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1.
《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2017,36(3):289-299
The policy response to drought can have both positive and negative effects by either promoting adaptation to greater variability or setting in train processes that ultimately make water users less adaptable. Also, on the one hand the “crisis” of drought can encourage policy reforms that may have stalled and on the other hand the desire to be seen to be “doing something” can lead to political expediency that might be counter to the goal of adaptation. In this paper we focus on recent Australian water policy in an effort to gain insights to the direction of contemporary interventions and identify what can be done better. In order to answer questions about the current preparedness for drought we consider strengths and weaknesses that emerged in response to the so‐called millennium drought that began in Australia in the mid‐1990s and concluded in 2009–2010. We also briefly scrutinise subsequent policy changes, legislation and management practices against wider reform objectives. The aim is to encourage other jurisdictions to recognise the pitfalls and avoid costly mistakes. 相似文献
2.
蔡岩兵 《生态经济(学术版)》2006,(9):103-107
我国农业政策对生态环境的关注经历了一个从无到有的过程,而已经出台的农业生态环境保护政策在实施过程中由于对农户和地方政府的利益造成了一定影响,也没有被很好地执行。所以,我国农业政策应兼顾经济发展与环境保护,针对当前农业化学品污染严重的问题,按照农业与环境政策一体化的思路,采取有效的政策措施,最终获得经济发展和防治农业化学品污染的双重收益。 相似文献
3.
Frequent climate shocks require farmers in developing countries to increase their resilience. Although index insurance is often discussed as a promising climate adaptation strategy, take-up rates are still low. This study primarily explores the role of peer behavior as peer imitation in the demand for three marketable and unsubsidized crop index insurance options. Furthermore, the influence of trust and understanding is investigated. We collected data in lab-in-the-field experiments among farmers in Kyrgyzstan, where index insurance is planned for imminent implementation. Applying ordered logit estimations, our results show significant and strong peer imitation effects. Imitation attitudes decrease with own insurance experience and received insurance payouts, but intensify with peer size, insurance trust and practical insurance understanding. While trust robustly increases index insurance adoption, understanding effects only gain significance in the dynamic perspective. These findings underline the importance of community-based extension treatments and trust toward the uptake of innovative agricultural technologies in the first steps of dissemination. 相似文献
4.
气候政策的经济环境效应及其缓解措施的研究综述——兼谈对我国的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候政策对一国经济和环境产生一定的效应,开放经济条件下还将对一国产业的国际竞争力产生影响。碳泄漏等问题使得气候政策的实际减排效果受到了质疑。气候政策实施过程中产生的这些问题都将严重影响气候政策的有效性。为使气候政策的有效性达到最优,很多学者研究了缓解气候政策负面效应的措施。本文对一些重要的气候政策的经济环境效应进行了理论总结,从竞争力效应、经济效应、环境效应和研究方法这四个方面综述了相关实证研究成果,分析了气候政策负面效应的缓解措施,以期为制定适合我国的气候政策提供借鉴。 相似文献
5.
Silvia Teizzi 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1999,13(4):459-472
This paper deals with the valuation of some negative external effects arising from agricultural production in Italy. External effects are treated in a transformation function as a bad output additional to the normal output of a production activity. In this case we can distinguish a price component or shadow price of the external effect and a quantity component and estimate them separately. In order to calculate the price component of the external effects we first estimate one point on the marginal external costs curve and then try to obtain the whole curve, i.e. external costs associated to different levels of emissions in different years. As to the quantity component, net emissions of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium have been estimated. The aggregate value of external effects is then calculated for thirty years from 1961 to 1991 and deducted from the value added of the agricultural sector, as a first step towards the correction of national accounting aggregates to take environmental degradation into account. 相似文献
6.
Michael Toman 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1998,11(3-4):603-621
Academic and policy debates over climate change risks and policies have stimulated economic research in a variety of fields. In this article I briefly discuss eight overlapping areas of current research in which further effort is particularly warranted. These areas include decision criteria for policy; risk assessment and adaptation; uncertainty and learning; abatement cost and the innovation and diffusion of technology; and the credibility of policies and international agreements. Further analysis in these areas not only will advance academic understanding but also will provide insights of considerable importance to policymakers. 相似文献
7.
A framework is presented for the analysis of economic and environmental impacts of policies applied to materials-product (MP) chains. This is based on materials flows, product flows, costs, prices and optimal management of an MP chain. The main differences compared with other studies focusing on materials flows is that here the link between products or services and materials is explicitly dealt with. The framework is developed on the basis of materials balance conditions, production functions allowing for substitution, and recycling of both materials and products. After presenting theoretical MP chain-models and analytical results, an application to the problem of choosing between zinc and PVC gutters is discussed. Here optimal MP chain management decisions are presented for various policy and strategy scenarios. 相似文献
8.
Marc R. Tool 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(3):779-783
The Alaska Gasline Inducement Act (AGIA) was enacted by the State of Alaska in 2007 in an attempt to progress the construction of a natural gas pipeline from the Alaska North Slope to North American markets. The Act conveys monetary inducements from the state to the exclusive licensee in exchange for certain performance requirements. The financing of any pipeline requires the contractual commitment from the shippers (producers) to pay to ship the gas over an extended period of time. However, many of the performance requirements of AGIA are antithetical to the commercial interests of the shippers. A flawed financial analysis of the project by the administration overstated the economic vitality of the project, and hence understated the severity of the commercial issues. Consequently, the prospects for success in getting a pipeline constructed appear doubtful. 相似文献
9.
聂强 《生态经济(学术版)》2008,(1):402-406
本文从生态经济学出发分析了退耕还林工程的目标体系以及合作生产过程属性,提出了有待探讨的理论问题：在环境经济学框架中,既有的研究将外部性内部化作为问题的核心,忽略了生态的系统性以及合作性。本文对退耕还林工程的目标体系、阶段性,以及工程的合作生产过程属性进行了描述,认为生态建设的资金分配制度、财政补贴与生态建设长效机制的关系以及生态补贴的监督机制应该作为理论研究的重点。 相似文献
10.
论可持续农业生态经济系统 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建设现代农业 ,发展农村经济 ,增加农民收入 ,是中国全面迈向小康社会的重大任务。而建设现代农业的关键点又在于大力发展生态农业 ,加大生态农业建设与可持续经营管理力度 ,这是推进新世纪中国现代农业与农村经济健康、快速与可持续发展的必由之路和根本任务。 相似文献
11.
This paper employs an overlapping-generations model to explore the impactof public abatement on private investment and the intergenerationaldistribution of welfare. Whereas public abatement benefits the oldestgenerations in terms of non-environmental welfare, future generations gainmost in terms of environment welfare. The overall benefits tend to besmallest for generations born at the time of the unanticipated policy shock.Public debt policy, however, can be employed to ensure that welfare gainsare distributed more equally across the various generations. Such a policyimplies that natural capital crowds-out man-made capital. 相似文献
12.
张莉 《全球科技经济瞭望》2010,25(5):45-51
本文主要对法国农业补贴水平与结构进行了简要分析,并结合具体情况分析了法国补贴政策的演变,以及法国最新补贴政策的走向与选择。最后,综合了相关经验,提出了对我国农业补贴政策的建议。 相似文献
13.
农业是一个高风险的弱质行业,极易遭受各种风险的影响而产生巨大损失,形成农业巨灾。近年来农业巨灾频发,程度加剧,形成多元效应。基于经济学的多维视角深度分析农业巨灾的效应,研究发现农业巨灾具有多重经济效应和趋利避害双重性。趋利避害的可行路径包括采取协调联动机制,健全多方面农业管理体制和加强农业的科研与交流,提高综合应对能力等。 相似文献
14.
Real production systems are often vertically integrated in thesense that one production process uses the unwanted joint product of another production process as input.This interrelationship links in a non-obvious way the different negative externalities stemming from theproduction processes. An empirical example is the sulphuric acid industry. Our model of a vertically integratedproduction system shows how internalising one currently existing externality may create another externalitywhich has thus far not been existent. We also discuss how environmental policy could deal with this problemwhen regulating integrated production systems. 相似文献
15.
There has been an increasing public interest in promoting the supply of environmental benefits by agriculture. The Environmentally Sensitive Area scheme addresses this challenge by offering farmers voluntary agreements: entrants are compensated for complying with a package of prescribed farming practices designed to secure conservation goals. This paper emphasizes the uptake of agreements from two perspectives: (i) ex post, it considers why some eligible farmers join a proposed scheme and why some do not, (ii) ex ante, it discusses how non-eligible farmers would behave if they were proposed a well-defined scheme. Ex post perspective refers to farmers' actual behaviour which is observed by the environmental agency, whereas the ex ante perspective is related to their contingent one. A single economic model is derived to deal with both cases. Econometric results from a French case study with respect to wetland preservation are given. There is some consistency between the empirical results obtained in both cases, and to some extent it may be argued that contingent behaviour predicts the actual one. 相似文献
16.
资源环境经济学和生态经济学有不同的理论基础和研究方法,资源环境经济学运用新古典经济学的理论和方法来分析问题,生态经济学则通过多学科相关理论以及多元化方法取得研究进展。二者对于可持续发展也有不同的视角和追求,资源环境经济学强调经济增长,注重规模和效率,追求弱可持续性;而生态经济学强调发展,更重视分配和公平,追求强可持续性。深刻理解这些差异,对于经济学本身的完善以及经济发展模式选择都有重要的意义。 相似文献
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18.
在界定竞争力的含义和度量方法的基础上,从不同政策工具的视角,对国外环境规制与竞争力间关系的理论研究方法和经验分析结论进行综述。在总结国内相关研究的基础上,提出未来的研究方向。 相似文献
19.
环境经济学与生态经济学是两门具有姐妹血缘关系、但不能相互替代的新兴学科。本文通过分析环境经济学与生态经济学的研究范畴,阐述其学科体系的差异性,从而界定各自的研究内容。 相似文献
20.
对我国农业产业化的思考与探索 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
本文在对我国“农业产业化”的内涵、模式作分析的基础上．着重就其现实意义和进一步发展的思路进行较为深入的论述和探讨。阐明了“农业产业化”应与我国目前农业发展中存在的主要问题之间的关系．提出了我国的”农业产业化”应是一个在国家宏观调控下的多层次、多样化的开放的系统工程的观点。 相似文献