“一带一路”背景下中日韩FTA缔结影响因素研究

中日韩自贸区是当今全球经济发展最快的东北亚地区经济整合的重要突破点,也是"一带一路"构想的核心环节之一。本文对中日韩自贸区合作现状及影响因素进行研究分析,描述了三国缔结FTA存在的问题与促进加强合作的机遇,以期在"一带一路"背景下,抓住利好条件加快中日韩自贸区的建设与发展。     

Trade marks,the consumer,and the public interest

In order to create a Common Market for branded products the European Commission is presently promoting a regulation for a Community Trade Mark backed by a directive to approximate Member States' trade mark laws. A consumer working group studying these two initiatives found a common interest with the Commission not only in freeing the flow of competing goods but also in specific proposals which to some extent acknowledge a consumer interest. However, the consumer interest in market transparency is not a major theme in either proposal nor do the drafters adopt the consumer oriented certification mark system. Above all there is no promise of effective, continuing consumer representation in the operation of the laws and this threatens to perpetuate the distortion of the public interest towards that of proprietors that has been allowed to develop, particularly since registration systems were introduced about a century ago.

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Zusammenfassung Zum Zweck der Schaffung eines gemeinsamen Marktes für Markenartikel hat die Kommission der EG zwei Vorschläge auf dem Gebiet des Warenzeichenrechts unterbreitet: einen Verordnungsentwurf über die Schaffung einer Gemeinschaftsmarke und einen Richtlinienentwurf über die Rechtsangleichung des Markenrechts der Mitgliedstaaten. Diese Vorschläge sind von einer Expertengruppe einer genaueren Prüfung dahingehend unterzogen worden, wieweit sie dem im EG-Vertrag auch verankerten Verbraucherinteresse dienen. Die Gruppe, der die Autorin angehörte, fand zwar in den Vorschlägen einige bemerkenswerte Verbesserungen zur Beseitigung von Handelshemmnissen, die von unterschiedlichen Markenrechten ausgehen können. Das Verbraucherinteresse and Produkt- und Markttransparenz, an Vermeidung künstlicher Produktdifferenzierung, an Garantiemarken und an Verbrauchervertretung hat jedoch in die Vorschläge kaum Eingang gefunden. Zur Bestimmung des Verbraucherinteresses im Markenrecht arbeitet die Autorin Problembereiche heraus, die teilweise der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes zugrunde liegen (Parallelimporte, «inter-brand»-Wettbewerb, konfligierende herkunftsgleiche oder verwechslungsfähige Marken), sich teilweise auch erst ergeben, wenn eine Gemeinschaftsmarke neben die (bestehenbleibenden) nationalen Markensysteme tritt. Zum Schluß ihres Beitrages macht die Autorin Vorschläge zur Einführung von Garantiemarken auf EG-Ebene nach englischem Vorbild und zur Schaffung einer Verbrauchervertretung in einem künftigen EG-Markenamt.

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She is a member of working groups of the Consumers Consultive Committee on trade marks and on patents.     

OECD,safety, and the consumer

The paper contains a survey of the legal approach taken to protect consumers from unsafe products in OECD member countries during the last decade. The legal approach covers measures such as preparatory, regulatory, monitoring and corrective actions. An important part in the international work to increase product safety efforts is played by the OECD Committee on Consumer Policy. The paper points out that the Committee's working party on product safety has since 1972 produced a considerable number of reports and proposals which have led to Council Recommendations. It seems that many of these have contributed to the development of safety measures in some countries. The author concludes that international cooperation in the field of consumer policy is an indispensable element for increasing the protection of consumers, the maintenance of open international trading systems, and the functioning of markets at the national and international level.

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OECD, Produktsicherheit und der Verbraucher

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag geht davon aus, daß Konsumgüter viele Sicherheitsprobleme mit sich bringen können. Die OECD-Länder haben deshalb verschiedene Ansätze zum Schutz des Verbrauchers entwickelt. In den USA, in England, Holland, Kanada, Japan und in den nordischen sowie in den EG-Ländern existieren Produktüberwachungssysteme. Manche Länder haben Rahmengesetze zur Regulierung einzelner Märkte erlassen. In einigen Ländern gibt es eine Selbstkontrolle der Anbieter und in den meisten Ländern kann der Verkauf gefährlicher Produkte verboten werden. Aber nur in den USA, in Frankreich, Österreich und in Japan gibt es die Möglichkeit, gefährliche Produkte zurückzurufen.Der Beitrag berichtet insbesondere über die Empfehlungen, Veröffentlichungen und die übrige Tätigkeit der Arbeitsgruppe Produktsicherheit im OECD-Verbraucherbeirat. Der Verfasser kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß diese Tätigkeit die Entwicklung zu mehr Produktsicherheit in vielen Ländern gefördert hat. Er ist der Meinung, daß internationale Zusammenarbeit nicht nur für den Schutz der Verbraucher, sondern auch für den freien Handel und die Funktionsfähigkeit nationaler und internationaler Märkte notwendig ist.

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Nils Ringstedt is the Deputy Director General of the National Swedish Board for Consumer Policies, Box 503, S-162 15 Vällingby, Sweden. He is at present Chairman of Wp 3 on Product Safety of the OECD Committee on Consumer Policy.     

两岸四地贸易关系的依存性、互补性和因果性研究

21世纪以来,随着内地与港澳地区CEPA协议的签署,以及中国大陆和台湾相继加入世界贸易组织,两岸四地经贸关系发展进入了新阶段。本文探讨如下三个问题,一是以贸易依存度指标探讨两岸四地贸易的依存关系,二是以贸易竞争指数指标探讨两岸四地贸易的互补关系,三是以格兰杰因果关系检验探讨两岸四地贸易的因果关系。分析结果显示,两岸四地贸易依存关系紧密,贸易互补性强,并且具有一定的因果性。因此,进一步加强两岸四地贸易合作,发挥各自优势,构筑互动发展格局,是两岸四地贸易持续稳定发展的必然选择。     

The good,the bad,and the ugly: Technology transfer competence,rent-seeking,and bargaining power

In this paper, we explore the relationships between subsidiary technology transfer competence, bargaining power and rent-seeking. In the multinational corporation, technology transfer competence is generally perceived as something desirable. We connect this bright side of subsidiary-level processes to a potentially uglier and darker side of the organization, namely that subsidiaries gain bargaining power that is exercised for bad ends, i.e., rent-seeking. Using an empirical analysis that comprises intrafirm technology transfers, this paper finds that technology transfer competence leads to greater subsidiary bargaining power that in turn increases rent-seeking behavior; but this competence does not directly affect rent-seeking. We suggest that bargaining power offers a key explanation for rent-seeking. This paper advances the understanding of subsidiary sources of power within the multinational corporation and the organizational determinants of rent-seeking, which is relevant to theory development as well as to managers.     

Blitzscaling: The good,the bad,and the ugly

Today’s disruptive innovations are driving the creation of numerous billion-dollar startups. Venture capitalists focus on these potentially disruptive technology startups and fund them furiously, advancing their speed of growth. The idea is to scale fast and seek huge returns for investors. Terms that define this type of aggressive scaling have recently developed in Silicon Valley. Unicorn is defined as a venture with a value of $1 billion, while a decacorn describes startups with a value of $10 billion. Another recent term is blitzscaling: funding a venture for extremely fast growth and prioritizing speed over efficiency in an environment of uncertainty. While blitzscaling is being used heavily by investors in Silicon Valley, we look at exactly what comprises this new phenomenon and how it is used in practice. We examine the concept, its stages, and its prevalence before reviewing the different examples of how the strategy has been implemented for success (the good), cases of its failure in practice (the bad), and the extreme cases of ethical compromise by ventures (the ugly). From these cases, we draw specific lessons that, if understood and appropriately addressed, would help new ventures effectively implement the strategy.     

Shifting comparative advantage,the nics,and the developing countries

It has been suggested that there have been shifts in comparative advantage for labor-intensive manufactures from the Newly Industrializing Countires (NICs) to other developing countries, permitting these latter states to export these products to the world market. An analysis of changes in exports for selected three-digit product categories for manufactures for sixteen countries from 1968 to 1976 and from 1976 to 1982, however, indicated that such shifts have not occurred. Many of the other developing countries that have expanded such exports have done so in the same product categories as the NICs, not different ones. In other cases, export gains of some developing countries were matched by losses by other developing states.     

Trade, offshoring, and the invisible handshake

We study the effect of globalization on the volatility of wages and worker welfare in a model in which risk is allocated through long-run employment relationships (the ‘invisible handshake’). Globalization can take two forms: international integration of commodity markets (i.e., free trade) and international integration of factor markets (i.e., offshoring). In a two-country, two-good, two-factor model we show that free trade and offshoring have opposite effects on rich-country workers. Free trade hurts rich-country workers, while reducing the volatility of their wages; by contrast, offshoring benefits them, while raising the volatility of their wages. We thus formalize, but also sharply circumscribe, a common critique of globalization.     

Food,literature, art,and the demise of dualistic thought

In the early 1990s philosopher Deane Curtin proposed a “food‐centered philosophy of human being,” whereby food became a potential site for the elimination of the self/other duality so central to Western thought. Since food is ingested and becomes part of the self, it obliges us to reconceptualize not only the other but also the identity of a self that is so permeable, it can physically incorporate the other. Food/cooking/eating as a conceptual complex has further challenged the self/other dichotomy in barrier‐breaking new cultural artifacts such as “food books,” performance art pieces, and popular film.     

Tariffs,the balance of payments,and the demand for money

This paper shows that in a small country the impact of a tariff on the balance of payments depends crutially on the role of relative prices in the demand function for money. An import (export) duty has a perverse impact on the balance of payments if importables (exportables) and money are net complements, but both import and export duties cannot have a perverse impact. A relation between the impact of export and import duties is also derived and is used to reestablish a well-known theorem of Meade on the equivalence of replacing import with export duties and currency depreciation.     

Business Ethics,Business Practices,and the Power of the Parable

Teaching Business Ethics - Business practitioners and academics areconstantly seeking guidelines for improvingethical business practices. In this paper weattempt to explain how the New...     

Beijing, the More it Changes, the More Still it Shows

China is fascinating destination with various charactercultural background.If you do not have time to witness an incredible array of these famous citys,you can always choose to visit one or two of them during your each stay in China.And our carefully designed China Tours,column will also leave you an unforgettable expenrience.Since China will soon welcome Olympic Games,so let＇s begin our Chinese tours with Olympic cities!Yes,our first stop is Beijing.     

资本担纲、媒体为王、渠道恃强——中国广告的资源依托之道

思路决定出路。今天。不同的广告公司由于采用不同的发展模式。出现几家欢乐几家愁的局面。大贺广告、上海新结构广告、海润广告代表了传统户外、新媒体户外和传统综合代理三种广告形态。对广告有着截然不同的理解。对资源有着不同的使用程度。体现了资本资源、媒体资源和广告资源三个发展方向。广告公司在理论界并不认同的情况下。已经率先走上了资源依托的发展之路!