金融发展与城乡居民收入差距依从关系的实证研究

文章以1978-2007年间辽宁省金融发展与城乡收入差距的时间序列为基础对二者关系进行了Granger因果检验,结果表明辽宁省金融发展对城乡收入差距有单向Granger因果关系,进而以ADL模型和以向量自回归(VAR)模型为基础,运用脉冲相应函数和方差分解技术定量分析了金融发展对城乡收入差距作用的大小。得出金融发展与城乡收入差距之间存在协整关系,金融发展对辽宁省城乡收入差距有显著拉大作用,并据此就辽宁省金融发展与城乡收入差距提出政策建议。     

山东省城乡收入差距与金融发展的实证分析

本文通过对选取金融发展规模指标、金融发展效率指标、农村金融发展及城乡收入差距四个指标进行协整分析。进一步探求山东省城乡收入差距与金融发展的关系。实证结果表明:山东省金融发展与城乡收入差距存在长期的均衡关系,金融发展规模和金融发展效率对缩小城乡收入差距有积极影响。据此,本文从深化金融体制改革、遏制农村资金外流等方面提出相关建议。     

城镇化、对外开放与城乡收入差距

以城市化、对外开放与城乡收入差距的作用机制为理论基础,运用基于VAR模型的动态计量分析方法,对我国1978~2011年城镇化、对外开放与城乡收入差距的关系进行实证分析。结果表明,城镇化在短期有利于缩小城乡收入差距,在长期则会对城乡收入差距的扩大产生微弱的作用,而对外开放对城乡收入差距只具有短期的正向作用;控制变量金融发展水平有利于扩大城乡收入差距,财政农业支出有利于缩小城乡收入差距。因此,我国应有针对性地制定政策,从城镇化、对外开放、金融发展、财政农业支出4个层面采取措施,缩小我国的城乡收入差距。     

金融发展与城乡收入差距的实证分析——以江西为例

本文选取江西省1978~2011年的数据,利用误差修正模型对江西省金融发展水平与城乡收入差距进行实证研究。结果显示,江西省经济增长与城乡收入差距呈现库兹涅茨倒U型关系,金融发展水平与城乡收入差距之间存在长期协整关系,金融发展规模与城乡收入差距呈正相关关系,而金融效率与城乡收入差距呈负相关关系。     

我国金融发展与收入差距变化的动态关联研究

随着我国步入中等收入国家的关键时期,我国城乡收入差距问题再一次成为了众多国内学者关注的焦点。基于此,本文首先建立了衡量我国金融发展水平的综合性指标,然后通过与收入差距指标的协整分析,以及运用Granger因果检验法和方差分析,对1994年～2010年间我国金融发展程度与收入差距的关系进行了实证研究,结果表明,金融发展在短期内会对收入差距有一定影响,在长期内二者之间存在着一种均衡关系,且正相关。并针对如何缩小收入差距提出了一些政策建议。     

城乡经济金融二元结构研究——基于综合二元反差指数

创新性运用综合二元反差指数来计算和分析1978—2012年间我国城乡经济金融二元结构强度,并利用1978—2012年35年间的城乡居民收入差距、城乡经济综合二元反差指数、城乡金融综合二元反差指数和城镇化率等数据,构建VAR模型,通过Granger因果检验、协整分析得出:城乡经济金融综合二元反差指数和城镇化率对城乡居民收入差距的影响均为正;城乡经济和金融综合二元反差指数与城乡居民收入差距存在单向的Granger因果关系,城镇化率与城乡居民收入差距存在双向的Granger因果关系。     

城镇化、对外开放与城乡收入差距关系研究

本文以城市化、对外开放与城乡收入差距的作用机制为理论基础,运用基于VAR模型的动态计量分析方法,对我国1978—2011年城镇化、对外开放与城乡收入差距的关系进行了实证分析。结果表明：城镇化在短期有利于缩小城乡收入差距,而在长期则会对城乡收入差距的扩大产生微弱的作用,对外开放对城乡收入差距只具有短期的正向作用;控制变量金融发展水平有利于扩大城乡收入差距,财政农业支出有利于缩小城乡收入差距。在此基础上根据我国的发展现状,文章对实证结论进行了解释并提出了政策启示。     

西部地区金融发展与城乡收入差距关系研究

我国长期以来的金融抑制导致金融扭曲发展,而金融的扭曲发展对城乡收入差距的扩大必然会产生重要影响。本文利用西部地区各省1978—2008年间的面板数据,对金融发展水平与城乡收入差距的关系进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,金融发展规模和效率与城乡收入差距之间存在着长期稳定的关系,并且对城乡收入差距有显著影响,由于西部地区金融结构不合理,导致城乡收入差距不断扩大。因此,要缩小西部地区城乡收入差距,就需要鼓励农村内生金融健康发展,改变城乡＂二元金融结构＂,建立城乡互惠的金融制度。     

数字普惠金融、小微企业创业与城乡收入差距——党的二十大共同富裕目标任务路径探索北大核心

城乡收入差距问题是现阶段我国经济发展过程中的突出问题,研究数字普惠金融、小微企业创业与城乡收入差距之间的关系,对于贯彻落实党的二十大报告提出的实现全体人民共同富裕的现代化具有重要现实意义。在党的十九届五中全会提出的“全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展”“扎实推动共同富裕”的思想指导下,结合城乡收入差距扩大的现实,将2011—2019年北大数字普惠金融指数、地级市面板数据和工商企业注册信息数据相匹配,利用固定效应模型和中介效应模型,从小微企业创业视角出发,考察数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距的抑制效应及其背后的作用机制。研究结果表明:数字普惠金融的发展可以显著缩小城乡收入差距,且东部地区数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距的抑制作用要大于中西部地区;数字普惠金融不同维度的发展对城乡收入差距的作用效果不同,覆盖范围对城乡收入差距有显著的负向作用,而数字化程度和使用深度对城乡收入差距影响不显著。进一步的机制分析显示,数字普惠金融能通过促进农村居民创业和小微企业创业缩小城乡收入差距。     

金融发展、财政支持与城乡收入差距——基于1993—2010年省际面板数据的实证检验

本文利用1993—2010年我国省际面板数据,采用固定效应面板模型对我国东部、中部和西部地区的金融发展和财政支出水平对城乡收入差距的影响进行了实证分析,并比较了上述三个地区的差异。实证结果显示,金融发展规模和财政支出水平与城乡收入差距之间的关系存在区域差异：金融发展规模扩大了东部地区的城乡收入差距,但是对中部和西部地区的城乡收入差距则有抑制作用。三个地区的财政支出水平普遍与城乡收入差距呈正相关关系,但与东部地区相比,这种现象在中西部地区体现得更为明显。根据实证结果,本文提出了相应的对策建议。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.