Knowledge Spillovers,ICT and Productivity Growth

This paper looks at the channels through which intangible assets affect productivity growth. The econometric analysis exploits a new data set on intangible investment (INTAN‐Invest) in conjunction with EUKLEMS productivity estimates for 10 EU member states from 1998 to 2007. We find that (a) the output elasticity of intangible capital depends upon ICT intensity, consistent with complementarities between ICT and intangible capital; (b) non‐R&D intangible capital has a higher estimated output elasticity than its factor share, as does (c) an index of labour composition. The last two findings are consistent with growth spillovers from investments in knowledge‐based/intangible capital and skills.     

Knowledge Spillovers and Alliance Formation

Our study examines the conditions under which firms enter into strategic alliances subsequent to knowledge spillovers. We propose that spillovers serve as signals of knowledge dependence and potential complementarity, encouraging alliance formation to enable better learning and limit appropriation. We posit that the likelihood of a knowledge alliance subsequent to a spillover is contingent on the specialization of each of the firms in the knowledge involved in the spillover. We also hypothesize that the effects of such specialization on knowledge alliance formation are moderated by technological ties and geographic distance between the dyad involved in the spillover. Our results demonstrate significance for the effects of specialization, supporting learning and appropriation motivations. Technological ties strengthen while geographic distance weakens the relationship between specialization and alliance formation.     

Knowledge Spillovers,Competition and Innovation Success

We study the relationship between a patent-based measure of knowledge spillovers that calculates technological proximity based on technologically relevant firms and innovation success. We find – for a representative sample of Swiss firms – that knowledge spillovers have a positive and significant association with the commercial success of innovative products. The paper shows the importance of market conditions for the relationship of spillovers with innovation performance: It is only positive and significant in markets with a medium number of competitors in the main product market, but not in monopolistic or polypolistic market structures.     

知识溢出:对研究脉络的基本回顾

自20世纪60年代以来知识溢出问题获得了大量研究,其研究成果主要来自经济学和区域与城市研究特别是经济地理学,本文对这两个学科在知识溢出方面的主要研究脉络进行了梳理,描述了经济学观察单元从企业转向空间的必然性,以及区域和城市研究对知识溢出问题研究的主要方面。     

技术经济教学中知识溢出问题分析

在技术经济教学中知识溢出是目前学术界研究的热点问题,溢出距离是影响区域知识溢出的重要因素。本文通过系统研究知识溢出的空间溢出效应,提出知识势差是溢出的前提条件,模仿创新是溢出实现的必要条件。知识溢出具有一定的空间局限性,知识溢出效应随着空间距离增加呈现递减趋势。     

知识溢出、产业聚集与中国区域经济发展

产业的发展和动态演进与知识溢出密不可分。不同的知识溢出方式对产业聚集以及区域经济发展都会产生重要影响。本文通过分析知识溢出对产业聚集的影响方式,进一步探讨中国区域经济发展问题。面板数据分析表明,在中国,区域产业发展效应不是通过专业化和多样化效应,而是通过波特效应即竞争效应体现出来。竞争效应在一定程度上会导致产业向发达地区的转移,从而加剧了区域经济的差距。为此,应进一步明确区域间产业分工的布局,改善知识溢出的渠道和方式,提升企业知识水平和吸收能力来改善区域经济发展的差距。     

产业集群下知识溢出效应联合所有权的博弈分析

产业集群下主导产业的知识溢出对集群内其它产业有着重要影响,而其它次产业之间也存在溢出效应的权衡与共享。通过重复博弈来说明联合所有权的最优性。     

Foreign Direct Investment and Managerial Knowledge Spillovers through the Diffusion of Management Practices

Although managerial knowledge spillovers have long been claimed to be a major benefit of foreign direct investment (FDI), such spillovers have not yet been systematically analysed. This paper adds to the literature by analysing the nature and extent of managerial knowledge spillovers from FDI through the diffusion of management practices. Taking into account the tacit and explicit elements of management practices and distinguishing between industry and non‐industry specific practices, the paper identifies different types of spillovers and discusses their transmission mechanisms. Evidence from establishment‐level panel data from the UK attests to the existence and significance of intra‐industry, linkage, and non‐linkage based inter‐industry spillovers of managerial knowledge from foreign to local firms, although the strength varies for different types of practices. The spillovers are geographically localized, especially in channels without supply chain linkages. Local firms are selective in the adoption of individual practices and the spillover effects are more significant at the cluster and management system level. Reverse spillovers from local firms to MNEs from industrialized countries appear to be limited despite significant spillovers of practices amongst local firms.     

FDI溢出对高经济产出区的增长影响

运用空间Durbin模型和极大似然估计技术,以1991-2012年大长三角25城市和大珠三角21城市面板数据,对比检验了FDI溢出与城市生产率间的基本关系。发现：FDI对本地城市增长正效应显著存在并随时间增强,其空间溢出显著但在二地区行为相反;空间依赖在城市生产率增长中有增强趋势,但在二地区方向相异;FDI提高了二地区城市增长的条件收敛速度;空间溢出在二地区的核心和外围都存在但表现各异并有不同演变。上述结论对于二地区引进FDI和促进城市发展具有重要政策含义。     

技术外溢与吸收能力:基于开放经济下的内生增长模型分析

通过构建中间产品种类扩张型的内生增长模型,本文探讨了开放经济条件下技术外溢与本国技术吸收能力影响长期经济增长的内在机理。对模型的竞争性市场均衡分析得到了均衡增长路径的稳态增长率,并就解的政策含义进行了讨论。模型的基本结论是：技术吸收能力的提高、人力资本积累以及适度的知识产权保护有利于长期经济增长,然而贸易开放度、技术水平差距对稳态增长率的影响效应具有不确定性。     

知识型服务产业初探

知识型服务产业是最近几十年在世界范围内兴起的新兴服务行业。文章探讨了知识型服务产业的内涵、特点及其理论,并提出了相应的产业政策建议。     

吸收能力与技术结构双重机制下服务业国际溢出效应研究

运用因素变量与技术无效联合估计生产函数的随机前沿模型,根据2003~2013年中国服务业省级面板数据,首先分析了人力资本、政府干预倾向、研发能力以及不同国际溢出渠道单独影响下国际溢出作用于服务业技术效率的效用;其次研究了吸收能力与技术结构的交互式影响下各国际溢出效应的作用机制和途径。结果表明,人力资本的直接效应和间接效应均能够提升区域服务业技术效率水平,政府干预倾向对服务业技术效率水平提升影响不大,国内研发资本存量需在国际溢出效应的共同作用下提升服务业技术效率水平。各吸收效应对不同渠道的国际溢出有着不同程度的改善,技术结构效用的发挥需根据不同国际溢出渠道和吸收能力内容进行差异性匹配和调整。     

省域R＆D知识溢出的GWR实证分析

本文运用地理加权回归（geographical weighted regression，GWR）方法，对1993-2002年期间中国省域R＆D知识溢出的空间非稳定性进行了实证分析。传统的OLS只是对参数进行“平均”或“全局”估计，不能反映参数在不同空间的空间非稳定性；GWR是一种简单、有效的技术，可以反映参数在不同空间的空间非稳定性。研究结果发现：在对R＆D知识生产进行参数估计时，GWR模型与OLS模型有显著的差异；R＆D知识生产的不同要素存在空间变异。     

产业集群知识溢出效应下企业技术创新行为的博弈分析

知识经济时代,技术创新是企业的核心竞争力,知识溢出改变了集群企业技术创新的知识环境。从知识溢出的角度,运用演化博弈模型分析了不同知识环境对企业创新行为决策的影响,认为:知识保护、企业自律是集群可持续发展的必要条件,"知识保护有度,创新有度"是更好的集群创新理念。     

我国物流业成长中的市场失灵与产业政策分析

我国物流业发展滞后,其成长导致产业关系重构,这些共同诱发多重市场失灵现象.本文从产业组织的视角,探讨物流成长中的规模陷阱、两业联动抑制以及空间循环累积等三种相互关联的市场失灵现象.并在理论分析基础上,针对物流业的调整振兴提出政策建议.     

Regional Foreign Direct Investment and Wage Spillovers: Plant Level Evidence from the UK Electronics Industry*

This paper examines the extent to which foreign investment in the UK generates wage spillovers in the domestic sector of the economy using a simultaneous dynamic panel data model and focusing on the electronics sector, possibly the most ‘globalized’ sector of UK manufacturing. It finds evidence that the higher wages paid by foreign firms cause wages in the domestic sector to be bid up. This phenomenon is, however, largely confined to the region where foreign direct investment takes place.     

External Trade and Internal Geography: Local Export Spillovers by Industry Characteristics and Firm Size

Abstract

Exporting firms in a region may reduce export entry costs for other local firms either through market or non-market interactions. This paper tests this proposition by analyzing whether the probability of exporting among Swedish firms is positively associated with the local presence of exporters in their region and industry. Our results support this conjecture, while also providing some support for such export spillovers being more important in contract-intensive industries and small firms. The results for different industries and size-classes of firms are also sensitive to whether we focus on firms’ export status or restrict the sample to export starters.

RÉSUMÉ Les firmes exportatrices dans une certaine région pourront réduire les coûts d'entrée à l'exportation pour d'autres entreprises locales, par le biais d'interactions commerciales ou non commerciales. La présente communication soumet cette proposition à des tests en analysant si la probabilité d'exportation parmi des sociétés suédoises est en rapport positif avec la présence locale d'exportateurs dans leur région et dans l'industrie. Nos résultats soutiennent cette conjecture, tout en apportant un certain soutien pour l'importance majeure de cette diffusion des exportations dans des secteurs intensifs sur le plan des contrats et des petites entreprises. Les résultats pour différents secteurs ou entreprises classées sur le plan de leur envergure sont néanmoins sensibles au plan sur lequel nous plaçons notre recherche, à savoir le statut export des entreprises ou la limitation de l’échantillon aux nouvelles entreprises exportatrices.

EXTRACTO Las empresas exportadoras de una región pueden reducir los costes de entrada de exportaciones para otras empresas locales, a través de interacciones de mercado o que no sean de mercado. El estudio pone a prueba esta proposición analizando si la probabilidad de exportación entre empresas suecas se asocia positivamente con la presencia local de exportadores en su región e industria. Nuestros resultados apoyan esta conjetura, mientras que también proporcionan cierto apoyo para la idea de que dichos spillovers de exportación son más importantes en industrias de contratos intensivos y empresas pequeñas. Los resultados para diferentes empresas y clases de tamaños de empresas son, no obstante, sensibles a si nos centramos en el estado de exportación de las empresas o si restringimos la muestra a empresas nuevas en exportación.

外部贸易和内部地理—行业性质和公司规模对本地出口的影响

摘要 : 一个地区的出口公司可能会通过市场或非市场途径降低其他本地公司的出口报关成本。本文通过分析瑞典公司的出口概率是否与其所在地域和行业的出口商正相关来验证这一假设。结果证实了这一假设 , 同时也证明 , 这种出口影响对合同密集型产业和小公司更为重要。但是 , 行业不同 , 公司规模不同 , 其结果会受到对公司出口状况关注与否以及对出口商样本数目的限制的影响。     

Industrial and Spatial Spillovers and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Taiwan High-Technology Plant Level Data

The purpose of this paper is to recognize the importance of innovation networks and incorporate various types of knowledge and spatial spillovers and their associated adjustments on productivity growth. We explore the temporal, spatial, and industrial/sectoral spillovers using a dynamic external spillover model that assumes each firm derives an optimal plan such that the expected present value of current and future cost streams is minimized. The goal is to measure and evaluate various types of spillover mechanisms, which allow us both to quantify their cost effects and evaluate the contribution of such inter-dependencies on productive performance.JEL Classification: D2, L6, O3     

知识型服务业员工激励要素研究

知识经济时代的到来与互联网科技的发展促进了服务业的崛起,服务业中知识含量较高的知识密集型服务业从传统服务业中区分开来,作为高素质的人力资本群体,知识型服务业中知识型与非知识型员工的激励成为企业管理中的关键活动,本文以价值性和独特性为标准对知识型服务业中从业人员进行类别划分,并在此基础上,对各类别的激励要素需求进行研究,得出系统的知识型服务业激励要素框架.     

四川省物流业和三个产业间发展关系计量分析

物流业的发展对地区经济增长的重要性已得到广泛认同。根据协整检验和因果关系检验等计量方法,对四川省1985~2006年经济增长和物流发展水平、三个产业产值的年度经济数据对四川省经济增长的关系进行了实证分析。实证结果表明：四者之间存在长期的稳定关系,即四川省物流发展水平和三个产业之间存在长期的稳定关系,对经济发展起着非常重要的作用。