银行大前置系统技术架构探讨

大前置系统是各种交易发起渠道集中、统一的中间接入系统，把各种终端设备的前置系统和外围系统与银行业务主机系统分离，在大前置系统上集中实现到相关的不吲业务子系统的交易路由，是银行开展业务的交易发起终端和后台账务系统间的枢纽控制系统。     

神州数码打造华夏银行综合前置系统

日前，华夏银行与神州数码签订了“综合前置系统”项目合作协议。作为华夏银行“大集中”工程的一部分，新一代综合前置系统全面依托于EAI技术，以渠道整合、信息整合、服务整合、应用整合的全新理念，将有力促进华夏银行整合银行现有客户和服务信息。     

综合业务前置安全系统的设计

近几年来，随着中间业务日益受到各商业银行的高度重视，各种交易渠道不断发展完善，整个系统的安全稳定运行显得尤为重要。中国建设银行黑龙江省分行结合总行数据集中项目，建设了综合前置系统，整合了原有的中间业务系统和各渠道系统，使系统结构优良、清晰，利于稳定运行和系统维护，利于在此平台上进行新业务产品的快速开发；重新设计了一套安全系统，来保障综合业务前置系统平台应用层面的通信、数据存储、与其他平台数据交换等方面的安全。     

综合业务前置系统前端的设计思想

2003年建设银行总行开始实施全国数据大集中(DCC)项目。黑龙江省分行(以下简称我行)结合总行的数据大集中项目,对原有的中间业务系统进行了升级改造,设计和建立了一个以中间业务系统为核心,电话银行系统、网上银行系统、签约系统为辅的综合业务前置系统,原有的中间业务系统前端     

安全设置,让会计集中核算系统轻松上线

目前，人民银行地市中支会计集中核算系统已进入模拟运行阶段，即将上线运行。会计集中核算系统改变以往单机版的会计核算系统的模式，采用“客户端-中间件-服务器”的处理结构，各县支行成为中支核算中心下面的营业网点，网点前置机、综合柜前置机、联行柜前置机通过人行内联网和核算中心后台服务器通讯，     

ATMC统一平台系统的设计和实现

随着金融电子化和信息化的不断发展，自助服务逐渐成为银行服务客户的重要渠道。ATM作为银行的服务窗口，代表着银行形象、承载着业务信息，可为客户提供高效、便捷的服务。工商银行的ATM数量多、布点广、交易量大，早已得到客户的普遍认可。工商银行各分行完成主机上挂数据中心后，ATM改变了原来直联主机方式，通过综合前置机连接到主机，ATMC端程序也相应进行了变更。     

中心机房改造的整体方案与具体实施

伴随着中国农业发展银行数据大集中的实现，省级分行正在成为全行数据集中的大前置环节，在信息技术工作中发挥着承上启下的作用。省级分行中心机房作为保证各应用系统、网络安全稳定运行的基础平台，在建设与管理上也面临机房内设备和应用系统不断增多、网络连接方式愈益复杂、安全问题和管理矛盾日益凸显等诸多挑战。因此，如何科学有效地建设和管理中心机房成为数据大集中后省级分行信息技术工作的新课题。     

科学规划系统建设 实现跨越式发展

信息技术是现代银行核心竞争力的重要组成部分。＂十一五＂期间,中国农业发展银行（以下简称＂农发行＂）信息化建设实现跨越式发展,＂两大平台＂和＂三大体系＂建设取得重大突破,初步形成了以综合业务系统和信贷管理系统（CM2006）为业务经营核心、综合前置系统为系统接入核心、     

光大银行阳光卡大集中业务应用系统

中国光大银行是一家国有控股的、中国最具特色的新型股份制商业银行之一。中国光大银行阳光卡全国大集中业务系统是一个集全国中心业务主机系统、网络产品、应用系统、城市前置系统和终端设备为一体的系统集成工程。该系统由上海华腾软件系统有限公司开发实施,为光大银行各城市分行提供阳光卡业务服务及联接全国大集中业务主机系     

中央银行会计核算系统(ABS)前置机物理集中摆放和分散摆放之比较

中央银行会计集中核算系统（以下简称ABS）的一个核算处理单位由一个核算中心和若干个营业网点组成。核算中心主要由后台服务器、联行柜前置机、综合柜前置机、若干操作终端和打印机组成。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.