How hotels compete on the basis of competitive priorities and their relationship with infrastructural and structural decisions

This paper aims to investigate how hotels compete on the basis of competitive priorities. First, the study analyzes the relationship between competitive priorities and structural and infrastructural decisions. Second, it develops a taxonomy of hotels based on their emphasis on several competitive priorities. Finally, after identifying the groups of hotels according to their competitive priorities, their differences are analyzed regarding the importance and emphasis that they endow to operations decisions. Sixty-five hotels are surveyed, and valid instruments are designed to measure competitive priorities and operations decisions. The results show a positive relationship between competitive priorities, and each structural and infrastructural decision analyzed. Findings indicate that the three groups of hotels emphasize different sets of competitive priorities: cost and flexibility, “Do all” hotels, and quality and service. Finally, the results show significant differences among the groups of hotels in their emphasis on infrastructural and structural decisions. The consequences of competing in each of the categories of hotels are considered in the paper.     

试论网络经济的资源配置

经济学是以资源的稀缺性为出发点的，网络经济作为一种新的经济形态也离不开优化资源配置这一经济学主题。网络经济的出现改变了市场配置资源的过程，使资源配置的效率得到提高。     

分配与公平

分配的变化隐含在经济循环的过程中,只有改变了经济循环,才能改变分配格局。政府调节贫富差距,不应仅仅是说收入分配。贫富差距,有财产意义上的,有收入意义上的,甚至还包括消费意义上的。政府干预贫富差距应从结果转到起点上来,从消费、能力入手。在起点公平、过程公平,而参与者的基本能力又不因经济、社会因素而悬殊的情况下,经过市场竞争,即使存在收入、财产上的差距,那也是公平的。这样,政府对分配的干预就会收到事半功倍的效果,才可能避免社会两极分化。     

船舶制造装备发展趋势

一、造船装备发展现状现代造船正逐步采用自动化设备代替人操纵各种机械、采用智能化设备替代人脑劳动,从而向工厂无人化方向发展,这是科技发展规律,也是造船发展的必然规律。世界各先进造船国家造船装备的发展也基本如此。     

多层资本市场体系资源配置与风险配置的一致性分析

多层资本市场体系的建立既是我国资本市场改革与发展的需要,也是完善金融市场体系的重要内容。文章在对相关理论探讨的基础上,结合我国主板市场、中小板市场和创业板市场的相关实际数据,分别对我国多层资本市场体系的资源配置效率、风险配置效率以及两者的一致性进行了经验分析。分析结果表明:创业板的建立明显提升了我国证券市场的资源配置效率,但却对风险配置效率状况没有明显的影响,资源配置与风险配置仍然保持着相互割裂的状况。     

评判资源配置优劣的四个标准

资源合理有效地配置是任何社会所必须面对的一个最基本的问题。而资源的稀缺性及产出的有限性要求人们必须对资源配置方式进行多种选择,以实现对资源配置结果尽可能地高效率和高收益。不仅如此,资源配置方式和结果还与社会的经济制度及人们利益上的追求紧密相联,从而使得资源配置方式同时具有了社会性。评判资源配置优劣有四个标准,以期对资源配置最为本质的要求提出可以把握的基本内容。     

Budget Allocation Patterns of African Americans

The Consumer Expenditure Survey (1980–1992), Consumer Price Index (1980–1992), and ACCRA Cost of Living Index (1990) are used to construct annual household expenditure data from 1980 to 1992 to compare household budget allocation patterns of African Americans to Asian Americans, Caucasian Americans, and Hispanic Americans. Using the LA/AIDS demand system, researchers found that African American households have statistically significantly different budget allocation patterns in more than half of the 13 expenditure categories investigated in this study, after controlling for other socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.     

论温室气体排放配额的初始分配

温室气体排放配额初始分配的方式有无偿分配和有偿分配两类。无偿分配按照分配方法又分为基于祖父法则的分配和基于基准法则的分配。有偿分配主要有政府定价和拍卖两种。在当前各国的立法实践中,温室气体排放配额分配主要采取无偿分配方式。温室气体排放配额分配应当坚持效率原则、公平原则和环境效益原则,未来排放配额的分配应当采取有偿方式。     

论知识要素及其分配

知识经济时代,知识成为最重要的生产要素。知识要素参与分配和如何参与分配关系到知识经济的发展,业绩工资制是知识要素参与分配的主要方式。掌握知识的人将成为将来社会经济的核心,知识创新和技术创新成为经济增长的关键。     

水资源分配的博弈分析

基于集中机制和市场机制的水资源分配原则,根据我国水资源分配体制改革的大方向,提出了基于混合机制的主从递阶水资源分配模式,并建立了二层规划模型。该模型既能够反映出上层决策体——政府为优化自身目标而进行的宏观供水量的调控,又能反映出下层决策体——用水户在上层政府的宏观供水量调控下为使自身利益最大化而寻求的市场供水量。通过二层规划的求解结果,说明了这种新型水资源分配方式的有效性和合理性。     

浅谈钢筋混凝土浅圆仓配套设施的设计

结合钢筋混凝土浅圆仓工程的实例,简要分析了浅圆仓配套设施设计时的一些细节问题.     

城市配送导向转化的机理分析

2010年4月,商务部提出城市统一配送作为中国城市物流发展的主题,此前我国一直采用共同配送作为城市配送发展的导向。本文首先给出城市统一配送的定义,对城市配送的结构、社会属性、影响因素和系统的多维度复杂性进行了研究,对共同配送对我国城市配送发展的不利因素进行了分析,并提出了在我国城市实施统一配送的框架思路。     

Managerial Resource Allocation and International Performance

Abstract

The “global village” phenomenon has resulted in an increase in the number of articles devoted to examinations of international marketing strategy and, importantly, to its impact on international performance. Notably, previous research has examined the impact of standardization (versus adaptation) and the content of marketing strategies on performance. There is little empirical work on the relationship between the resource devoted to international operations and the success achieved in these operations. Given the important performance implications of this relationship, the research reported here adds to this limited body of research. First, it uses three measures of resources allocated to international operations, including international strategic planning, an underutilized construct in international research. Second, it includes two performance dimensions: objective and subjective (satisfaction). Third, it examines the relationships between allocated resources and the two performance dimensions. Finally, it examines these relationships in Israel, thus extending the generalizability of previous research. The relationship is tested with data from Israeli respondents to a mail survey. The results are used to generate international research and managerial implications.     

人力资本配置的系统研究

人力资本配置本质上是人力资本产权的市场交易行为。从系统论的角度看 ,对人力资本配置的系统研究存在着明显的层次结构性特征 ,即有效的人力资本配置问题的研究路径应遵从由企业向产业、地区、国家和全球方向逐级推进的逻辑顺序。     

Coordination in shared facilities: A new methodology

Shared facilities are a good example of the difficulties inherent in coordination problems and the benefits to be derived from creative solutions. Traditional methods employed by engineers and others, because they ignore an important aspect of the problem, can yield solutions that appear successful but which significantly underutilize these facilities. This article is intended to be an introduction to the types of problems that can arise and to a new method for systematically studying these problems. The method is illustrated with the results of a study done for NASA, on the coordination of the use of a Space Station, which produced a new computer‐assisted institution that outperforms existing institutions.     

如何防范资产减值准备计提不实

资产减值准备计提不实既会给企业造成损失,也给企业利用资产减值操纵利润留下空间。为防止计提资产减值准备不实,应健全会计制度,提高会计人员的素质,把握好谨慎性原则,发挥市场自身对盈余管理行为的约束力。尤其要加强资产减值准备的外部专业评估,提高减值准备披露的清晰度,为合理资产减值准备计提提供制度保证,以有效地避免制度性虚盈实亏,确保财务会计资料的真实性,为经营者的审慎经营以及投资者的谨慎决策提供可靠和相关的会计信息。     

产业结构升级与居民收入分配

产业结构升级是经济发展过程中的必然规律 ,居民收入差距扩大是我国近年来经济运行中的突出问题 ,所以必须从产业结构升级的角度来分析我国居民收入差距扩大的原因 ,并且要明确在产业结构升级过程中制定收入分配政策的出发点     

简论优化资源配置的标准

章认为，仅仅以获取利润最大化最为优化资源配置的标准是不够的。在社会主义制度下，还应当考虑满足人民生活需要、维护可持续发展、避免或减少浪费等方面的标准。     

虚拟企业利益分配有效性评价

虚拟企业是为了适应快速发展的市场环境而由具有不同核心能力的企业所组成的动态联合体。其利益分配的结果对提高虚拟企业的运行效率、增强合作伙伴的满意度,对以后的分配方案的制定具有重要的影响。在分析了利益分配有效性评价的目的和内容的基础上,采用二级模糊综合评判法给出了利益分配有效性评价程序并建立了评价标准。