There is little work on how attorneys and accountants evaluate new small businesses when giving advice. The focus of this paper is to gain a better understanding of those factors that are important in the practice of advising small business owners on entity choice. We utilize a policy‐capturing methodology to study how attorneys and accountants evaluate the likelihood they would advise a particular entity. Our results suggest that these two categories of advisers appear to prefer different factors when determining the form—a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability companies, or S corporation—small business should take.     

The unintended effects of advertising upon children

Advertising aimed at adults—i.e., concerned with products and services appropriate to adults—is very often seen by children. This paper aims to illustrate when that being advertised is inappropriate to the child audience, message meaning will be gleaned from the peripheral coding mechanisms in the advertising. It is therefore concerned with what children take such advertising to mean. This is a theoretical paper, not concerned with how advertising affects purchase and consumer behaviour in children, but rather with unintended effects that are not manifest in consumption     

Sustainability Balanced Scorecards and their Architectures: Irrelevant or Misunderstood?

In a recent systematic review of the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) literature in this journal, we developed a typology of architectures as a basis for the process of SBSC design, implementation, use, and evolution. This paper addresses a comment by Hahn and Figge (2016) designed to stimulate further research. We argue that the existing literature demonstrates that the SBSC management tool can play an important role in corporate sustainability. The SBSC architectures—as representations of goals and priorities—form an integral and iterative part of the corporate sustainability strategy-making process and therefore cannot be isolated from it. However, the concept as such should not be overloaded (e.g. as a tool for radical change). In this paper, we first reflect on the potentials and constraints of the SBSC in relation to (1) radical or transformational change and (2) measuring performance outcomes on the level of human–earth systems. Second, we discuss the importance of SBSC architecture concerning (1) how it enables the integration of sustainability into business organisations; (2) how both strictly hierarchical cause-and-effect chains and less hierarchical designs can allow companies to seek inclusive profits; and (3) the contingency-based use of generic architectures (i.e. using the sustainability strategy and value system to determine a fitting architecture) in contrast to its use as a diagnostic tool (i.e. the architecture revealing the sustainability strategy and value system).     

A systematic review of the relationship between international diversification and innovation: A firm-level perspective

We conduct a systematic review of the relationship between international diversification (ID) and firm-level innovation (I), considering articles published between 1989 and 2020. The relationship between international diversification and innovation strategies is dynamic and complex, and recent evidence challenges the traditional notion that upgrading firm-specific advantages through technological innovation can be sufficient to guarantee international firm growth and performance. We develop a unified framework that integrates findings from extant ID-I research while also proposing new avenues for further research on topics such as: how firms deal with potentially conflicting ID-I goals, how underlying firm motives shape the interactions between these goals, and how new technologies and institutional dynamism increasingly influence the ID-I relationship. We also discuss how and why the new contexts in which decisions are made, together with the prevalence of relatively newer types of firms (e.g., those associated with global value chains, latest wave of emerging market multinationals, digitalized service MNEs), require a more modern conceptualization of the ID-I relationship.