保险业结构、效率与绩效间的关系——理论假说与实证研究

共谋假说和有效结构假说是产业组织理论中关于市场结构和企业绩效关系的两个最具有代表性的理论。研究发现：集中度与缋效之间呈正向关系,市场份额与集中度之间呈负向关系。但都不显著;保险业的效率是决定其蜻效的关键因素;我国保险业不存在产业组织学中所谓的共谋假说和有效结构假说。这一结论的政策性意义在于。保险公司在扩大市场份额的同时,应该更加关注其经营效率。     

我国物流行业市场结构与市场绩效关系的研究

本文以33家在A股上市的物流企业为截面,时间跨度为2010-2014年,建立面板数据,对我国物流行业市场机构与市场绩效之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明:我国的物流行业市场结构与市场绩效的关系支持传统共谋假说成立和X-效率假说,拒绝相对市场力量假说和规模效率假说。最后,结合实证研究结果对我国物流行业的发展给出建议。     

我国商业银行结构、效率与绩效关系研究

本文利用我国12家商业银行2003-2006年的样本数据,对我国银行业的经济效率和规模效率、市场结构、市场绩效,以及市场结构、效率与绩效三者关系做了理论分析与实证检验。结论是:我国银行业的经济效率和规模效率逐步提高,市场结构状况明显改良,竞争程度加剧;改制上市后的银行绩效显著改善。但是关于银行业的结构、效率与绩效关系的"传统的SCP假说"、"相对市场力量假说"、"X效率结构假说"、"规模效率结构假说"在我国均不成立。     

我国银行业市场结构与市场绩效的实证研究

本文运用非参数的数据包络分析法计算我国银行业的X-效率和规模效率,在此基础上对市场结构与市场绩效间的关系进行了实证研究,结果表明在我国银行业市场中"结构-行为-绩效"假说和"有效结构"假说均不成立;作者还进一步从动态的角度,考察了我国银行业市场结构的变化对整体经营绩效的影响,发现"银行内效应"决定了我国银行业绩效变化的方向;但包括市场份额效应、交叉效应和进入效应在内的再配置效应也很重要,特别是行业绩效下降的时期,正的"再配置效应"改善了我国银行业经营的整体业绩,遏制了整体业绩的进一步下降.     

我国商业银行绩效实证研究——基于“小银行优势假说”的视角

本文主要就"小银行优势假说"在我国的适用性进行实证研究。由于我国国情的特殊性,这些优势在我国可能并非对应着小银行,因此本文的研究重点是这一假说所暗示的银行绩效和某些因素之间的关系。具体来说,这些影响因素主要包括市场结构、信息传递效率、银企关系发展程度、费用偏好和资产结构。     

影响证券业市场绩效的因素研究

根据影响市场绩效的市场结构假说(SCP假说)和有效结构假说(ES),本文构造了影响市场绩效的五因素分析回归模型。五因素包括券商市场份额、市场集中度、环境要素、技术效率和规模效率,并采用DEA方法来测度技术效率和规模效率因素,进而对回归模型结果作出理论解释。     

市场结构优化对我国产险市场规模的影响——基于地区面板数据的实证研究

我国保险市场结构优化的重要性充分体现在《中国保险业发展"十二五"规划纲要》之中。采用2004年～2010年跨地区面板数据的实证研究结果表明,产险市场竞争程度的提高对产险市场规模的影响先升后降,存在着最优的市场竞争水平,过度的市场竞争不利于产险市场规模的发展。总体来看,我国产险市场结构的优化仍有很大的空间。     

我国银行业市场结构与市场绩效的实证研究

本文运用非参数的数据包络分析法计算我国银行业的X-效率和规模效率，在此基础上对市场结构与市场绩效间的关系进行了实证研究，结果表明在我国银行业市场中“结构-行为-绩效”假说和“有效结构”假说均不成立；作者还进一步从动态的角度，考察了我国银行业市场结构的变化对整体经营绩效的影响．发现“银行内效应”决定了我国银行业绩效变化的方向；但包括市场份额效应、交叉效应和进入效应在内的再配置效应也很重要，特别是行业绩效下降的时期，正的“再配置效应”改善了我国银行业经营的整体业绩．遏制了整体业绩的进一步下降。     

信息假说、市场力量和中小企业融资

本文通过对中小企业融资理论的信息假说和市场力量的比较分析,偏好支持勒纳指数方法下的市场力量观点。结合中小银行在中小企业融资方面存在的比较优势,在市场力量观点的启发下,本文建议大力发展银行类中小金融机构,从资金供给角度来缓解中小企业融资难问题。     

我国证券投资基金业的结构、行为及绩效研究

我国基金业的市场结构正由寡占型向竞争型转变，这对规范和完善我国基金业的市场行为起了一定的积极作用。但是，本文通过实证研究发现，政府管制性壁垒和不合理的费率制度在我国基金公司带来高额利润的同时，并没有给投资者带来相应的投资回报；传统的有效结构假说和共谋假说对我国的基金业均不成立，而修正的有效结构假说能较好地反映我国基金业的市场绩效与市场结构之间的相关关系，本文最后提出了相关建议。     

我国财产保险市场承保效益影响因素分析

近年来,我国产险市场业务呈现快速增长态势,竞争主体迅速增多,市场集中度不断下降,竞争越来越激烈.市场不规范现象经常出现,费率下降,各家保险企业的承保效益出现普遍亏损现象,直接影响了行业的可持续发展和削弱了我国产险企业的市场竞争力.基于此,本文以我国产险市场上10家产险企业为样本,以2004至2008年的数据进行面板回归...     

FROM COMPETITION TO REGULATION: THE SIX-YEAR BATTLE TO REGULATE CALIFORNIA'S INSURANCE MARKETS

Abstract: The passage of California's Proposition 103 in November 1988 changed the State's regulatory structure for insurers from a competitive to a heavily regulated system. The six-year legal battle that followed resulted in several California Supreme Court and United States Supreme Court rulings and an ultimate implementation of rate roll backs on property-liability insurers on November 22, 1994. The study examines both property-liability and life insurers' returns. While only property-liability insurers are affected by the rale rollback and prior approval rate regulation, both life and property-liability insurers are affected by the proposition's other provisions. This paper examines the effect of successive changes on both types of insurance companies and analyzes the differential impact of the changes in regulatory structure.     

Religiosity and risk taking: Is there a demand-side effect?

Religiosity may impact firm risk taking via its risk averse employees or through risk-sensitive demand. Using detailed financial statements of property-liability insurance companies, we find that both religiosity at firms' headquarters and the religiosity of firms' largest geographic market are negatively related to firm risk taking. For firms with one salient market, the impact of market religiosity is approximately the same order of magnitude as headquarter religiosity. Our evidence suggests that firm risk taking is influenced by customer demand.     

Using a Modified DuPont System of Analysis for Understanding Property-Liability Insurance Company Financial Performance

ABSTRACT: The DuPont system of equations has been used for many years when performing financial analysis on corporate financial statements. It has not been used, however, for analyzing property-liability insurance company performance. This article shows that, with minor modifications, the DuPont system can be applied to the analysis of property-liability insurance companies. It aids in understanding the relationship between underwriting operations and investment results and illuminates the role played by the interaction of assets, premiums, and surplus. The author hopes that the modified DuPont system presented in the article can become a standard for performing financial analysis of property-liability insurance companies.     

Firm growth and efficiency in the banking industry: A new test of the efficient structure hypothesis

In this paper we propose a new test of the efficient structure (ES) hypothesis, which predicts that efficient firms come out ahead in competition and grow as a result. Our test has significant advantages over existing ones, because it is more direct, and can jointly test the so-called quiet-life hypothesis, which predicts that in a concentrated market firms do not minimize costs. We then apply this test to large banks in Japan. Consistent with the ES hypothesis, we find that more efficient banks become larger. We also find that market concentration reduces banks’ efficiency, which supports the quiet-life hypothesis. These findings imply that there is an intriguing growth–efficiency dynamic throughout banks’ life cycle, although our findings also suggest that the ES hypothesis dominates the quiet-life hypothesis in terms of economic impact.     

保险周期存在性的协整模型检验：基于中国市场的分析

本文对宏观经济波动可能引致保险周期的内在机理作了理论分析,然后利用协整模型并辅以误差修正模型验证了中国的现实情况,发现保险行业运行在长期来看与经济体系的发展较为一致,其周期特性得到间接证明,但经济的短期扰动对保险行业影响不大,同时,保险经营业绩与利率变动负相关,产险业的发展与宏观经济的联系不太紧密。     

Understanding price competition in the German motor insurance market

This paper analyzes price competition in the German motor insurance market since 1994 and looks for evidence to back up a claim frequently found in the trade literature—that there have been two recent price wars in this industry, the first in 1996–1999, the second in 2005–2006. In a first step, we analyze the development of the German motor insurance market and compare it to that of other property-liability lines of business. In a second step the applicability of price war definitions found in the marketing literature to the German motor insurance market is checked. In a third step, a comparison to reference cases from other industries, where price wars have been subject to academic analysis, is conducted to complement the analysis. We conclude that, contrary to reports in the trade literature, the periods of 1996–1999 and 2005–2006 should be considered as times of intense competition in the motor insurance industry, not as times of price war.     

Bank shareholder wealth effects of California's proposition 103

Proposition 103, approved by California voters on November 8, 1988, allows California state-chartered banks to become vendors of life, health, and property-liability insurance products. It is hypothesized that such a regulatory realignment should have resulted in a wealth increase for California state-chartered banks. An examination of the market response among these banks indicates a statistically significant positive stock price response on the dates of passage of Proposition 103 and a subsequent Supreme Court ruling upholding its constitutionality.     

我国人身保险市场结构变化与预测分析

虽然保险业经受了本次金融危机的考验,但是保险业可能成为系统性风险传导链条上的一环,因此,保险监管机构需要转变审慎监管方式,建立适合保险业的宏观审慎监管框架。在这个背景下,对中国人身保险市场结构现状有一个较为清晰和准确的认识就显得十分必要。研究发现:从全国范围来说,我国寿险市场主体数量较少,人身险市场集中度过高,市场结构为寡头垄断,但各地区的人身险市场结构又各有特点,经济发达地区人身险保险市场结构已经过渡到垄断竞争阶段。根据成分数据预测结果分析,在"十二五"期间,我国人身险的市场集中度继续呈下降趋势。     

Mergers and acquisitions in the US property-liability insurance industry: Productivity and efficiency effects

This paper analyzes the productivity and efficiency effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the US property-liability insurance industry during the period 1994–2003 using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indices. We seek to determine whether M&As are value-enhancing, value-neutral, or value-reducing. The analysis examines efficiency and productivity change for acquirers, acquisition targets, and non-M&A firms. We also examine the firm characteristics associated with becoming an acquirer or target through probit analysis. The results provide evidence that M&As in property-liability insurance were value-enhancing. Acquiring firms achieved more revenue efficiency gains than non-acquiring firms, and target firms experienced greater cost and allocative efficiency growth than non-targets. Factors other than efficiency enhancement are important factors in property-liability insurer M&As. Financially vulnerable insurers are significantly more likely to become acquisition targets, consistent with corporate control theory, and we also find evidence that M&As are motivated to achieve diversification. However, there is no evidence that scale economies played an important role in the insurance M&A wave.