基于价值链的电子商务推动福建茶叶产业集群升级研究

我国是农业大国,茶产业是我国农业经济的一个重要组成部分,福建是茶叶生产大省,省内拥有闽东、闽北、闽南三个茶叶产业集群,产业集群的发展壮大直接关系着福建茶产业的进步发展,茶产业效益的提升对于福建乃至我国的农业经济都具有一定的推动作用,在当前全球网络化、信息化发展的背景下,如何调整产业集群结构,促进产业集群升级,增强产业竞争力,完善产业价值链,是我们需要不断深入研究的课题.     

茶叶产业的商业模式分析

我国茶叶产业的发展经历了生产浪潮、流通浪潮以及消费浪潮;同时也经历了咖啡、矿泉水以及袋装茶叶的三次冲击。目前我国茶叶品牌的商业模式分为独立运营、借助商场以及依托大卖场三种形式,各有利弊。在未来,应该通过加强品牌建设、创新经营和做好安全质量控制来构建茶叶强势品牌。     

企业职工工资收入差距问题研究

市场经济的发展，使全国各行业的从业人员收入水平均有较大程度的提高，但行业收入差距呈现不断扩大的趋势，这已引起全社会的广泛关注。收入差距扩大不仅制约了经济的发展，还给社会稳定带来了极大的负面影响。建立一个合理、公正的收入分配方式是经济稳定发展的要求，也是社会和谐发展的要求。     

从工资收入谈如何构建和谐劳动关系

在当今社会环境下,进行有效的工资收入分配改革是建立和谐劳动关系的重要举措.分析我国企业现有工资支出体系和劳动关系的现状,思考如何构建和谐劳动关系.     

浅析云南省茶叶产业技术创新状况及对策

随着进入21世纪，传统产业的发展在世界经济一体化的推动下，开始向科学化、技术化发展，希望在技术创新的条件下使传统产业焕出发新的生命力。茶叶产业作为云南省的一个重要传统产业，由于生产、技术等各方面的原因，已落后于世界，甚至国内其他种茶省份，分析国内外茶叶产业技术创新的基本情况，对云南茶叶产业技术创新中存在的问题及对策分析与探讨。     

湖南省茶叶产业发展的现状、问题及对策

茶叶产业是湖南农业经济的重要组成部分,是促进农民增收的重要途径。然而近几年来,茶叶市场竞争日趋激烈,面临生产、成本和绿色贸易壁垒等多重不利影响。通过阐述湖南茶叶产业的发展现状,深入分析其存在的优质茶园规模不足、组织化程度有待提高,融资难制约产业发展、高端品牌不足,产品附加值不高、茶类结构不够合理,政策扶持力度不够、缺乏统一规范标准,茶叶出口难度大等问题,最后提出抓基地、抓人才、强品牌、强质量、重文化、重营销等一揽子建议。     

浅谈国有企业工资收入分配制度存在的问题及对策

当前,我国国有企业的改革目标就是要建立健全现代化的企业管理制度,而这其中一项非常重要的组成部分就是建立和完善科学合理的企业现代化的工资收入分配制度。本文就我国现阶段中国有企业在工资收入分配制度上存在的一些常见的问题进行分析和讨论,并提出相应的对策措施,从而更好的促进我国国有企业的建设发展。     

福建茶叶的品牌建设

福建省地处中国东南沿海，有着茶叶种植、生产加工及贸易的优越自然环境和经济环境，茶叶历史悠久，茶叶品质有口皆碑。武夷岩茶和安溪铁观音名列中国十大名茶，故福建有“世界乌龙茶故乡”美誉。然而福建茶叶在品牌建设上却不尽人意，虽有名茶，市场表现却值得深思，甚至沦为茶叶加工的原料茶。福建茶叶的品牌建设刻不容缓。     

福建茶叶的国际竞争力研究

福建是中国重要的茶叶生产省份,在中国茶叶生产与出口中占有重要的地位.茶叶生产在福建省的农业生产结构中占有重要地位,有1/10的人口从事与茶叶有关的生产经营活动.因此,茶叶生产及出口的状况如何关系到农民的收入及农村资源的有效配置问题.在国内茶叶市场需求相对稳定和供大于求的国际市场环境中,如何保持和进一步提高福建茶叶国际竞争力就成为一个迫切需要解决的问题.为此,文章力图通过从从国际竞争力的一些评价指标来分析这一问题.     

Influence Factors on Gender Wage Gap: Evidences from Chinese Household Income Project Survey

By constructing a gender wage gap evolution model, this paper examines the source and evolutionary process of gender wage inequality from a theoretical perspective. The purpose of this study is thoroughly investigating the factors affecting the gender wage inequality from the perspective of gender discrimination and variations in non-gender endowments. Based on the Chinese Household Income Project Survey Data, this study indicates that: (1) since companies continue to re-evaluate the gender endowment value of gender, the gender wage inequality exhibits an endogenous sustainability and self-reinforcing effect. (2) The gender wage gap of urban residents is derived mainly from the top tier of wages, while the gender wage gap of the migrant people is mainly determined from the bottom rung of wages. (3) Female age has a ‘U-curve’ impact on gender wage inequality from the standpoint of non-gender endowment differences, and the female age has an ‘inverted U-curve’ impact on gender wage inequality as a result of discrimination. (4) Female appearance and actual work hours are insufficient to affect the changing trend of gender wage inequality; however, h-register location and marital status are still considered to be very important.     

Statistical Discrimination and Gender Wage Gap: A Model

In this paper, I extend the model in Coate and Loury (CL) (1993) to show how statistical discrimination by employers can help create gender wage gap for men and women with equal earning potentials. Given that employers do not perfectly observe a worker’s skill type and partly rely on the average skills level of his (her) peers for inference purpose, employers’ differential treatment of male and female workers can create different skill-investment incentives for them, which in turn justify employers’ discrimination in the first place. The second result of this paper which is not possible within the original CL framework is that I point to the possibility that there exist circumstances under which the gender wage gap can not be eliminated without the formerly advantaged sex being negatively affected.     

中国城乡收入差距 影响因素实证分析——基于收入来源视角

中国城乡收入差距在1978～2010年总体呈上升趋势,收入来源分解显示工资性收入对城乡收入差距的贡献度最高,经营性收入和转移性收入的贡献度呈现此消彼长的趋势。计量模型显示总体受教育水平的提高导致工资性收入差距缩小,但城乡教育发展不平衡使经营性收入差距扩大,促进城市化进程不会缩短工资性收入差距,城乡金融发展差异的扩大进一步扩大了经营性和转移性收入差距。缩小城乡收入差距的主要措施包括提高教育水平,实现城乡教育公平、城乡金融均衡发展和均衡城市化进程。     

职业分割、性别歧视与工资差距

文章通过"晒工费"网络平台提供的调查数据,利用Appleton分解方法对我国城镇职工的性别工资差距进行了分解.结果表明,受教育程度、工作年限等人力资本水平对男女工贵差异有显著的影响,而且我国劳动力市场上存在一定的职业性别分割.分解数据显示,职业内工资差异与职业闻工资差异分别为22.5%和15.7%,即存在比较严重的纵向和横向性别职业隔离.此外,分析结果还揭示了职业性别歧视是导致城市男女工资差异的主要原因.     

Gender-Based Occupational Choices and Family Responsibilities: The Gender Wage Gap in Italy

This paper explores the relationship between the gender division of labor, occupational choices, and the gender wage gap in Italy. In Italy, cultural factors and low availability of formal childcare services define gender roles that are generally based on the male breadwinner model, in which childcare is almost completely entrusted to women. The analysis is carried out through an extension of the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and is based on data from the 2007 Italian National Institute for Workers’ Professional Development (ISFOL). The results are consistent with gender discrimination on wages and suggest that women’s occupational paths are often an outcome of limited choices, and that women’s unpaid domestic work negatively interferes with the energy women can put into paid work. These findings support the need to ensure gender equality in and out of the labor market, especially through deep changes in Italian social norms and through the development of formal childcare.     

Gender Segregation and Income Differences in Nicaragua

Despite having higher average education levels, Nicaraguan women still earn much less than men. Furthermore, the country has one of the highest levels of occupational gender segregation in Latin America. This paper aims to explain the gender income gap in Nicaragua, taking into account individual characteristics, engagement in specific occupations and sectors, and geographical location. Using a multilevel framework, the study finds that while a considerable part of the income gap can be explained by women’s employment in occupations and sectors with low remuneration, another substantial part of this gap is attributable to the prevalence of patriarchal gender norms – and thus cannot be explained by human capital factors. These results show that understanding labor market segregation is vital for comprehending the perseverance of the gender income gap, and they further imply that women’s progress in breaching the gender stereotypes in Nicaragua is still limited.     

Trade Liberalization and Gender Wage Inequality in Mexico

Abstract

After twenty years of trade liberalization in Mexico, the relationship between gender wage inequality and trade remains insufficiently studied, in spite of evidence of increasing numbers of women in industrial employment. This study aims to analyze the effects of export orientation and other characteristics that represent the industrial underpinnings of restructuring on gender wage inequality for 2001–5. There is consistent evidence of the negative impact of export orientation on men's and women's wages and the gender wage ratio, signifying that women lose in both absolute and relative terms. This result holds after controlling for women's share of employment and the skills of both genders, contrary to the expected effect from trade on equality. There is also a negative relation between a rise in the proportion of unskilled workers and the gender wage ratio, which suggests that the trade-induced skill hypothesis cannot be considered an adequate explanation for gender inequality.     

工薪起征点调整对企业影响的经济学分析

随着中国经济快速发展,中国的个人所得税税制已经不能适应实际需要,工薪起征点过低是目前个人所得税存在的主要问题之一,提高工薪起征点的个人所得税改革势在必行。对此提出了工薪起征点的调整方向,并运用经济学方法分析了工薪起征点调整后对企业净利润和分配政策等的影响。     

中国省际城乡收入差距的来源贡献度分析

中国各省市城乡收入差距在1997～2009年总体呈上升趋势,经济欠发达省市较沿海省市城乡收入差距问题更严重。收入差距来源分解结果显示:工资性收入差距对城乡收入差距的贡献度最高,经营性收入和转移性收入差距的贡献度呈现此消彼长的趋势,财产性收入差距影响微乎其微。缩小城乡收入差距的主要措施是提高教育水平的同时,保证实现城乡教育公平、城乡公共服务均等化和有序稳定推进城市化进程。     

Minimum Wages and the Gender GAP in Pay: New Evidence from the United Kingdom and Ireland

Women are disproportionately in low‐paid work compared to men so, in the absence of rationing effects on their employment, they should benefit the most from minimum wage policies. This study examines the change in the gender wage gap around the introduction of minimum wages in Ireland and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Using survey data for the two countries, we develop a decomposition of the change in the gender differences in wage distributions around the date of introduction of minimum wages. We separate out “price” effects attributed to minimum wages from “employment composition” effects. A significant reduction of the gender gap at low wages is observed after the introduction of the minimum wage in Ireland, while there is hardly any change in the U.K. Counterfactual simulations show that the difference between countries may be attributed to gender differences in non‐compliance with the minimum wage legislation in the U.K.