领导－部属交换、领导自尊与组织公民行为——来自中国大陆的实证数据

已有文献主要集中于领导一部属交换与员工组织公民行为的关系研究,而对两者之间的中介变量的研究却很少。本文通过问卷调查和分析200对中国大陆民营企业的领导者及员工的配对样本,试图研究领导一部属交换对员工组织公民行为的影响机制,尤其是领导自尊在其中的中介作用。研究结果表明,领导一部属交换与员工的组织公民行为显著正相关,领导自尊在两者之间起完全中介作用。     

成员间信息共享对渠道经销商的绩效影响

随着渠道成员间建立战略联盟性关系趋势不断加强,信息共享成为提高渠道绩效的关键因素。本文选取海尔公司部分家电经销商为研究对象,构建了信息共享、关系信任、关系满意、关系承诺及渠道绩效之间的理论模型,利用结构方程模型对信息共享影响渠道绩效的机制进行实证研究。结果表明,信息共享对渠道绩效有直接正向影响;关系信任、关系满意、关系承诺在信息共享对渠道绩效的影响中起到部分中介作用。     

国内外嵌入性研究述评

对现有国内外嵌入性研究进行了评述。指出:目前嵌入性的概念内涵已较为成熟;一些学者综合社会资本和社会网络研究,对嵌入型的概念构成提出了不同的维度划分方式,多数学者从不同侧面探讨了嵌入性与企业活动的关系;现有研究的不足主要体现为,不同层面的研究没有有效交融、嵌入性与企业活动间联系研究的系统性有待开发、一些社会网络研究方法等无法被充分应用于此方面的研究中。     

Additional evidence on inflation variability: The experience of asian countries

The relationship between inflation and its variability has been examined by using time series data for eight Asian Countries. It is found that this relationship also holds for countries which have enjoyed a period of long price stability. Furthermore, this relationship also holds for highly industrialized countries.     

高科技新创企业网络跨度与绩效的倒U型关系研究

由于网络关系管理和利用的复杂性以及组织资源、能力的限制，网络跨度与新创企业绩效之间的线性关系不断受到质疑。借鉴社会资本理论和能力观，考察网络跨度与新创企业绩效之间的关系本质，以及网络响应能力在上述关系中的重要作用。基于187份中国高科技新创企业数据，利用多元调节回归方法的实证结果表明，网络跨度与新创企业绩效间存在倒U型关系，网络响应能力在网络跨度与新创企业绩效间发挥调节效用，即通过有效管理和利用网络，优化网络跨度对高科技新创绩效的影响效应。最后，讨论研究的理论意义和实践价值。     

企业研发管理对R&D投入与企业绩效关系的调节效应

R&D投入与企业绩效的关系一直是学术界关注的焦点。在对国内外相关文献进行分析的基础上，以广东省3 214家科技型中小微企业为研究样本，实证研究R&D投入对科技型中小微企业绩效的影响以及企业研发管理对两者关系的调节作用。结果表明：R&D投入对企业绩效有显著影响，同时企业研发管理制度对企业R&D投入与其绩效的关系具有显著调节作用。其中，研发管理制度对研发经费投入强度、研发人员投入总量、研发人员投入强度与企业绩效之间的关系具有显著调节作用，但是对研发经费投入总量与企业绩效之间的关系没有显著调节作用。据此，从企业、政府两个层面提出相应的对策建议。     

中外日用品品牌关系质量对顾客购买行为的影响——基于产品危机情境的研究

本文以日用品产品危机为研究情景,以品牌关系质量作为衡量品牌关系性质的重要变量,进而探讨品牌关系质量对消费者购买行为的影响,同时进行中外品牌的比较。研究发现,在危机情境下,品牌关系是影响消费者购买行为的一个重要心理变量,对顾客满意与购后行为倾向有强烈的正向影响;国外品牌与国产品牌相比,明显地具有更高的社会价值表达、自我概念联结及相互依赖评价,其中社会价值表达对顾客满意具有最大的影响力;而在承诺、真有与应有之情及信任三个构面,国产品牌较国外品牌具有显著优势。结论在很大程度上解释了目前多数情况下,中国消费者仍推崇国外品牌的原因。同时,本文对本土企业如何在危机情境下提升品牌竞争力提出了管理建议。     

关系市场与关系营销组合:关系营销的一个理论模型

关系营销是营销理论界的一个热门课题，本文重点讨论两个问题，一个是关系营销的市场问题，另一个是关系营销的组合问题，关系营销的市场问题。实际上是要回答向谁进行关系营销；而关系营销的组合问题，则是回答如何进行关系营销，这两个问题既是关系营销的基本问题，也是关系营销研究中较为薄弱的环节，本文在文献回顾的基础上，对这两个问题提出了自己的看法，并提出了关系营销的一个理论模型。     

国外企业社会责任与企业财务绩效关联性研究综述

企业社会责任与财务绩效的关联性问题,是20多年来国外企业管理领域研究的一个热点问题。本文对国外近30年来对社会责任与财务绩效关系方面的相关研究进行总结和评价,并指出了进一步研究的方向。     

Economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions

Recent empirical research has examined the relationship between certain indicators of environmental degradation and income, concluding that in some cases an inverted U-shaped relationship, which has been called an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), exists between these variables. Unfortunately, this inverted U-shaped relationship does not hold for greenhouse gas emissions. One explanation of the absence of EKC-like behavior in greenhouse gas emissions is that greenhouse gases are special pollutants that create global, not local, disutility. But the international nature of global warming is not the only reason that prevents de-linking greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth. The intergenerational nature of the negative impact of greenhouse gas emissions may have also been an important factor preventing the implementation of greenhouse gas abatement measures in the past. In this paper we explore the effect that the presence of intergenerational spillovers has on the emissions–income relationship. We use a numerically calibrated overlapping generations model of climate–economy interactions. We conclude that: (1) the intertemporal responsibility of the regulatory agency, (2) the institutional capacity to make intergenerational transfers and (3) the presence of intergenerationally lagged impact of emissions constitute important determinants of the relationship between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions.     

A time-domain transfer function model of Wagner's Law: the case of the United Kingdom economy

The dynamic relationship which is implied by Wagner's Law is well established in the literature. However, the methodology which has been applied to investigate this dynamic relationship has tended to avoid a dynamic specification. This paper investigates Wagner's Law employing transfer function methodology in the time-domain for the UK over the period 1946–85.     

创业支持政策对创客空间创业孵化绩效的影响

创业支持政策实施效果一直备受质疑。 创业支持政策与创客空间创业孵化绩效的关系受到普遍关注,然而,现有研究结果不能对两者之间的关系提供一致性解释。探讨金融支持政策、公共服务政策和间接支持政策,以及间接支持政策对金融支持政策、公共服务政策对创客空间创业孵化绩效的调节作用,从西安、武汉、贵阳3个城市典型创客空间获取813份问卷数据,分析表明,金融支持政策、公共服务政策和创业孵化绩效之间呈倒U型关系,间接支持政策正向调节金融支持政策、公共服务政策和创业孵化绩效之间的关系。研究结论深化了对创业支持政策与创业孵化绩效间关系的认识,为政府制定创业支持政策、更好地促进小微创客创业孵化成功提供了重要理论依据。     

产业生态学:传统环境保护的选项还是对其颠覆?

作为一门新兴学科，产业生态学与传统环境保护理论的关系还比较混淆，尤其是二者的逻辑关系。本文从自然与人的关系入手，在多个方面和角度分析了产业生态学与传统环保理论的区别。产业生态学阐明的价值流的闭路循环性纠正了传统的价值单向流动观点，为向消费者提供产品转向服务给出了理论支持；它在环境评估和管理上的全过程、全功能和全方位观点突破了传统静止、单因素和局部的观点；它未来的、多尺度的时空观超越了传统过去的、小尺度的时空观；它认识到环境问题的文化和经济根源，抓住了环境问题产生的本质。因此，本文认为产业生态学不是传统环境保护的一个选项，而是对传统环境保护和产业发展关系的全新改造，是环境科学与产业发展领域新的“范式”。     

DISAGGREGATING FIRMS IN ANALYSING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE UNIVERSITY–INDUSTRY RELATIONSHIP: BASED ON AN ANALYTICAL AND EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM SCOTLAND

It has been acknowledged that universities are key institutions in national and regional systems of innovation. This recognition has led to a rich stream of literature analysing the university–industry relationship. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to disaggregating the ‘industry’ side of this relationship and examining the costs and benefits to the disaggregated parties involved. In the present article, which draws on an analytical and empirical study from Scotland, it is suggested that it makes sense to distinguish between three kinds of firms in analysing the university–industry relationship: large national and international R&D-intensive firms, university spin-out firms, and established small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that have had little interaction with universities. The different costs and benefits facing these firms in their interactions with universities are analysed. It is concluded that the established SMEs confront relatively high costs in relating to universities. Finally, the policy implications are explored.     

Trade liberalization and industrial growth in Pakistan: a cointegration analysis

Using the framework of an endogenous growth model, this study empirically analyses the relationship between trade policies and industrial growth in Pakistan during the period 1973–1995. The cointegration and error correction modelling approaches have been applied. The empirical results suggest that there exists a unique long-run relationship among the aggregate growth function of industrial value added and its major determinants of the real capital stock, the labour force, real exports, the import tariff collection rate and the secondary school enrolment ratio. The short-term dynamic behaviour of Pakistan's growth function of industrial value added has been investigated by estimating an error correction model in which the error correction term has been found to be correctly signed and statistically significant.     

Is economic growth for the birds?

The environment provides ecosystem services that support human wants. Economic growth is important for raising human living standards. But whether economic growth benefits the environment is unclear. Research into this relationship has focused on a U-shaped association known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). As economies grow, environmental quality initially declines but ultimately recovers and improves. However, environmental quality has been narrowly defined in the research, largely neglecting the availability and range of ecosystem services. Because these services derive from biodiversity, we use avian biodiversity as a proxy for environmental quality. Our results replace the U-shaped relationship with a lazy-S relationship. As economies grow, environmental quality initially declines, then improves over intermediate growth, but ultimately declines at higher growth. The EKC hypothesis has been used to forward economic growth as a means for improving environment quality. Our results call into question policies that rely solely on economic growth for reversing environmental decline.     

Does high labour mobility always promote trade liberalization?

Labour immobility (high adjustment cost) has been regarded as a major obstacle to trade liberalization and it has been argued that higher labour mobility promotes trade liberalization. However, this is not the case when we take into account conflicts of interest between politicians and voters that are inevitable in representative democracy. I construct a simple two‐period model including both elections and sectoral adjustment. Then I show that the non‐monotonic relationship between labour mobility and the equilibrium degree of trade liberalization exists due to the principal–agent relationship. In representative democracy, higher labour mobility prevents trade liberalization in some cases.     

Income Inequality, Competitive Balance and the Attractiveness of Team Sports: Some Evidence and a Natural Experiment from English Soccer

This paper examines the relationship between financial inequality, competitive balance and attendance at English professional league soccer. It shows that while financial inequality among the clubs has increased, competitive balance has remained relatively stable and match attendance appears unrelated to competitive balance. A clearer test of the relationship is suggested by comparison with FA Cup matches. Because income inequality is primarily driven by inter- rather than intra-divisional inequality, the FA Cup has been a much more unbalanced competition than the divisional championships. Attendance at FA Cup matches relative to the corresponding league matches has fallen over the last twenty years.     

The Trade Cycle1

Abstract

The long-run relationship between polity change and economic growth has been considered by a number of researchers, yet no clear consensus has emerged concerning the causal link between these two important measures of progress. This study used various estimation methods based on different assumptions of the unknown error structure to investigate this relationship in 154 countries from 1961 to 2007. First, we found no globally significant relationship between polity change and economic growth. However, we found several significant relationships at the local level, including (a) a positive relationship in the 1980s and in Africa and (b) a negative relationship in the 1970s and in Europe. Second, we found that previous economic growth hinders democracy, albeit slightly; in contrast, the influence of democracy on economic growth is negligible.     

INFLATION HISTORY AND THE SACRIFICE RATIO: EPISODE-SPECIFIC EVIDENCE

This article examines whether episode-specific analysis can show a negative relationship between inflation and the slope of the Phillips curve that has been found in cross-country analysis. While the relationship between inflation and the Phillips curve slope is widely accepted from cross-country analysis, it has remained unproven in previous episode-specific studies. By defining inflation history as a weighted average of past inflation, this study finds a negative effect of inflation history on the sacrifice ratio, which is what is expected from the cross-country analysis. The negative relationship does not disappear even after including other conventional determinants of the sacrifice ratio. ( JEL E52, E31)