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1.
This article examines whether (1) government intervention causes bribery (or corruption) as rent-seeking theory suggested;
(2) a firm’s perceived benefit partially mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior,
as rational choice/behavior theory suggested; and (3) other firms’ bribing behavior moderates the relationship between government
intervention and a firm’s perceived benefit. Our study shows that government intervention causes bribery/corruption indeed,
but it exerts its effect on bribery/corruption through the firm’s perceived benefit. In other words, a firm’s perceived benefit
fully mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior. We also find that other firms’ bribery
positively moderates the relationship between government intervention and a given firm’s bribery. This study partly proves
that firms are rational actors. Potential benefit encourages them to practice bribery. Besides, this research also supports
the rent-seeking view of bribery/corruption, which argues that government intervention is a source of bribery/corruption.
However, we have also identified that only those government interventions that will create “rent” can cause bribery/corruption. 相似文献
2.
Christopher Baughn Nancy L. Bodie Mark A Buchanan Michael B. Bixby 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,92(1):15-32
Globalization leads to cross-border business transactions between societies with very different norms and regulations regarding
bribery. Bribery in international business transactions can be seen as a function of not only the demand for such bribes in
different countries, but the supply, or willingness to provide bribes by multinational firms and their representatives. This
study addresses the propensity of firms from 30 different countries to engage in international bribery. The study incorporates
both domestic (economic development, culture, and domestic corruption in the supplying country) and international factors
(those countries’ patterns of trade and involvement in international accords) in explaining the willingness to bribe abroad.
The propensity to provide bribes was the lowest when corruption was not tolerated in the multinational firms’ home countries,
when the firms’ countries were signatories of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) anti-bribery
convention, and when those countries traded heavily with wealthier nations. Further, these findings are maintained when controlling
for levels of economic development and cultural values in the supplying country. In terms of culture, firms from high power
distance countries showed a somewhat greater propensity for providing bribes in transactions with less-developed nations. 相似文献
3.
Why Firms Engage in Corruption: A Top Management Perspective 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This study builds upon the top management literature to predict and test antecedents to firms’ engagement in corruption. Building
on a survey of 341 executives in India, we find that if executives have social ties with government officials, their firms
are more likely to engage in corruption. Further, these executives are likely to rationalize engaging in corruption as a necessity
for being competitive. The results collectively illustrate the role that executives’ social ties and perceptions have in shaping
illegal actions of their respective firms. 相似文献
4.
This study explores the relationship between managerial networking and corporate morality in a guanxi context where personal relationship is widely used for organizational purposes. Using a sample of 6361 Chinese private firms, we find a significantly positive relationship between managerial networking and corporate social responsibility, including corporate charitable donations and environmental protection, and an insignificant relationship between managerial networking and the prevalence of business bribery. We also find that such relationships depend on corruption perception, that is, when corruption perception is high, the negative effects of managerial networking are more likely to rise but the positive effects of managerial networking are more likely to be weakened. These results are robust and consistent across various measurements and models. 相似文献
5.
Factors Influencing the Incidence of Bribery Payouts by Firms:
A Cross-Country Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article explores micro- and macro-level variables that influence the incidence of bribery payouts by firms. A rich data
set with information from 55 countries was utilized to achieve this objective. Results of logit regression models indicate
that there are a number of micro- and macro-level factors that significantly affect the incidence of bribery payouts. This
suggests that it is not only the characteristics of a firm but also the environment of doing business that affect the firm’s
bribery decision. The results of this study provides information that may help firms develop strategies to reduce corruption
in their respective industries and thereby improve their image of corporate social responsibility. The analysis also points
to possible policy directions that governments could undertake in order to reduce the incidence of bribery in their country.
相似文献
6.
Drawing on risk mitigation theory, this article examines whether the improvement of firms’ social performance reduces debt
financing costs (CDFs) in China, the world’s largest emerging market. Employing both the ordinary least square (OLS) and the
two-stage instrumental variable regression methods, we find that improved corporate social responsibility (CSR) reduces the
CDF when firms’ CSR investment is lower than an optimal level; however, this relationship is reversed after the CSR investment
exceeds the optimal level. Firms with extremely low or extremely high CSR are subject to a higher CDF. The results also suggest
that the optimal CSR level for small firms is higher than that for large firms. This study is the first to document a U-shaped
relationship between CSR and CDF and also the first to investigate this relationship within an emerging market context. 相似文献
7.
Recent perspectives on a capabilities view of the firm often recognize the need for firms to develop an external organization.
From a relational view of the industry, the external organization may include economic and non-economic exchange relationships.
The decision to combine both types of relationships and its relevance for the firm can be linked to their role for accessing,
generating and diffusing knowledge. More often than not, these decisions are however not unilateral. This paper discusses
the potential role that Technological Centers (TC’s), created by the collective initiative of some local firms, can play as
part of firms’ external organizations and emphasizes TC’s role in connecting economic and non-economic exchange relationships.
It is further suggested that the diverse motives and benefits perceived by firms in relating in and across the TC’s and, in
general, the relevance of sharing experiences within these contexts, should be seen in the wider context of firms’ specific
and idiosyncratic trajectories. 相似文献
8.
Elena Fraj-Andrés Eva Martinez-Salinas Jorge Matute-Vallejo 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(2):263-286
Since it implies a reduction in the quality and the quantity of the natural resources, environmental degradation is a present
day problem that requires immediate solutions. This situation is driving firms to undertake an environmental transformation
process with the purpose of reducing the negative externalities that come from their economic activities. Within this context,
environmental marketing is an emerging business philosophy by which organizations can address sustainability issues. Moreover,
environmental marketing and orientation are seen as valuable strategies to improve a firm’s competitiveness. However, the
literature that has analyzed the link between environmental strategies and firms’ results has been inconclusive and contradictory.
In this study, we propose and test a model that analyses how the implementation of ecological issues within a firm’s marketing
strategy and orientation influences organizational results. Data were obtained through a survey sent to Spanish manufacturing
firms. The results show that environmental marketing positively affects firms’ operational and commercial performance and
this improvement will influence their economic results. Moreover, environmental marketing is revealed as an excellent strategy
to obtain competitive advantages in costs and in product differentiation. Thus, this study agrees with the researchers who
affirm that environmental strategies positively affect firm’s competitiveness while reducing environmental impact. 相似文献
9.
Ning Li 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,80(4):771-789
One challenge that globalization has brought to business is that firms, as they expand their market globally through cross-border
alliances, need to deal with partner firms from countries of different religious background. The impact of a country’s dominant
religion on its firms’ international market entry mode choices has not been examined in traditional approaches. Focusing on
hypothesizing the influence of Christian beliefs and atheism (i.e., the absence of belief in any deities), this research aims
to fill the gap by exploring religion’s role in providing moral restraint on managers’ propensity for opportunism, which in
turn affects these managers’ choices of their firms’ international market entry via non-equity alliances or joint ventures.
A study of 22,156 cross-border alliances formed in 48 industries world-wide over 9 years provides new insight toward understanding
religion’s influence on firms’ international market entry mode decisions through the ethical dimension of strategic leadership.
This article would fit best under the International Management section for reviewing purposes. 相似文献
10.
C. Gopinath 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(3):747-754
While public (or government) corruption has attracted a lot of attention, private (or business) corruption has been relatively
under-addressed. A specific form of corruption, namely, paying a bribe to a public official, is easily identifiable as unethical
and possibly illegal, but this is not clear in a private business context. Yet private bribery also has serious organizational
consequences. This exploratory study suggests that individuals have difficulty in recognizing the ethical connotations of
potential bribery, and draws attention to the need to build skills in this regard.
C. Gopinath is a professor in the Management Department, Sawyer Business School, Suffolk University and is a visiting professor
at the Institut D’Administration des Entreprises, Aix en Provence. His research, teaching and consulting interests span strategic
management and international business. His current work is titled ‹Globalization: A multidisciplinary system’ (Sage, forthcoming). 相似文献
11.
Relatively little research has examined the effects of ownership on the firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). In addition,
most of it has been conducted in the Western context such as the U.S. and Europe. Using a sample of 118 large Korean firms,
we hypothesize that different types of shareholders will have distinct motivations toward the firm’s CSR engagement. We break
down ownership into different groups of shareholders: institutional, managerial, and foreign ownerships. Results indicate
a significant, positive relationship between CSR ratings and ownership by institutions and foreign investors. In contrast,
shareholding by top managers is negatively associated with firm’s CSR rating while outside director ownership is not significant.
We conclude that different owners have differential impacts on the firm’s CSR engagement. 相似文献
12.
We analyze ethical policies of firms in industrialized countries and try to find out whether culture is a factor that plays
a significant role in explaining country differences. We look into the firm’s human rights policy, its governance of bribery
and corruption, and the comprehensiveness, implementation and communication of its codes of ethics. We use a dataset on ethical
policies of almost 2,700 firms in 24 countries. We find that there are significant differences among ethical policies of firms
headquartered in different countries. When we associate these ethical policies with Hofstede’s cultural indicators, we find
that individualism and uncertainty avoidance are positively associated with a firm’s ethical policies, whereas masculinity
and power distance are negatively related to these policies.
Bert Scholtens received his Ph.D. at the Universtiy of Amsterdam. Since 1999 he has been working at the Department of Finance
of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. His research particularly looks into the interaction between financial institutions
and corporate social responsibility. He has published in, among others, Ecological Economics, Journal of Banking and Finance,
Finance Letters, Journal of Investing, Sustainable Development, and Journal of Business Ethics. Lammertjan Dam is a Ph.D.
student at the Universtiy of Groningen. He expects to defend his thesis about the integration of corporate social responsibility
in economic valuation in Summer 2007. 相似文献
13.
Corporate Philanthropic Disaster Response and Ownership Type: Evidence
from Chinese Firms’ Response
to the Sichuan Earthquake 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This article examines whether the charitable giving amount and likelihood of firm response to catastrophic events relate to
firms’ ownership type using a unique dataset of listed firms in China, where state ownership is still prevalent. Based on
the data of Chinese firms’ response to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, we find that the extent of corporate contributions for
state-owned firms following this disaster is less than that for private firms. State-owned firms are also less likely to respond
in␣this disaster compared to private firms. The results also␣reveal that firm size, profitability, geography, cash resource
available, and leverage affect firms’ philanthropic disaster response behavior in China. 相似文献
14.
Stefano Colombo 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(4):325-349
We study the pricing policy equilibria emerging in a partial collusion duopolistic framework where firms in the first stage
of the game choose non-cooperatively the pricing strategy (perfect price discrimination or uniform pricing), and from the
second stage onward collude on prices. We show that for intermediate discount factors and high firms’ asymmetry, the unique
equilibrium is characterized by only the smaller firm choosing price discrimination. In the case of intermediate discount
factors and low firms’ asymmetry, there are two possible equilibria: both firms price discriminate or no firm price discriminates.
When the discount factor is particularly high or particularly low both firms price discriminate in equilibrium. 相似文献
15.
Huong Van Vu Tuyen Quang Tran Tuan Van Nguyen Steven Lim 《Journal of Business Ethics》2018,148(4):847-858
Using a nationwide survey of provincial institutional quality and a sample of private manufacturing small and medium scale enterprises (the SMEs), this paper contributes to the literature by considering for the first time the effects of corruption on the financial performance of Vietnamese private SMEs. Interestingly, contrary to previous findings, we find that corruption when measured by a dummy variable, does not affect firms’ financial performance after controlling for heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity. However, the intensity of bribery and the majority of the forms of corruption were found to have negative impacts on firms’ financial performance. Hence, a typical approach using only a dummy variable for bribery might not adequately evaluate the impact of bribe intensity or even ignores the negative impacts of some types of bribes on firms’ financial performance. The findings suggest that anti-corruption measures are vital for the development of the Vietnamese private SMEs. 相似文献
16.
Impact of firm size and age on the export behaviour of small locally owned firms: Fresh insights 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Densil Anthony Williams 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2011,9(2):152-174
This paper analyses the impact of size and age on small firms’ export behaviour. A review of the literature reveals that the
extant conclusions are fragmented, inconclusive and limited in geographical scope. This study aims to address these limitations
by analysing small, locally owned firms’ export behaviour from a novel location that has never been studied in the extant
literature. The study draws on data from Jamaica, a small, open Caribbean economy. The statistical analysis revealed that
size, not age, has a significant impact on export behaviour. Furthermore, other factors such as the owner’s previous international
job experience and foreign travel experience also play an important role. These findings have implications for future research
on the export behaviour of small firms, especially those from emerging environments. In addition, they provide export policy
makers who are engaged in export stimulation among small, locally owned firms, with profile of firms that have a greater proclivity
to export. 相似文献
17.
18.
In recent years, firms have greatly increased the amount of resources allocated to activities classified as Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR). While an increase in CSR expenditure may be consistent with firm value maximization if it is a response
to changes in stakeholders’ preferences, we argue that a firm’s insiders (managers and large blockholders) may seek to over- invest
in CSR for their private benefit to the extent that doing so improves their reputations as good global citizens and has a
“warm-glow” effect. We test this hypothesis by investigating the relation between firms’ CSR ratings and their ownership and
capital structures. Employing a unique data set that categorizes the largest 3000 U.S. corporations as either socially responsible
(SR) or socially irresponsible (SI), we find that on average, insiders’ ownership and leverage are negatively related to the
firm’s social rating, while institutional ownership is uncorrelated with it. Assuming that higher CSR ratings is associated
with higher CSR expenditure level, these results support our hypothesis that insiders induce firms to over-invest in CSR when
they bear little of the cost of doing so. 相似文献
19.
This paper investigates the importance of transport costs in new venture internationalisation, i.e. of firms that start exporting
before they are 3 years of age. It does so by merging two large international datasets, on the firm level (covering 49,584
firms) as well as on the country level (covering 154 countries). It is found that transport costs matter significantly for
new venture internationalisation, for older firms’ decision to export, as well as the extent of the latter’s subsequent exports.
Export costs, the quality of transport infrastructure and domestic logistics costs affect new venture internationalisation
even when controlling for a range of standard determinants. New international ventures behave differently from older firms
in two important ways: (1) Transport costs affect the probability that they will export but not the extent of their subsequent
exports and (2) their probability of exporting is affected negatively by their networking, domestic success and ISO status,
whilst in the case of older firms, these factors have a positive impact. Various recommendations for policy and further research
are made. 相似文献
20.
This study makes use of a sample of Greek manufacturing firms during 1995–2001 in order to analyze Gibrat’s law. We find Gibrat’s
law is rejected for the total sample of firms, since persistence of growth plays a key role. The classification of firms in
size and age groups, however, yields more interesting results: Gibrat’s law is rejected for micro, small, and young firms,
since an inverse relationship between firm growth and initial firm size is found along with a persistence of growth rates
in subsequent periods. In contrast, Gibrat’s law is accepted for medium, large, and old firms, implying that the growth patterns
of these categories follow a random walk and do not tend to persist in subsequent periods. 相似文献