企业危机网络媒体传播演变状况分析

鉴于科学地认识企业危机事件的信息在网络上海量传播的现象,本文基于网络媒体的条件,运用以实证研究为基础的内容分析法,通过对企业危机网络传播样本个案的量化分析,研究描述了2003-2010年我国企业危机网络传播的演变趋势、企业危机事件网络传播的时间长度等问题,旨在为采取积极正确有效的企业危机管理对策,提供有关危机信息网络媒体传播的实证依据。     

加强风险分析，关注食品安全

目前，由食品造成的安全隐患，已经成为全球性的问题，欧洲的疯牛病、二恶英、口蹄疫以及转基因产品可能产生的潜在危害，此起彼伏的食品污染事件，已经使全球谈“食”色变。前一段时间，毒大米、地沟油、死猪肉、瘦肉精污染等食品问题和食品中毒事……     

公司金融中介理论综述

公司金融中介行为指公司销售商品,同时允许买者在未来的一个时期延期付款的经济现象。公司金融中介理论包含:金融优势论;降低交易成本论和质量保证论。公司金融中介行为的货币交易中介功能可能弱化货币政策的有效性。高度依赖于公司金融中介行为的国家存在较高的产出增长率,这主要来自于现存的企业增长,而不是公司数目的增长。次贷危机下公司金融中介存在放大和缩小危机机制。公司金融中介危机是次贷危机的衍生发展,为此,政府应该直接向相关公司提供信用担保。     

Consistent Questions of Ambiguity in Organizational Crisis Communication: Jack in the Box as a Case Study

The complexity of crisis situations allows for corporate responses to create multiple interpretations for organizational stakeholders concerning crisis evidence, the organization's intentions, and the locus of responsibility. Hence, organizations have the ability to emphasize an interpretation where the organization is viewed most favorably. Using Jack in the Box as a case study, we apply stakeholder theory to ascertain the ethical implications of employing strategic ambiguity in organizational crisis communication. We conclude that the crisis response provided by Jack in the Box's leaders was ethically questionable in the areas of evidence, intent, and locus because the ambiguity they introduced privileged their financial stakeholders over others. Ultimately, this strategic use of ambiguity diminished the deliberative ability of Jack in the Box's publics.     

Using Content Analysis to Understand the Consumer Movement

Drawing on the work of Jenkins and Perrow, a content analysis of information in the New York Times Index is examined to analyze the environment of the consumer movement in the United States over a fourteen-year period. The results suggest that a fundamental change has occurred in the movement, with less visible activism and less overt business support being provided.     

Significant Choice and Crisis Decision Making: MeritCare’s Public Communication in the Fen–Phen Case

This study examines the communication strategies employed by MeritCare’s public relations staff during the fen–phen case. The ethic of significant choice was the primary lens for the study. The study revealed that MeritCare’s public relations staff members believed they did, in fact, follow the ethic of significant choice. Specifically, they perceived that the biases held by staff helped maintain the public’s safety as the primary issue during the fen–phen events. They also believed that their communication strategies allowed them to avoid ambiguity and emotionalized language. Finally, the staff members felt that teaming with Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota enabled them to influence the marketplace of ideas by capitalizing on the credible standing of Mayo Clinic.Renae A. Streifel (M.A., North Dakota State University) is a public relations specialist for the MeritCare Hospital group in Fargo, North Dakota. She studied the MeritCare case for her Master’s thesis.Bethany L. Beebe (M.A., Purdue University) studies crisis communication from an organizational perspective. Shari R. Veil (Ph.D., North Dakota State University) is an assistant professor in the Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Oklahoma. She studies crisis communication from a public relations perspective.Timothy L. Sellnow (Ph.D., Wayne State University) is professor of communication, North Dakota State University. Along with an extensive publication record, he has worked with several US government grants which provide some of the context for his study of crisis communication from an organizational perspective.     

金融自由化风险向金融危机转化的可能性分析

本文认为,发展中国家的金融自由化在提高金融机构效率和赢利的同时,会带来许多新的风险,而且在一定条件下有可能导致金融危机。金融自由化带来的乐观预期和大量国外私人资本的内流会使汇率高估,极易遭受投机的攻击。从带来风险到最终引发金融危机,主要有三个风险阶段,即违约风险阶段、到期不能偿还风险阶段和汇率风险阶段。当金融自由化(如利率自由化、金融业务与机构准入自由化和资本账户自由化)带来的新的风险累积到风险临界值时,在受到国内突发事件、国际金融市场波动和投机资本攻击的情况下,金融自由化风险便会向金融危机演变。     

Vulnerability to a Currency Crisis: Lessons from the Asian Experience

Are currency crises caused by manias and panics in financial markets, or by unsustainable deteriorations in domestic macroeconomic conditions? This question is explored in the context of the recent Asian currency crisis. The theoretical concept of vulnerability is used to identify three early‐warning indicators of susceptibility to a currency crisis: rapid accumulation of mobile capital; domestic lending booms; and overvalued exchange rates. It is shown that the crisis and noncrisis countries of Asia may be distinguished empirically, using these indicators, over the decade preceding the crisis. This exercise provides convincing evidence that the crisis emanated largely from domestic macroeconomic conditions.     

Central Banking After the Crisis: No Return to Past Certainties

Before the 2008 crisis, macroeconomic theory and central bank practice regarded low and stable inflation to be a policy objective that was sufficient to ensure macroeconomic and financial stability. There was little concern with the details of the financial system or balance sheet aggregates. This article makes the case that these details are important and that monetary and macroprudential policy must control both the quantity and allocation of credit. This entails a revision of conventional monetary theory as well as policy, particularly to explain the paradox of the precrisis situation of so much credit and so little inflation. The particular role of real estate investment is described as a source of financial instability that can only be addressed by nuanced monetary and macroprudential policy.     

The Retailing Literature as a Basis for Franchising Research: Using Intellectual Structure to Advance Theory

This study evaluates the foundational intellectual structure of franchising research over the last four decades. Based on 1718 articles from a sample of 40 journals, we use co-citation analysis, employed in both multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis, to evaluate 67,073 citations and determine the theoretical underpinnings of franchising research. As the results indicate, the retailing literature has had an integral influence on studies related to franchising. To advance this research domain, we develop a three-dimensional typology (franchise structure, consumer exchange, and strategic intention) based on established and emergent franchise-related topics. The typology indicates six suggested topics for examination to advance franchising research based on the domain's accomplishments to date.     

Applying Behavioural Theory to the Challenge of Sustainable Development: Using Hairdressers as Diffusers of More Sustainable Hair-Care Practices

The challenges presented by sustainable development are broadly accepted, yet resource use increases unabated. It is increasingly acknowledged that while technical solutions may play a part, a key issue is behaviour change. In response to this, there has been a plethora of studies into how behaviour change can be enabled, predominantly from psychological and sociological perspectives. This has resulted in a substantial body of knowledge into the factors that drive behaviour change and how they can be manipulated to achieve desired social goals. In this paper, we describe a study that draws on this body of knowledge to design an intervention to drive behaviour change across the hairdressing sector, and by the process of diffusion, across the vast social networks of this occupational group to influence domestic hair-care practices. The intervention was successful: hairdressers indicated positive intentions to adopt more sustainable practices within their salons and pass them onto their customers. The customer survey (N = 776) confirms this: customers surveyed after their hairdresser attended the Green-Salon-Makeover intervention were significantly more likely to report that environmental issues had been considered in their salon visit and that they themselves would consider such issues in their hair-care practices at home than customers who were surveyed before the intervention.     

Decision Making and Business Ethics: The Implications of Using Image Theory in Preference to Rational Choice

The study of decision making has multiple implications for business ethics. This paper outlines some commonly used frameworks for understanding choice in business. It characterises the dominant model for business decision making as rational choice theory (RCT) and contrasts this with a more recent, naturalistic theory of decision-making, image theory. The implications of using RCT and image theory to model decision making are discussed with reference to three ethical systems. RCT is shown to be consistent with Utilitarian ethics, but not with Kantian or Virtue-based ethics. Image theory is shown to be consistent with each. The paper identifies a number of implications following from this analysis.     

Using Attribution Theory to Help Frame Moral Dilemmas: An Empirical Test of the President Clinton – Monica Lewinski Case

This study extends theapplication of attribution theory to analyzemoral dilemmas. Kelley's model of causalattribution is proposed as a pedagogical toolin helping students organize and evaluatecomplex moral dilemmas while avoiding commonperception errors. By posing three questions,students are challenged to identify patternsand context of behaviors that help arrive atthe source cause(s) of those behaviors. To testthe usefulness of Kelley's model in analyzingmoral dilemmas, the President Clinton – MonicaLewinski case is empirically tested. Resultssupport the usefulness of Kelly's model ofcausal attribution as a valid and useful toolfor students in framing complex moral dilemmasand avoiding common perception and attributionerrors.     

个人理财:基于生命周期理论和现代理财理论的分析

我国金融业务中,个人理财业务在短短的几年时间中得到了长足发展。这种变化是金融体系内部技术、管制、竞争等因素作用的结果,是一种适应全球金融业发展的必然趋势。个人理财业务的发展历史很短,对其系统化的提升和总结需要较长的一段时间,理论上的探讨还不够成熟。探讨个人理财的理论基础将是我国个人理财发展过程中必须面对的一个课题。本文将探讨生命周期理论和现代理财学中的有关理论,以期为个人理财业务提供理论基础。     

应对WTO上诉机构危机:基于仲裁解决贸易争端的角度

近年来逆全球化趋势及贸易保护主义抬头,多边贸易体制遭遇多重困境。由于美国持续反对发起新成员选任程序,作为WTO争端解决机制重要组成部分的上诉机构面临史无前例的生存危机。本文基于利用仲裁方式解决贸易争端的角度,从三方面探讨如何应对WTO上诉机构危机:第一,将DSU第25条仲裁作为解决成员间贸易争端的替代性机制;第二,对DSU第25条进行适当设计变通,将其作为专家组报告的上诉替代机制;第三,在具有相同意愿的WTO成员间谈判订立诸边《仲裁协定》,使仲裁解决贸易争端系统化和机制化。我国作为进出口双向贸易大国和WTO多边贸易体制的积极维护者,应尽快研究利用DSU第25条"仲裁"进行贸易争端解决,并倡导和引领诸边谈判,发挥在WTO改革和应对上诉机构危机中的积极作用,对全球经贸治理贡献中国智慧和力量。