我国粮食价格波动与CPI关系的实证研究

本文根据我国1991—2010年的数据资料,首先对粮食价格指数与居民消费价格指数进行相关性检验,然后对二者进行单位根检验、协整检验与Granger因果关系分析,最后分析二者之间的脉冲响应函数。结论认为,粮食价格指数与居民消费价格指数存在显著的正相关性,二者具有长期均衡关系,居民消费价格指数对粮食价格指数的影响远大于粮食价格指数对居民消费价格指数的影响,仅存在居民消费价格指数到粮食价格指数单向的格兰杰原因。     

基于STR模型的国际粮价与我国通胀水平的非线性联动机制研究

基于平滑转换模型(STR模型),从非线性的角度对国际粮食价格与我国通货膨胀水平的关系进行了实证分析,选取国际粮食价格指数作为国际粮价指标,选择CPI指数作为通货膨胀指标,样本数据时间跨度为1987年1季度至2014年1季度。实证结果显示了国际粮食价格对我国通货膨胀水平的影响呈现很强的非线性转移动态特征,国内通胀水平依赖于转换变量(滞后1期CPI)的大小,在高区制状态与低区制状态之间进行非线性地转换,当转换变量小于拐点C时,国际粮食价格对通胀水平作用并不明显。当转换变量大于拐点C时,国际粮食价格明显地拉大了国内通胀水平,同时拟合数据的时间序列图与原始数据时间序列图的高度相似,很好地检验了模型的解释能力。     

中国粮食市场开放与国际粮食价格波动——基于粮食价格波动溢出效应的分析

本文采用协整检验和VAR模型分析了中国粮食价格与国际粮食价格之间的相互关系,并进一步利用BEKK模型分析了国际粮食价格波动对中国粮食价格波动的溢出效应。研究发现:中国粮食价格与国际粮食价格未表现出显著的协整关系,但随着粮食市场开放程度提高,中国粮食价格与国际粮食价格的协整程度逐渐增强;国际粮食价格波动对中国粮食价格波动具有重要影响,但其影响效果在不同粮食品种之间存在较大的差异;国际粮食价格波动对中国粮食价格波动具有显著的溢出效应,中国粮食市场开放强化了国际粮食价格波动对中国粮食市场的溢出效应。     

陕西省粮食价格波动影响因素分析

粮食安全问题至关重要。本文选用陕西省1999～2020年数据作为分析样本,探讨影响陕西省粮食价格波动的因素,通过建立VAR模型,并运用单位根检验、格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应函数以及方差分解,对粮食价格波动与各指标之间的关系进行实证分析,结果表明：粮食价格与粮食产量之间存在着双向格兰杰因果关系。粮食价格是农业生产资料价格、工业增加值和居民消费价格的单向格兰杰原因;粮食价格对自身的冲击响应效果最为显著,其次是粮食产量;粮食价格受自身和粮食产量、农业生产资料价格的冲击贡献较为明显。VAR模型的稳定性检验发现：AR特征根的倒数的模都落在单位圆内,表示VAR模型平稳,说明本文构建的VAR模型具有一定的合理性和科学性。     

我国主要粮食价格与CPI相互关系分析

利用VEC模型对1997-2011年我国粳米、玉米和小麦等主要粮食价格与CPI的月度数据的关系进行实证分析,研究表明:主要粮食价格和CPI存在协整关系,在协整方程中小麦和玉米与CPI的关系为正向,而粳米的价格与CPI的价格为负向；通过向量误差修正方程反映出来的粮食价格和CPI的短期关系中,CPI在一定程度上会影响粮食价格,但CPI的变化则更多受自身波动影响,粮价对其影响不显著,粮价和CPI的Granger检验验证了粮价和CPI的短期相互关系.因此要引导居民避免因为CPI变动形成的预期对粮价产生不良影响.     

专家认为:今年国内粮食市场价格下行压力加大

在市场波动较大的时候,通货膨胀和实际利率的状况会影响国有粮食企业和农民的存粮和售粮行为,而粮食作为一种资产,其价格变动具有特殊性。从1988～2003年,我们经历了三次大幅度的粮食价格上涨,而每一次都与通货膨胀相伴随。1988、1989年的物价指数分别为18.5%、17.8%,1994、1995年物价指数达21.7%和14.8%,上述年份的粮食价格上涨幅度都达30%以上。尽管已有研究证明是通货膨胀影响粮价变动而不     

粮价上涨不是我国通货膨胀的主要原因

粮价上涨不是我国通货膨胀的主要原因粮食价格上升对通货膨胀的影响在多数情况下不是主要因素，只在少数情况下，比如粮食价格剧烈上涨（超过２０％）时对通货膨胀有较大推动作用。（一）粮食价格上涨是一把双刃剑，一方面，它推动通货膨胀；另一方面它又有利于缩小工农产...     

粮食价格波动与经济周期的关联性初探

随着我国粮食流通体制改革的不断演进,市场调节功能不断增强,粮食价格已成为粮食生产和市场经营的主要风险.粮食价格受市场供需 生产成本、 价格制度、通货膨胀等因素影响,呈现周期性波动.改革开放以来,我国的商品价格和经济周期之间存在着一定的相关性 商品价格在一定程度仍然是市场供需力量对比的晴雨表,从价值层面影响着经济的走势.     

粮食、食品价格和CPI的VAR实证研究

综述了目前国内关于粮食价格、食品价格对CPI的影响机制的研究.选取2001年7月至2012年12月的月度数据,通过VAR进行了粮食冲击效应分析,采用Johansen检验进行了三者因果的验证,合理解释了食品价格和粮食价格、CPI三者之间的影响关系.结论：在研究的时间段中,粮食价格和食品价格的增长都会引起物价水平的增长;物价水平的上涨也会影响到粮食价格.但是,物价水平对食品价格、粮食价格对食品价格的变化却影响不明显.     

我国粮食价格波动影响因素分析

本文以粮食价格为主要研究对象,对1994—2018年粮食价格及其影响因素之间的关系进行实证研究。具体方法是对所有因素进行平稳性检验之后,利用格兰杰因果检验方法,提取显著影响我国粮食价格变化的因素,最后利用误差修正模型回归,分析各因素与粮价之间的数量关系。结果发现,在国际粮食贸易高速发展的情况下,国际方面的因素对我国粮食价格的影响越来越明显,粮食的进出口以及汇率对粮食价格发展影响显著。这对新冠肺炎疫情过后我国粮价维稳情况以及提升我国粮食市场在国际粮食贸易舞台上的作用具有战略性意义。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.