基于决策方式的决策成本关系浅析

决策方式与决策成本之间有着极为密切的关系。但不论是理性决策还是感性决策,都应充分考虑决策方式对决策后的影响,体现决策成本的真实内涵。只有依最低决策成本点对应的决策方式进行决策,才能达到理性决策与感性决策的完整结合,做出具有前瞻性的决策。     

Decision-making authority in British supermarket chains

This article analyses the authority of store managers for the stocking and merchandising of British supermarkets in the period between the mid-1960s and the mid-1980s. Using oral history and business archive data, the article assesses the case of two broadly similar retail chains. It identifies variations between the firms in relation to the extent of centralised versus decentralised control at the start of the study period. It then shows how the firms came to operate an essentially similar approach by its conclusion. Explanations for the changes identified are drawn from an assessment of the retail environment, and differences between the firms in terms of corporate culture.     

论投资者决策行为模式中的倾向效应

行为金融研究发现 ,投资者的决策行为并非完全理性 ,“倾向效应”普遍存在于个人投资者和投资专业人士中。了解“倾向效应”及其心理动因具有积极的现实意义     

跨国公司生产分布决策的影响因素分析

跨国公司是当代世界经济中一支不可忽视的重要力量。它们从全球战略出发,在全球范围内组织生产与销售,从而既能很好地为当地市场服务(进行水平型投资),又能降低投入成本(进行垂直型投资)。跨国公司必须综合考虑服务水平和成本因素来决定怎样组织生产是最有利的。在生产分布的决策中有三个关键性的因素,即市场规模、要素禀赋和与市场的距离。其中市场规模是最重要的,因为即便是垂直型投资,子公司的产品大部分仍然是在东道国销售的。此外,外国直接投资显示了比其他生产方式更明显的聚集效应。     

Female consumers: Decision-making in brand-driven retail

This article is a theory-building exploratory study conducted to investigate how female shoppers make meaning in a branded-retail store shopping experience. This study extends research on retail consumers' decision-making and the retail shopping experience using hermeneutic phenomenology. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with respondents, who were self-identified customers of a leading intimate apparel retailer. The results suggest that consumers' retail shopping decision-making incorporates a complex set of interactive components that are brand-driven and simultaneously affect and are affected by the interaction of in-store shopping and retail setting. The findings show a rich understanding of the consumer decision-making process is achievable by including the actual in-store experience, consumers' prior contextual experiences and expectations regarding retail visits.     

The CRM process in retail and service sector firms in Japan: Loyalty development and financial return

Research on customer relationship management (CRM) in general has focused on the effects of customer satisfaction with CRM, customer retention and profit management, and the effects of CRM technique on performance. Conceptually, however, a sequence of effects of CRM is expected, from CRM implementation to financial performance, but this sequence has not been explored. Whilst several definitions of CRM have been proposed, this article defines CRM as relationship-development programmes based on IT. CRM is regarded as the integration of relationship technology (i.e. data consolidating and data mining) with loyalty schemes. Survey research was conducted in Japan in the retail and service industries to test three hypotheses: (1) a firm's relationship orientation has a positive effect on CRM implementation (data warehousing, data mining, using customer data for decision making); (2) CRM implementation has a positive effect on return on equity; and (3) CRM implementation has an indirect effect on return on equity, mediated by customisation. Using a structural equation model the first hypothesis was supported, but the third hypothesis was only partially supported. In these analyses a direct effect of CRM implementation on return on equity (ROE) was supported; however, a negative impact of customisation on ROE was found.     

物流配送决策模型

物流配送决策是一个涉及多种因素、多个目标要求的问题,常见的决策模型有单配送中心多用户模型、多配送中心多用户模型及时间窗约束模型,本文对上述模型都进行了深入的研究和论述。     

决策环境与企业风险分析

<正>企业风险是企业整体损失的不确定性,主要与决策环境有关。由决策因素导致企业战略活动不能达到预期目的所形成的决策风险是企业风险的主要来源。本文分析了心智模式、决策者的认知偏差和群体决策极化效应三类典型的决策环境与企业风险的关系,探讨了心智模式的偏离和     

Consumer Decision-making Processes in Mobile Viral Marketing Campaigns

The high penetration of cell phones in today's global environment offers a wide range of promising mobile marketing activities, including mobile viral marketing campaigns. However, the success of these campaigns, which remains unexplored, depends on the consumers' willingness to actively forward the advertisements that they receive to acquaintances, e.g., to make mobile referrals. Therefore, it is important to identify and understand the factors that influence consumer referral behavior via mobile devices. The authors analyze a three-stage model of consumer referral behavior via mobile devices in a field study of a firm-created mobile viral marketing campaign. The findings suggest that consumers who place high importance on the purposive value and entertainment value of a message are likely to enter the interest and referral stages. Accounting for consumers' egocentric social networks, we find that tie strength has a negative influence on the reading and decision to refer stages and that degree centrality has no influence on the decision-making process.     

供应链柔性决策机制的建立

在对供应链的决策机制的研究过程中,大部分都是源于传统的决策理论方法。在传统的决策理论研究领域一般分为两个阵营,一个是基于理性决策研究,另一个是基于行为规则的决策理论研究。对于前者大部研究者在假设决策者是理性的前提下给予了研究,在这个领域里往往会运用博弈论的知识对决策行为给予剖析。但是由于市场环境的复杂多变,使得理性决策有时在一定的条件下存在着极大的局限性。尤其是特定的供应链网络系统内,在面对多个决策主体在空间与时间上的非同步性时,如何对决策者之间的关系进行协调以及时地应对外界环境的变化,从而使供应链整体效益最优,是研究的主要目的。基于规则决策的观点,用群决策支持系统原理(GDSS)为供应链网络设立一种更为柔性化的决策机制。     

营销决策的边际分析法及理论探讨

在市场营销活动中,决策者必须讲究决策的科学化,针对市场经济状况作出合理的决策。为此采用数学分析及概率分析的方法对市场营销风险决策中的边际分析决策方法的真正实质给以理论上证明,同时也证明了边际分析决策方法与最大期望效益值决策法的一致性。从而为经营风险决策者提供一个方便可行的方法。     

期权定价理论与分阶段投资决策

以期权定价理论为基础，分阶段投资为主要形式，对分阶段项目的价值进行定量分析。新的投资决策方法大大降低了周期长，受不确定因素影响较大的投资风险，同时使投资主体作出科学、准确的决策，以提高创造财富的能力。     

不确定性决策与人民币汇率

运用不确定条件下决策的理论和方法,来分析人民币汇率风险评价及管理过程。研究表明,为规避汇率风险,应在完善汇率形成机制的同时,建立健全汇率政策信息的传递与反馈渠道;在微观方面,应积极建立衍生产品市场,为企业的避险行为提供有效的交易平台。     

供应链中二层决策问题研究

本文尝试性结合博弈理论、委托代理理论和二层决策理论,探讨在集成化供应链环境中,为保证供应链成员和供应链整体绩效,企业进行科学决策的研究思路.基于前面讨论的研究方法,结合质量方面案例,讨论企业在质量方面的决策.     

The Importance of gender Across Cultures in Ethical Decision-making

Business ethics attracts increasing attention from business practitioners and academic researchers. Concerns over fraudulent behavior keep attentionfocused on ethics in businesses. The accounting profession pays particularattention to matters of ethical judgment. The profession has adopted a strictcode of conduct and many states require the passage of an ethics exam to gaincertification. The more that is understood about the relationship of gender and ethics, the better chance of education and training programs will bedesigned to improve ethical awareness and sensitivity. Prior studies have found that personal characteristics are an important aspect of cultural norms.This study analyzes the responses of students from eight different countries toquestions on their probable actions to an ethical dilemma.     

试论铁路货运产品营销中的价格决策方法

本文指出,我国目前的铁路运输产品价格体制在价格形成机制和价格制定方法两方面存在或多或少的弊端,而要解决这一问题,首先应从制定价格的基础--成本的计算方法上着手,并借鉴国外先进企业所采用的作业成本法.而且铁路运输企业还应根据其战略目标,灵活地制定适应市场需要的货运产品价格.     

物流成本划分与企业物流成本管理

物流成本管理已成为企业获取竞争优势的关键因素。本文通过对我国企业物流成本费用的划分,分析了在企业物流成本管理上存在的问题,提出了企业强化物流成本管理需要解决的一些关键措施。     

科学决策与我国货币政策有效性

今年以来,我国实施了紧缩性金融宏观调控的货币政策。本文认为,提高我国货币政策的有效性涉及多方面的内容和要求,科学决策是提高货币政策效果的重要保证,特别是在目前,加强科学决策对提高货币政策的有效性尤其重要;货币政策的科学决策主要包括对货币政策取向的决策、货币政策调控力度的决策、货币政策工具运用的决策和货币政策时滞的判断的决策等内容。     

A process leading to strategic alliance outcome: The case of IT companies in China,Japan and Korea

Although theories and research have provided valuable information on strategic alliance, it still seems difficult for practitioners to overview the process and subsequent outcomes of strategic alliance in a single frame. This is because the conditions of alliance are different from one alliance to another, which makes it difficult for practitioners to apply existing research findings to their own cases. One of the ways to overcome such difficulties in practical application would not be focusing on alliance processes with unique or idiosyncratic features of each alliance but instead focusing on elements that exist in most alliances. To find out the process that leads to the outcome in strategic alliance that is easily applicable for practitioners, the current study measured the behavioral direction and relational outcomes of strategic alliance based on benefit and risk perception in information technology (IT) companies in China, Japan and South Korea. Results show that firms set the direction and the intensity of their participation in alliance based on benefit and risk perception. Specifically, while perceived benefits promoted active participation in alliance, perceived risks increased protective participation in alliance. Also, these behavioral directions predicted the relational outcome in strategic alliance such that while active behavioral orientation predicted commitment to the relationship with the partner firms, protective behavioral orientation led to dissolution of the relationship. The present study provides useful insights for strategy associates, and evoke more various and detached academic approaches in the field of strategic alliance discussions.     

农民工投资培训决策问题研究

利用实际调查数据,对农民工的培训投资决策问题进行研究。研究结果表明:农民工是否投资于培训取决于培训后的期望收益,这种期望收益要受到闲暇时间、培训信息、可支配收入、受教育程度、劳动力市场对技能的需求状况等方面的综合影响;在劳动力市场对技术性劳动力的需求旺盛且供给短缺的背景下,农民工投资培训的动力仍不足,根本原因在于超长的工作时间、匮乏的培训信息以及偏低的收入抑制了农民工的培训投资需求。由于制约农民工投资培训的因素中有诸多属于制度层面的问题,因此,需要政府介入,运用公共资源,通过增加财政投入、加强公共服务等举措提高农民工投资培训的能力,以实现社会公平。