从"铁本"让银行"贴本"看关联企业信贷风险的防范和控制

近年来从蓝田、银广夏、上海周正毅关联企业、深圳彭海怀兄弟关联企业到“铁本”等企业集团或家族关联企业贷款相继出现了问题。如何破解关联企业信贷风险这一难题，使商业银行不再因“铁本”而“贴本”，是当前我国商业银行的燃眉之急，也是各家银行必须研究的重要课题。以“铁本”为鉴，笔者剖析了当前我国商业银行控制关联企业风险的“软肋”，在此基础上提出了防范和控制关联企业信贷风险的原则和对策。     

从“铁本”让银行“贴本”看关联企业信贷风险的防范和控制

近年来蓝田、银广夏、上海周正毅关联企业、深圳彭海怀兄弟关联企业到铁本等企业集团或家族关联企业贷款相继出现问题 ,如何破解集团 (关联 )企业贷款的风险这一难题 ,是当前我国商业银行必须研究的重要课题。本文以“铁本事件”为鉴 ,剖析了当前我国商业银行控制关联企业风险的“软肋” ,在此基础上提出防范和控制关联企业信贷风险的原则和对策 ,值得一读     

我国集团性企业信贷风险分析及防范对策

集团性企业作为特殊的客户群体,一直是国内商业银行重点营销、积极介入的对象。蓝田股份、银广厦、农凯、铁本、科龙、德隆等事件的相继爆发,就向商业银行昭示了集团企业在给商业银行带来规模经营效益的同时,也随着集团性企业关联交易的空前发展产生了巨大的经营风险。也揭示了我国商业银行加强集团性企业信贷风险防范的重要性和必要性。本文在对集团性企业的信贷风险成因进行分析的基础上,提出目前我国商业银行对于集团性企业信贷风险防范的具体措施。     

论防范关联企业的信贷风险

近年来,频频发生的关联企业巨额贷款损失案件,暴露出我国商业银行对关联企业信贷风险控制机制的漏洞。当前亟待强化关联企业信贷风险的控制。本文分析了关联企业的信贷风险,并提出防控风险的对策。     

银行如何控制关联企业的信贷法律风险

关联企业信贷风险控制在银行信贷管理中十分重要。频频发生的关联企业巨额贷款损失案件暴露出我国现行关联企业管理制度的缺陷以及我国商业银行关联企业信贷风险控制机制的漏洞。由于我国对于关联企业方面的立法并不完善，因此，我国商业银行借鉴国外经验．采取措施加强对关联企业信贷业务的监督和管理，防范关联企业信贷风险显得尤为重要和紧迫。     

关联企业制度与银行信贷风险的控制和监管

关联企业信贷风险控制在银行信贷管理中十分重要.频频发生的关联企业巨额贷款损失案件暴露出我国现行关联企业制度的缺陷以及我国商业银行关联企业信贷风险控制机制的漏洞.我国亟待借鉴国外经验,强化关联企业信贷风险控制.首先,国家要完善关联企业立法,从法律制度上保障银行债权;其次,商业银行应建立关联企业信贷风险控制机制以及关联企业信贷信息咨询系统,并做好对关联企业贷款的统一授信、贷前调查和财务分析,选择合适的借款主体和担保方式,在借款合同中设置预防性条款,加强贷后管理;最后,银行监管机构要采取措施加强对关联企业信贷风险的监管.     

关联企业制度与银行信贷风险的控制和监管

关联企业信贷风险控制在银行信贷管理中十分重要。频频发生的关联企业巨额贷款损失案件暴露出我国现行关联企业制度的缺陷以及我国商业银行关联企业信贷风险控制机制的漏洞。我国亟待借鉴国外经验．强化关联企业信贷风险控制。首先，国家要完善关联企业立法，从法律制度上保障银行债权；其次，商业银行应建立关联企业信贷风险控制机制以及关联企业信贷信息咨询系统，并做好对关联企业贷款的统一授信、贷前调查和财务分析，选择合适的借款主体和担保方式，在借款合同中设置预防性条款，加强贷后管理：最后．银行监管机构要采取措施加强对关联企业信贷风险的监管。     

集团关联企业信贷风险防范探讨

本文在界定集团关联企业的研究范围的基础上,深入挖掘集团关联企业的特征及信贷风险,深入分析信息不对称与信贷风险的辩证关系,分析集团关联企业信贷风险形成原因,进一步从内部风险管理方面分析我国商业银行对集团关联企业的信贷风险防范的不足.本文认为,商业银行对集团关联企业的信贷风险防范是一个系统工程,应从法律建设、体制、机制、方...     

浅谈如何防范关联企业信贷风险

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的日趋完善，特别是随着民营经济的快速发展，以企业集团为主的关联企业如雨后春笋般崛起。关联企业融资的主要来源是商业银行贷款。但值得注意的是，在市场经济条件下，投资主体多元化、业务范围跨行业、跨地区的集团企业越来越多，企业间的关联关系日趋错综复杂，某些关联企业钻银行信贷管理制度不健全的空子，通过关联交易转移资产，甚至逃废银行债务，给商业银行贷款带来严重风险。同时，由于一些集团公司盲目扩张．管理混乱．缺乏诚信，利用关联企业多头套取银行资金，往往某一环节出现资金链条断裂，就会引起连锁反应，导致商业银行出现贷款集中度风险和关联交易风险，如众所周知的“德隆事件”、“农凯事件”．“铁本项目”等。鉴此，商业银行应高度重视，采取有效措施加强对关联企业的信贷风险防范。[编者按]     

"铁本事件"启示录

“铁本”让各方贴了本!“铁本事件”牵涉的不仅是当地政府、6000多农民,还有6家金融机构。“铁本事件”中6家金融机构共向铁本公司及其关联企业授信43.39亿元,其中实际投放贷款160多笔,合计25.6亿元。“铁本”项目叫停,直接影响银行投入资金的安全。前车之鉴,后事之师,商业银行     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.