经济发展与收入分配

党的“十六大”提出的全面建设小康社会战略目标在中国社会主义建设中具有重要的历史地位。这一发展目标具体地展示了本世纪头 2 0年我国经济社会发展的宏伟蓝图。全面小康社会建设能否成功 ,不仅取决于我国国民经济能否继续保持健康、快速的发展 ,而且还在于我国的收入分配制度的改革能否适应经济快速发展的要求。本文结合发展经济学基本原理 ,对经济发展与收入分配关系进行分析     

生产商主导 还是流通商主导---关于流通渠道控制的产业组织分析

商品流通渠道的分层结构是社会分工的产物,在一定的环境条件下,这种分层结构有助于降低交易费用,提高流通效率.处于流通渠道上的生产商和流通商出于对垄断利润的追求等目的,逐步建立起渠道控制力,形成一系列渠道控制方法.根据控制权的归属,渠道控制可分为生产商控制和流通商控制两种形式.本文力图从理论上对各种渠道控制类型形成的原因以及表现形式作出合理的解释,并就渠道控制权的归属以及转移的规律和趋势作出科学的判断.     

German investments abroad and foreign investments in the Federal Republic

The investments of residents of the Federal Republic of Germany in economic areas abroad and of non-residents in the economic area of the Federal Republic are the subject of the following article. Their development over the last fifteen years is analysed in regard to their geographical location and distribution over the various economic sectors. One of the questions to be examined is whether German investments in foreign countries are an alternative to exports from the Federal Republic or a necessary complement to such exports.     

Reforms — Not revolutionary changes

Development aid is rightly considered to be one of the most important tasks of our time. Irrespective of whether this aid is seen from the political, economic or simply from the humanitarian aspect, there is no question of its urgency and of its broad field of application. On the other hand, there, is very little agreement in donor and recipient countries about the adequate volume of development aid, the methods of raising it and the forms of distribution. But in view of the enormous magnitude and the diversity of range of this task, it would be a mistake to resign or—panic-stricken—to wish to achieve too much too soon. What donor countries can and must do is to plan aid within the limits of their possibilities and in accordance with the circumstances of developing countries and be resolute in its execution. The following interview shall help to clarify the principles and forms of West Germany's development aid, as well as improvements in its effective implementation.     

基于公路网络的区域物流中心区位的选择

物流中心选址的合理与否直接关系到物流中心未来的发展。文章以湖南省为例,从湖南省13个城市和一个自治州交通网络的分布角度,通过节点重要度的计算,然后运用层次聚类分析求得区域物流中心的等级分配。     

论邓小平流通经济思想的现实意义

邓小平始终强调以经济建设为中心,其流通经济思想内容十分丰富。他科学预见了流通国际化的发展趋势,为我国开展国际贸易、引进外资和进行流通体制改革提供了理论基础与政策依据;阐明了我国参与国际流通经济的方式,进而实现经济高速发展和改善我国的国际经济地位;揭示了科学技术这一重要生产要素的流通规律,明确了技术流通在现代流通经济中的重要地位。邓小平运用马克思主义基本原理科学分析了中国国情,研究了具有中国特色的流通经济发展的客观规律,并成功进行了一系列改革,形成了比较完整的流通经济思想体系。     

浅谈电子商务对物流的新要求及对策

本文从电子商务发展中的物流瓶颈问题出发,论述了电子商务对物流配送提出的新要求,进一步探讨了物流配送要适应电子商务发展新要求的有关对策,提出了物流配送如何改进方法,以快速、低廉的手段将商品从供方送到需方。     

我国大型家电连锁企业物流创新策略研究

在中国进入WTO与国际全面接轨以及网络信息化技术高速发展的今天,零售业面对全面对外开放接受国外竞争者严峻挑战,这对家电连锁企业的经营提出了新的要求,发展现代物流已成为大势所趋。企业物流能否快速、准确、低成本的进行成为各个家电连锁企业能否占有更大的市场份额,赢得更多消费者的关键。现在物流要求大型家电连锁企业将信息化与物流结合起来,利用先进的信息技术实行全方位管理,实现现代物流与电子商务紧密结合及货流、资金流、信息流和人才流的统一。     

烟草企业物流配送网络设计研究

近年来,我国烟草企业物流网络规模发展很快,但其快速发展的背后存在许多问题,如物流线路设计不合理,作业流程冗余,作业模式难以适应电子商务和供应链管理的需要,现代化、信息化水平严重滞后等。烟草企业建立现代物流配送网络已经迫在眉睫。文章通过对烟草企业物流配送网络特点及运作模式进行分析,提出了层次化的网络优化体系及方法论,对二级配送中心选址和线路设计等实际问题进行抽象并模型化,找到了应用启发式算法求解的方法。该模型还可推广到烟草行业以外性质相似的行业,对企业配送中心和物流中心的设施选址与配送路线设计具有一定的指导意义和较高的实用价值。     

收入分配相关问题思考及政策启示

当前收入差距拉大引发的社会极化问题已成为中国社会最为敏感问题之一。对于收入分配是否存在倒“U”型曲线、市场机制能否自动收敛收入分配差距、经济效率和社会公平如何平衡等三个问题的思考和价值判断,影响着中国公共政策的走向。而建立法制社会、规范政府行为等政策建议的提出,则为解决当前中国社会极化问题提供了一些有益的思考。     

Managing International Distribution Channel Partners: A Cross-Cultural Approach

Although the topic of conflict has been extensively studied in the distribution channels literature from a domestic perspective, there is relatively little published research examining the construct within the international distribution channels context. This is of particular concern because cross-national channel partnerships are on the rise, and divergent cultures may engender heightened conflict, which has a deleterious effect on channel performance. This article explores the extent to which different channel leadership styles, predicated on Hofstede's dimensions of national culture, can be effective strategies to manage conflict in international distribution channels. Specifically, the article examines whether the relationship between leadership style and conflict in international distribution channels is moderated by national culture. Additionally, the impact of manifest conflict on international channel partner performance is investigated. A conceptual model and research propositions are developed. The use of leadership styles to manage disagreements among international channel partners is argued to be culturally specific. International channel management implications and directions for future research are suggested.     

Preferential tariff reductions: The Philippine response, 1900–1940

The U.S.-Philippine preferential tariff relation (PTR) is examined to determine whether the growth of three major Philippine processing activities can be attributed to the PTR, and whether the PTR provided the Philippines with benefits of important magnitude. The PTR is shown to have been a significant determinant of Philippine production of the products, and of the geographic distribution of their export. The preference subsidy was not large in relation to total Philippine export revenue, although it was sufficiently large to suggest that at least two of the processing activities would not have developed without preference.     

广西北部湾经济区物流配送体系的构建及对策

环北部湾经济圈建设的加快将带动区域物流圈的形成,构建良好的区域物流配送体系将是环北部湾经济圈发展的重要保证。本文通过分析当前广西配送体系的现状,初步构建了广西基于环北部湾经济圈的轴辐式配送体系,并提出了相应的发展对策。     

论金融发展的资本部门分配机制

金融发展是通过优化资本在部门间的分配来促进经济增长的,故研究金融发展的资本部门分配功能,是金融发展理论的重要内容。金融结构论认为金融发展可以促进资本部门分配的结构改善,金融深化论认为金融发展强化资本部门分配的成本收益比较机制,内生金融发展理论则认为内生金融发展是金融优化资本部门分配的根本动力。     

The supply of international liquidity to developing countries

The gravamen of the comments by the developing countries on the problem of the supply of international liquidity is that since 1970 they have been at a great disadvantage as far as the distribution of the newly created international liquidity is concerned. At the annual IMF meeting in Manila in early October 1976 they therefore put forth a demand for a fresh allocation of SDRs¹. The question that has to be asked in this connection is whether the developing countries are justified in their criticism concerning the supply of liquidity and whether another SDR allocation is needed in order to solve their liquidity problems if any exist.     

An Exploration of Opportunities for the Growth of the Fair Trade Market: Three Cases of Craft Organisations

Businesses that maintain ethical standards have an advantage in the marketplace based on the increasing interest of consumers in products that have a social and ethical component. Fair trade organisations that adopt environmental, social and ethical principles in trading are in a good position to make the most of this growing interest in the market. However, it is unclear whether fair trade organisations are taking full advantage of emerging market opportunities for ethically traded products. This research explores this issue by describing the business strategies of three fair trade organisations that import and sell craft goods into Western countries and evaluates them in the context of this growing market. The research findings indicate that in order to remain in business, fair trade craft organisations have had to adopt better business practices in recent years, improving quality, customer service and product offerings to customers. However, growth appears to be limited, as distribution remains focused on a small, niche market. This paper explores the distribution strategies of two fair trade commodity organisations that are successfully reaching a wider customer base, demonstrating that fair trade products have a unique selling advantage in the mainstream marketplace. In conclusion, fair trade craft organisations are not exploiting this market opportunity to the degree they should and will need to explore wider distribution and alternative business strategies to expand their market share.Debora Randall completed her Masters of Management at Massey University, in Auckland, New Zealand. She is currently using her interests in business and community development to work towards practical economic solutions to poverty. She is living in Vancouver, Canada where she is working on a number of community economic development initiatives.     

中国发展失衡与国家发展战略的反思

当前中国发展失衡主要表现在三个基本矛盾的尖锐化:相当部分的国有资产被少数人非正常占有的矛盾、城乡两元社会结构的矛盾与行政区划和经济区划矛盾的尖锐化.这三个矛盾交叉激化集中反映在收入分配两极分化这个矛盾的焦点上.中国分配关系的失衡,目前主要还不是直接生产过程中按要素分配关系的失衡,而是在社会生产总过程中的租、税(费)、息这些再分配关系严重失衡.要理顺国家、企业(集团)和个人的分配关系必须"明租、正税、除费".要使中国失衡了的格局走向健康的发展道路,必须转变我们的发展观调整我们的发展战略.树立以人为本、以中为重、全方位开放的发展观,确立以内需为主、以充分就业为主的发展战略.     

时间价值与国际自由贸易新论

时间是一个特殊的经济学变量,时间投资的正确与否将影响收益的大小。而把时间投资中的新概念——时间机会成本和边际时间机会成本引入国际自由贸易中,以时间投资收益和时间机会成本的大小为标准,来分析贸易双方的利益得失和分配,将使国际自由贸易的发展方向更加明确化。所以这种全新的分析模式将为国际自由贸易理论的研究开创美好的未来。     

关于煤矿企业岗位工资的管理

随着市场经营机制的建立健全,煤矿企业职工工资收入分配以岗位定工资、以盈亏定效益,是实施按劳分配,实现企业发展、职工富裕的新型分配方法,也是市场经济条件下,企业职工爱岗敬业、保质保量完成本职工作的激励手段.     

Advertising-versus-marketing mix carryover effects: An empirical evaluation

This article examines whether market-share-carryover effects can be primarily attributed to advertising or whether other marketing-mix variables play an important role in describing such lagged effects.Eight different lag specifications including implicit, explicit, and mixed-effect models were tested using data representing 15 brands in three New Zealand consumer-goods markets.The results show that for the majority of brands examined, lagged advertising is more significant that the sustained influence of price and distribution. This result is explained in terms of the relative maturity of the product classes studied.