倾销与反倾销的经济分析

倾销是一种国际价格歧视。根据“关税与贸易总协定”第6条即“反倾销税和反补贴税”条文,“一国产品以低于正常价值的办法挤入另一国市场,如因此对某一缔约国领土内已建立的某项工业造成重大损害或产生重大威胁。     

倾销对出口国经济发展的影响分析

随着经济全球化和国与国之间贸易活动的发展，倾销与反倾销已经成为一个争论话题，关于倾销与反倾销行为已经有过不少的分析，但大部分都是从进口国的角度来分析倾销的弊端。本文将试图从出口国的角度分析倾销的影响。     

出口企业规避反倾销风险定价策略

在贸易过程中,"倾销"属于一种不公平的贸易行为,是价格歧视的一种表现.世贸组织通过的《反倾销协议》中"倾销"的定义是一国(地区)的生产商或进口商在正常贸易过程中,以低于其他国内市场价格,甚至以低于成本价格,向另一国(地区)推销商品."反倾销"定义:进口国当局为了保护本国产业,对来自国外的倾销商品采取的强制性措施,以提高倾销商品在国内市场的售价,或减少进口数量.不管是"倾销"还是"反倾销",实际上都是一种价格行为,出口价格是确定倾销行为的关键因素.因此,对企业应对"反倾销"产品定价策略研究是一个十分重要的理论和现实意义.     

我国上市公司中的"双向歧视"现象及其在国有股减持中的应用

从对上市公司流通股和非流通股的比较分析中发现,市场中两者之间普遍存在着“双向歧视”的现象。通过数量分析,证明非流通股对流通股的歧视是主要方向,并在歧视现象的数学模型中发现了非流通股减持的价格。同时,运用该模型,宏观经济管理层可以对市场中的资金量和减持价格进行适度调控。     

倾销的经济学和法学研究

在国际经济加速一体化的当今世界，反倾销已成了各国保护本国工业、规避世界贸易组织贸易保护条款的一大利器。本文从经济学和法学的角度，研究了倾销的认定和倾销的成因，倾销行为以及反倾销规则，从而对完善我国的反倾销立法以及企业的反倾诉讼具有现实的指导意义。     

反垄断视角下中间品市场价格歧视研究——基于下游垄断竞争市场结构和非线性定价

在反垄断视角下研究中间品市场价格歧视行为是对价格歧视理论的进一步拓展。文章从经济学的角度出发,基于下游垄断竞争市场和非线性定价方式对纵向产业链中中间品不同定价方式的均衡进行了分析,目的是为规制机构合理规制相关产业提供理论依据,同时对《反垄断法》中相应的法律条款加以补充和细化。     

关于我国出口产品面对反倾销的若干思考

倾销是一种不正当的商业竞争行为,它被认为是价格歧视,扭曲了正常竞争机制体系,违背了公平竞争与公平贸易原则。反倾销是国际上通行的制止不正当竞争,规范国际贸易秩序,保护国内产业的重要手段。随着世界经济一体化     

倾销与反倾销的分析及我国的对策思考

本文首先在分析倾销行为并对传统的倾销定义质疑的基础上，提出了修改ＷＴＯ《反倾销协议》中的倾销定义的建议。其次运用博弈模型分析了西方国家对华反倾销的特点和这些特点形成的主要原因：外国对华的歧视待遇。最后笔者主张通过切实贯彻“谁应诉，谁受益”的原则和设立反倾销基金等措施，建立促使企业应诉的激励机制：反倾销要把长远战略和现实选择紧密结合；在博弈中通过与进口商合作增大获胜可能等。     

倾销与反倾销的经济学分析

本文从经济学的角度对倾销和反倾销进行了分析，认为倾销并非都是不公平贸易行为，有些情况下是一种商业策略。各国制定反倾销措施时，应认真考虑其成本和收益，慎重使用反倾销政策。滥用反倾销措施会成为新的贸易保护主义壁垒，降低进口国和全世界的福利。     

经济全球化背景下反“社会倾销”研究

世界经济全球化的进程大大加速,同时也产生了负面影响。发达国家近几年出现了一种"社会倾销论",并由此作为反倾销的理由。我们应从经济全球化背景下反社会倾销的原因分析,对社会倾销问题进行科学评估,并从逆向采购等角度,提出了我国应对反社会倾销的总体性策略。     

对我国应诉反倾销的竞争情报分析

目前我国企业屡屡遭受到国外的反倾销调查,而我们不仅应诉率低,而且胜诉率低,这与企业缺乏应对国外反倾销的竞争情报有着极大的关系。本文对反倾销过程中竞争情报所起的重要作用,其包括的主要内容及产出过程作了一定的研究。     

外商直接投资对东道国环境倾销问题的分析

本文通过分析FDI产生的原因,结合现有倾销定义,提出了一种基于生产过程的环境倾销定义。并以造纸公司为例,通过对比投资国公司与FDI公司环境成本的投入,探讨FDI是否产生环境倾销问题。研究发现该FDI公司环境成本投入要高于其在投资国的环境成本投入,没有构成环境倾销。     

Explaining Regional Differences in Black Earnings Discrimination among Full-time Working Men

Using data from the 2000 Census 1% PUMS, this paper analyzes the causes of regional differences in Black earnings discrimination. The methodology is a two stage process used to generate and analyze a cross section of earnings discrimination across cities. In the first stage, a city measure of discrimination is constructed using the Oaxaca decomposition method. The second stage then utilizes these estimated measures of discrimination as a dependent variable in OLS models to test various discrimination theories. While the second stage offers some evidence that increases in the size of both the Black labor force and immigrant labor force are positively related to greater discrimination, increasing overall income inequality is found to robustly increase Black earnings discrimination.     

Risk Aversion and the Winner's Curse

This article analyzes an auction in which bidders see independent components of a common prize value. The Nash equilibrium for two rational bidders is shown to be independent of risk attitudes. The information structure allows explicit calculation of an alternative equilibrium in which naive bidders do not correctly discount the value of the prize, contingent on winning, and thus they suffer the winner's curse. Subjects in a laboratory experiment clearly fall prey to the winner's curse; the data conform most closely to the predictions of the naive model. Moreover, the level of risk aversion implied by fitting the naive model is similar to an independent risk aversion measure obtained in a separate (private value) bidding exercise.     

孙冶方经济科学奖与中国经济学发展的关联:1984～2008

孙冶方经济科学奖作为中国经济学界的最高奖项,其设立和颁发极大地推动了中国的经济学的发展。从十三届孙冶方经济科学奖的历程中,可以看出中国经济学研究在方法论的完善、基础理论研究的拓展和实际应用价值上的较大进步,经济学在认识论和实践论方面的价值有了较大的提升。然而,与当代西方主流经济学和中国经济的快速发展及其对经济学研究的需求相比,中国的经济学研究还较薄弱,如何从根本上提升和改造中国的经济学研究,是中国经济学界面临的迫切任务。     

China's Anti‐dumping Problems and Mitigation through Regional Trade Agreements

The present paper explores the opportunities for China's regional trade agreement (RTA) initiatives to mitigate its anti‐dumping problems. The paper highlights the severity and discriminatory nature of China's anti‐dumping problems. The high concentration of the share of anti‐dumping actions taken by the top 4 and top 8 anti‐dumping initiators is noted. Our finding of a weak effect of existing RTAs on mitigating China's anti‐dumping problems supports the argument that China could become more active in mitigating anti‐dumping problems through RTA negotiations. An RTA can include a higher level of openness in exchange for an improvement in regional anti‐dumping provisions. Case studies on RTAs involving the EU, the USA and India offer some precedents for offering inducements and modifying regional anti‐dumping provisions. The approaches for China may lie in obtaining market economy status from intensive anti‐dumping initiators at RTA levels and also altering regional anti‐dumping provisions that could be put in place in exchange for some potential concessions.     

Sequential formation of alliances in survival contests

We consider a sequential formation of alliances à la Bloch (1996) and Okada (1996), followed by a two‐stage contest in which alliances first compete with each other, and then the members in the winning alliance compete again for an indivisible prize. In contrast to Konishi and Pan (2019a), which adopted an open‐membership game as the alliance formation process, alliances are allowed to limit their memberships (excludable alliances). We show that if members’ efforts are strongly complementary to each other, there will be exactly two asymmetric alliances: the larger alliance is formed first and then the remaining players form the smaller one. This result contrasts with the one under open membership, where moderate complementarity is necessary to support a two‐alliance structure. It is also in stark contrast with Bloch, Sánchez‐Pagés, and Soubeyran (2006), which shows that a grand coalition is formed in the same game if the prize is divisible and a binding contract can be used to avoid further conflicts after an alliance wins the prize.     

中国对外反倾销的经济救济效果评估

本文选取1997.3～2009.6中国反倾销案例涉案产品以及国内相关进口竞争性产业数据,通过面板数据模型,定量评估中国反倾销措施的经济救济效果。结果表明:虽然存在"贸易转移效应",但是中国反倾销措施仍然有效地抑制了对国外倾销产品的进口,即贸易救济效果显著;而强硬的反倾销措施为国内相关产业的发展提供了有力的支持,即反倾销措施对国内进口竞争性产业具有显著的救济效果。在此基础上,本文提出中国实施对外反倾销措施的路径选择与政策建议。     

Prizes,patents and the search for longitude

The 1714 Longitude Act created the Board of Longitude to administer a large monetary prize and progress payments for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. However, the prize did not prohibit patenting. We use a new dataset of marine chronometer inventors to show that the propensity to patent was high. We argue that while the prize spurred entry by key inventors, and progress payments facilitated research investment in an area of significant social value, patents promoted disclosure. Our findings highlight the importance of complementarities between prize and patent-based incentives in the design of innovation inducement contests.     

The demand for protection: A look at antidumping cases

Using data taken directly from the ITC's dumping case studies, the paper uses standard logit techniques to empirically investigate a US industry's decision to initiate a dumping case against its foreign competitors. A major finding is that a domestic industry is more likely to initiate a dumping case if there has been a recent surge in imports from that country, and if that country's imports represent a significant share of the US market. In addition, it is observed that depressed or declining industries tend to initiate cases with greater frequency. Support is found for the view that US manufacturers may initiate dumping cases in order to deter new entrants to US markets or to penalize such entry.