国内创新平台研究热点及趋势：基于CSSCI数据库的研究

基于2000—2019年CSSCI数据库文献,借助CiteSpaceⅤ软件,通过关键词共现、关键词聚类等指标开展国内创新平台可视化科学计量分析,揭示20年间我国创新平台研究热点及趋势,探究未来创新平台新趋势。研究发现,国内创新平台研究经历了萌芽期、成长期和全面发展期3个阶段,且具有较强的时代性,其演化趋势与政府政策及时政时事密不可分;围绕创新平台的不同类型和建设前因,国内研究可概括为两大热点主题领域,即关于科技创新平台、产业创新平台和协同创新平台的建设、治理、运行及绩效评价等的研究,以及基于功能逻辑和现实逻辑,开展创新平台建设的主要前因分析。建议未来研究除关注大数据、“互联网+”和智能生产等新趋势外,更应构建创新平台的整合性研究框架,以探究创新平台的“冷启动”机制、动力机制及协调机制等,为创新平台发展提供指引和借鉴。     

企业创新网络演化机制双案例研究：企业家精神与关系嵌入驱动

企业创新网络逐渐成为现代企业创新活力的源泉,企业家精神作为一种主体参与式创新,可优化创新网络的关系嵌入,两者是驱动企业创新网络演化的重要因素。结合企业家精神和关系嵌入理论,采用探索性双案例研究方法,以贵州茅台和均胜电子为案例研究对象,按照“情境—过程—结果”逻辑,探析企业家精神与关系嵌入互动过程中企业创新网络演化的一般过程。研究发现：①不同阶段,企业创新网络的发展表现各异,企业家精神和关系嵌入的作用亦存在差异;②企业创新网络的演化遵循位点移动,整体呈“倒U”型;③企业创新网络演化机制表现为市场导向为主的内部驱动路径和技术导向为主的外部驱动路径。     

Identification of effective opinion leaders in the diffusion of technological innovation: A social network approach

Opinion leaders are the people in a social network who have the greatest influence on other people's acknowledgment or adoption of products/services in the diffusion process of technological innovation. In this research, we investigate which opinion leader is the best marketing choice in terms of diffusion speed and maximum cumulative number of adopters, using a social network approach and threshold model. On the basis of the simulation result, we find that opinion leaders with high sociality are the best ones for fast diffusion, whereas those with high distance centrality are the best ones for the maximum cumulative number of adopters. Moreover, we conclude that the characteristics of effective opinion leaders selected as initial adopters could vary depending on the characteristics of the social network and type of innovation. Finally, we find that opinion leaders affect the diffusion process only when the percentage of initial adopters reaches a critical mass.     

领导力的双要素与沟通

本文分析了以往学者们提出的领导力的概念和内涵．提出了“领导力的双要素内涵”的主张,即领导力具备着由对“事”的决策力和对“人”的凝聚力这两个要素的内涵。进而建立领导力的双要素模型,通过模型分析双要素决策力与凝聚力之间的关系。本文指出．提高领导力的一个重要因素为沟通．通过加强信息沟通可提高领导对“事”的决策力、通过加强情感沟通可提高领导者对被领导者的凝聚力．进而提高领导力。     

近20年北京和张家口地区滑雪场发展及其空间分布特征

滑雪场的空间分布及空间重心的变化可以反映出一定时期内区域冰雪体育旅游的发展趋势。以冬奥会赛区--北京—张家口地区(以下简称"京张地区")滑雪场为研究对象,通过重心分析方法,揭示了近20年京张两地滑雪场空间格局的变化特征,并据此划分了冰雪产业的发展阶段。结果表明:(1)1996—2018年北京市滑雪场建设大致经历了"快速扩张""中速发展"和"稳定发展"3个时期,而张家口则基本上呈现"缓慢萌芽"和"快速扩张"2个阶段;北京市滑雪场呈分散状分布,而张家口滑雪场则呈现集中分布。(2)近20年京张地区滑雪场空间重心总体表现为先向东南方向移动(由张家口到北京)而后又向西北折返(由北京向张家口)的趋势,2010年前后是转折点,而申奥等政策因素是促进重心移动路径发生逆转的主要原因。(3)京张地区滑雪场重心和规模重心移动较好反映了数量与规模的扩张速度,为理解京张地区以滑雪场为核心的冰雪体育运动发展提供了新的研究视角,为京张体育文化旅游产业带的健康发展提供了决策依据。     

Communication in repeated network games with imperfect monitoring

I consider repeated games with private monitoring played on a network. Each player has a set of neighbors with whom he interacts: a player's payoff depends on his own and his neighbors' actions only. Monitoring is private and imperfect: each player observes his stage payoff but not the actions of his neighbors. Players can communicate costlessly at each stage: communication can be public, private or a mixture of both. Payoffs are assumed to be sensitive to unilateral deviations. First, for any network, a folk theorem holds if some Joint Pairwise Identifiability condition regarding payoff functions is satisfied. Second, a necessary and sufficient condition on the network topology for a folk theorem to hold for all payoff functions is that no two players have the same set of neighbors not counting each other.     

Awareness,diffusion of information and reasons for adoption of vasectomy: a study of family planning in Bihar

A survey carried out to study problems related to Indian vasectomy camps organized at Patna and Jamue towns had the following major purposes: 1) to determine to what extent vasectomy adopters were aware of the family planning program; 2) to determine advantages perceived of adopting vasectomy; 3) to determine how the adopters became aware of the vasectomy camps; and 4) to determine why adopters chose permanent conception control. 200 adopters from Patna and an equal number from Jamue were selected, based on an accidental sampling technique whereby each adopter was contacted and persuaded to be interviewed. It was found that a majority of the adopters were illiterates. Among advantages listed by adopters, the importance of family planning seemed to be subdued by propensity to better their economic condition. It was seen that the literate adopters have a much higher proportion of awareness of the need for family planning and population control. Concerning diffusion of information, the informal and interpersonal sources were equally effective and conducive for the adopters. More than l/2 of the adopters relied upon information provided by friends. In general, higher levels of education correlate with less influence of friends as communicators. The official sources turned out to be effective for the more highly educated adopters. The following advantages were called out as reasons for vasectomy adoption by adopter : 1) permanence; 2) economical reasons; 3) no reason; or 4) many reasons. Whatever the reasons, it is obvious that vasectomy is gaining momentum gradually and people are becoming aware of the underlying advantages of permanent conception control.     

THE EXTENDED GOVERNANCE OF COOPERATIVE FIRMS: INTER‐FIRM COORDINATION AND CONSISTENCY OF VALUES

This work aims at providing a framework for the analysis of governance in networks of cooperative firms. It builds on four bodies of literature: cooperation, transaction costs, monopoly capitalism, production networks. The framework associates the specific principles that define the identity of cooperative organizations (self‐help, member ownership, democratic control, financial participation, limited capital remuneration) alongside more general governance levels (embodied values, property rights, control, resource allocation). We then apply the same dimensions to production networks and propose a stylized networking model for cooperatives. We introduce market power, and identify two polarized types of networks: (1) heterarchical forms of coordination based on cooperation and mutual help, (2) hierarchical coordination based on exclusive direction. We compare both types with our normative framework providing examples and brief case studies for each network type. Recommendations to scholars and practitioners point at the opportunity to discriminate inter‐firm relations and production development strategy in terms of the values of cooperation, at all governance levels.     

基于复杂网络的产业集群演化及其治理研究

产业集群是当前世界各国经济发展的主要方式,深入探讨产业集群的发展过程,有助于为集群的发展提供新的理论指导。本文根据复杂网络理论,运用扩展的BA网络模型来模拟产业集群的演化过程,对产业集群网络演化的特点进行分析,提出产业集群发展的初始、形成、成熟与平庸四阶段理论,并根据BA网络模型的仿真结果提出了针对产业集群各个发展阶段的治理对策建议。     

基于知识产权的组织间关系网络的演化特征

分析了基于知识产权的组织间关系网络的基本内涵和构成要素,将基于知识产权的组织间关系网络的生命周期划分为5个阶段——创立阶段、成长阶段、成熟阶段、衰退阶段和解散阶段,具体论述了各阶段的组织间关系网络的演化特征。以对450家企业的深度访谈和问卷调查为基础,通过描述性统计分析、因子分析以及多元方差分析来实证研究目标一致性、信息沟通以及信任等关系属性在各阶段的传递规律。研究结果表明,基于知识产权的组织间关系属性的顶峰阶段并非都出现在关系生命周期的成熟阶段。     

核心企业网络能力、创新网络与科创型特色小镇发展——以杭州云栖小镇为例

科创型特色小镇作为我国推行创新驱动发展战略的重要部署，对当地创新创业发挥着重要作用。拥有核心企业主导的创新网络的科创型特色小镇，具有更强的发展动力。因此，探索核心企业网络能力、创新网络与科创型特色小镇发展之间的关系具有重大意义。运用案例研究方法，以杭州云栖小镇为例展开研究，结果发现：①创新网络演化阶段可以划分为差距清晰化阶段、提升探索阶段和成熟规范化阶段；②核心企业网络能力对创新网络演化发展具有促进作用，并且在创新网络演化不同阶段存在差异性；③核心企业网络能力、创新网络和科创型特色小镇产业发展存在协同演化。     

Side-communication yields efficiency of ascending auctions: The two-items case

We analyze a simultaneous ascending auction with anonymous item prices, for two items that are substitutes. This popular format entails increased opportunities for coordination among bidders, since bids are observable and can be used as signaling. This has happened, e.g., in the Netherlands 3G Telecom Auction and in the FCC auctions.While it may seem that such bidding harms economic efficiency, we show that side communication may actually improve efficiency: We describe an ex-post subgame-perfect equilibrium, with limited communication, that is ex-post efficient. In contrast, without communication, we show that there is no ex-post equilibrium which is ex-post efficient in this auction.In this equilibrium, bidders initially report true demands, and then perform a single demand reduction at a certain point, determined using a single message exchanged between the bidders. This limited signaling opportunity resolves the strategic problems of myopic bidding, and may improve the social welfare.     

Discovery and social learning in non-priced environments: An Austrian view of social network theory

Our purpose here is to engage in a cross-disciplinary discussion between Austrian economics and social network theory. In particular, we ask what role social networks play in the extended order in regard to both individual discovery and whether social networks can be the source of widespread unintended cooperation among individuals unknown to one another. Although Austrians have examined the function that market prices play in generating social cooperation, such discussions tend to steer clear of non-priced environments, such as interaction within social networks. We seek to explore this gap. While we acknowledge that non-price information feedback mechanisms such as status and reputation lack the calculability so crucial to market coordination, we argue that they can nonetheless mimic other important qualities of market prices and generate widespread unintended social cooperation among people unknown to one another. After a general discussion, we apply these ideas to online philanthropic communities.     

基于ArcGIS的城市规划与土地利用总体规划协调——以浙江省龙泉市金沙新区为例

城市规划和土地利用总体规划“两规”协调研究已经历了定性研究阶段,即从编制内容、依据和技术标准等方面进行比较分析并提出两规相互协调和衔接的对策。随着3S技术的不断发展,“两规”协调研究开始进入定量分析阶段。文章以龙泉市金沙新区规划协调为例,应用Mapinfo7.0,把AutoCAD DWG文件格式转化为Mapinfo MID/MIF格式文件,基于ArcGIS进行叠加分析,由于改进了规划工作路线和技术方法,针对“两规”进行有效协调,取得良好的效果。     

Inequality and network structure

We explore the manner in which the structure of a social network constrains the level of inequality that can be sustained among its members, based on the following considerations: (i) any distribution of value must be stable with respect to coalitional deviations, and (ii) the network structure itself determines the coalitions that may form. We show that if players can jointly deviate only if they form a clique in the network, then the degree of inequality that can be sustained depends on the cardinality of the maximum independent set. For bipartite networks, the size of the maximum independent set fully characterizes the degree of inequality that can be sustained. This result extends partially to general networks and to the case in which a group of players can deviate jointly if they are all sufficiently close to each other in the network.     

Network architecture, salience and coordination

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of dynamic games in networks. In each period, the subjects simultaneously choose whether or not to make an irreversible contribution to the provision of an indivisible public good. Subjects observe the past actions of other subjects if and only if they are connected by the network. Networks may be incomplete so subjects are asymmetrically informed about the actions of other subjects in the same network, which is typically an obstacle to the attainment of an efficient outcome. For all networks, the game has a large set of (possibly inefficient) equilibrium outcomes. Nonetheless, the network architecture makes certain strategies salient and this in turn facilitates coordination on efficient outcomes. In particular, asymmetries in the network architecture encourage two salient behaviors, strategic delay and strategic commitment. By contrast, we find that symmetries in the network architecture can lead to mis-coordination and inefficient outcomes.     

Subgame Perfect Equilibria in Stage Games

It is well known that a stage game with infinite choice-sets, unless it contains a public coordination-device in each stage, may have no subgame perfect equilibria. We show that if a game with public coordination-devices has a subgame perfect equilibrium in which two players in each stage use non-atomic strategies, then the game without coordination devices also has a subgame perfect equilibrium. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C6, C7, D8.     

西宁市开发区企业的供应销售物流网络结构特征

借助Ucinet社会网络分析工具,构建企业供应销售两类网络,尝试分析内陆高原城市开发区供应销售物流网络的结构特征。研究表明:①供应物流网络在国内呈"U"型结构,即东西部强,中部弱;国际上供应商较少。供应货物流动结构呈地方化、非全球化的特征,表现出显著的地方资源导向。②销售物流网络格局跟供应物流网络大致相似,国内总体也呈"U"型结构;国际上呈现全球化销售较弱。销售货物流动结构呈地方化、弱全球化的特征,表现出企业主要服务青海省内需求的基本特征,同时也表现出东部化、全球化的趋势。③医药卫生、轻工食品及服装纺织行业,产业链完整,可提升地区产业结构;冶金矿产、石油化工及机械电子电工行业,在产业链中处于中游阶段,对产业升级影响较弱;交通运输行业,在产业链中处于下游阶段,一定程度上能促进产业结构的优化升级以及经济发展方式的转变。     

创新价值链视角下中小企业创新效率多维度研究

中小企业创新绩效提升和优化对我国经济发展至关重要。基于创新价值链视角,考虑企业所有权性质和生命周期、所属区域、行业多个维度,运用加法分解两阶段DEA模型对中小企业知识创新阶段和经济产出阶段效率进行评价。结果发现:企业所有权性质方面,国有企业两阶段效率都偏低,民营企业两阶段效率差距有限,合资企业研发效率远高于转化效率;企业所属行业方面,全行业研发效率普遍高于转化效率,信息技术两个阶段效率差距较大,其它行业次之,医药生物行业不显著;企业所属区域方面,东中西部地区研发效率和转化效率分别呈现“高低”、“低高”和“低低”现象;企业生命周期方面,生命周期不同阶段企业创新绩效存在显著差异。最后,基于上述结论提出相应对策与建议。     

Morphogenesis Of Social Networks And Coexistence Of Technologies ∗

The aim of the article is to relate the formation of influence networks to the coexistence of technologies in the long run. In the spirit of Plouraboue et al. (1998), we postulate that potential adopters of a technology are situated in a social network. In our model, initial relations are partly negative and all the expected utilities are revised in parallel. In the case of an exogenous network, opinions can fluctuate endlessly. When agents reallocate their relationships, this reinforces trust in agents whose opinion is close to theirs. As a result of this process, the network stabilizes in the long run, generating diversity in expected utilities.