The Timing and Subsequent Performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Companies that have listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange by means of a public offering between 1980 and 1991 have subsequently performed poorly. This long run post issue performance is remarkably consistent with the South African evidence for seasoned rights issuing companies and the international evidence for both initial public offerings (IPOs) and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). Over the four years post issue, the newly listed companies earned an average return of 18.0% as opposed to 81.5% for a size-matched sample of seasoned companies. This study adds to the increasing body of international evidence suggesting the IPO under performance 'puzzle' referred to by Ibbotson (1975), Loughran and Ritter (1995) and Spiess and Affleck-Graves (1995) is not simply sample or country specific.     

试析网上证券交易侵权责任的归责原则

网上证券交易作为证券交易的一种交易形式,在给证券交易带来便利和快捷的同时,也给相应的立法和司法提出了新的需求和问题。作为网上证券交易发展历史较短的我国,随着网上证券交易的实践逐步增多,其中的民事侵权行为也开始出现,而对网上证券交易侵权责任归责原则的认识是对侵权行为认定的核心,对民事侵权的立法和司法显得尤为重要。本文对我国网上证券交易侵权责任归责原则进行探讨,以期对我国网上证券交易侵权责任的认定、民事侵权制度的完善及我国网上证券交易民事侵权的实践起到积极的推动作用。     

Interday and intraday volatility: Additional evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange

After examining both the interday and intraday return volatility of the Shanghai Composite Stock Index, it was found that the open-to-open return variance is consistently greater than the close-to-close variance. Examining the volatility of interday returns and variance ratio tests with five-minute intervals reveals an L-shaped pattern, or more precisely, two L-shaped patterns, starting with a small hump during both the morning and the afternoon sessions, with the morning session having a much higher interday volatility than the afternoon session. This L-shaped interday volatility is supported by the similarly shaped intraday volatility pattern. This result suggests that the high volatility of intraday returns for the market open is not entirely due to the trading mechanisms (call auction in the market opening) but also due to both the accumulated overnight information and the trading halt effect. The five-minute breaks after the auction and blind auction procedures are the two major driving forces which exaggerate the high intraday volatility observed at the market open.

Tests of Weak‐Form Efficiency of the Dhaka Stock Exchange

Abstract:   Conflicting evidence on weak form efficiency of the Dhaka Stock Market appears to stem from the use of monthly versus daily data, structural changes after the 1996 market crash, and the use of tests with or without heteroscedasticity adjustment. Heteroscedasticity‐robust tests indicate short‐term predictability of share prices prior to the crash, but not afterwards. Although a heteroscedasticity‐robust Box‐Pierce test was used by Lo and MacKinlay (1989) in their simulations, our study appears to be the first to apply this test to stock prices. Typical rejection of weak‐form market efficiency by the usual autocorrelation tests may be reversed by a heteroscedasticity‐robust test.     

The Cross-Section of Stock Returns on The Shanghai Stock Exchange

This study explores the cross-sectional stock return behavior on the A-share market of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), which is segmented from world's other equity markets. We estimate the effects of beta, firm size, book-to-market equity ratio and a variable unique to the Chinese stock markets, the proportion of firm's floating (tradable) equity over total equity on SSE stocks over the period 1993–2002. We find that smaller firms and value stocks perform better. Systematic risk is negatively significant in down markets. The proportion of floating equity has no direct effect on stock returns. JEL Classification: G14, G15     

How much equity capital did the Tokyo Stock Exchange really raise?

Even though the channelling of equity capital from savers to listed firms is one of the primary functions of a stock market, not much effort has been devoted to the problem of measuring the phenomenon. External equity financing, traditionally associated with the issue of new shares, depends also on the sale of already issued shares. This additional form of collection of equity capital becomes relevant when the firms of the market are connected by cross-shareholdings (as in Japan): the phenomenon of equity carve-out is a relevant example of equity financing obtained through the sale of existing shares. The paper presents a model for computing the equity capital raised by companies listed in a given stock exchange over a specified period of time, which is non trivial when firms are connected by cross-shareholdings. A numerical computation of the net amount of equity financing in the Tokyo Stock Exchange in the period 1971–1992 is reported: it shows that the net (or true) measure is significantly different and, in most cases, lower than the conventional one.     

人民币汇率波动与中国股票价格报酬之间的相关性——基于2005年至2007年的实证分析

本文以2005年7月21日至2007年9月18日的中国股价与人民币兑美元的名义汇率数据,利用GARCH模型来探讨在这段时间内人民币汇率波动对中国股票价格报酬的影响。实证结果得知,在这段时间内人民币兑美元名义汇率波动是负向影响中国股票价格报酬的,也符合有价证券余额理论的主张;汇率市场对股票市场的影响在宏观决策中应予以高度重视。     

Volatility Spillovers Between Stock Returns and Exchange Rate Changes: International Evidence

We investigate interdependencies between stock returns and exchange rate changes for six industrialised countries, namely the US, the UK, Japan, Germany, France and Canada, by testing for volatility spillovers using a bivariate EGARCH model. Volatility spillovers from stock returns to exchange rate changes are found for all countries except Germany. These spillovers are symmetric in nature. No evidence is found of volatility spillovers from exchange rate changes to stock returns for any country. Spillovers from stock returns to exchange rate changes have increased since October 1987. This finding is consistent with the notion that international financial markets have become increasingly integrated.     

Efficient Markets Hypothesis and the Emerging Capital Market in Sri Lanka: Evidence from the Colombo Stock Exchange – A Note

The behaviour of stock prices on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) is examined with a view to determine its consistency with the weak form of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH). Runs, Autocorrelation and Cointegration tests are applied to daily, weekly and monthly CSE index data for the period of January 1991–November 1996. Results of Runs, Correlation and Cointegration tests overwhelmingly reject the serial independence hypothesis, leading to the conclusion that the behaviour of stock prices in the Colombo Stock Exchange is not consistent with the weak form of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis. Tests of the-day-of-the-week-effect, however, show that there is no evidence of such a phenomenon on the Colombo Stock Exchange stock prices. Results of the tests of the-month-of-the-year-effect lead to the conclusion that CSE prices do not display any month-specific behaviour.     

汇率制度改革后中国股市与汇市关系——人民币名义汇率与上证综合指数的实证研究

本文利用协整检验和Granger因果检验的计量方法研究了汇率制度改革后中国股市与汇市的关系。实证结果表明,汇率制度改革后中国股市与汇市存在长期稳定的协整关系,人民币升值是中国股市上扬的单向Granger原因。最后,本文利用国际收支和资本流动理论对这些实证结果作了进一步解释,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

证券流转税:现状分析、国际趋势与改革思路

我国目前的证券税制以证券交易印花税为主体税种。从长远来看,我国应逐步完善证券流转税制,实行证券交易税和印花税兼征制度。改革我国的证券流转税,在证券交易环节用证券交易税代替印花税,不能仅限于更名,而应有实质性的改变。     

我国证券市场税收制度的问题及对策

目前,中国的证券市场正向着市场化、国际化、规模化、专业化的方向发展,但证券税收制度却存在着种种不足,影响了我国证券市场的规范、健康、稳定发展。构建完善的证券市场税收制度应该从以下几方面着手:适时开征证券交易税;完善证券投资所得税;完善证券交易所得税,调节证券交易级差收益;统一证券市场。     

全球股票市场交易费用变动趋势研究

各国证券交易所为提高市场质量和增强国际竞争力,进行了股票市场交易费用结构与费率的频繁调整。本文首先总结了美国、英国、日本、香港等国家和地区交易所现行交易费用的结构特征,并以纽约证券交易所和伦敦证券交易所为案例估算了交易费率的调整比率。其次,本文运用2002年至2010年期间主要海外证券交易所的财务数据和市场数据,分析交易费用变动与交易所经营业绩的互动关系。最后,我们对欧美市场交易费用的大幅下调进行了成因分析,并探讨我国证券交易所内外部环境及经营特点与海外市场存在的差异,提出相关启示和思考。     

The valuation of projects under the dividend imputation tax system

This paper proves that a modified weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) valuation methodology is a rigorous and practicable method of valuing projects and companies under the Australian dividend imputation tax system. This methodology uses an effective tax rate in calculating both the discount rate and the ungeared after tax cash flow. A cash flow after effective corporate tax is shown to be equivalent to a cash plus value of imputation credit stream. Importantly, this valuation methodology is applicable to returns that are non-uniform and of finite duration. Also examined is the discounting of equity returns at the company's cost of equity capital. A worked example is presented to clarify and quantify the effects discussed.     

Intraday technical analysis of individual stocks on the Tokyo Stock Exchange

This paper conducts an intraday technical analysis of individual stocks listed on the Nikkei 225. In addition to the price-based technical rules popularly examined in the literature, we uniquely propose and statistically investigate technical rules that utilize information regarding (1) the order-flow imbalance and (2) the order-book imbalance. Technical analysis using the imbalance-based trading rules is motivated by the evidence presented first in this paper that short-term returns can be predicted from the information regarding the order-flow and order-book imbalances for more than half of Nikkei 225-listed stocks. However, we demonstrate that no strategies, including limit order trading where trading signals are derived from the order-book imbalance, beat the buy-and-hold strategy within our sample. The results imply that past prices and demand/supply imbalances do not contribute to profiting in intraday trading and that non-execution and picking-off risks are too large for limit order trading to be profitable in our sample.     

Transaction Costs and Price Volatility: New Evidence from the Tokyo Stock Exchange

We investigate the volatility impacts of the full commission deregulation in Japan in October 1999, and find that the deregulation overall tends to significantly increase price volatility in the Japanese equity market, using alternative model specifications and control variables. This finding contrasts with previous evidence that implies a positive relation between transaction costs and price volatility, while consistent from the converse with the hypothesis proposed by Stiglitz (1989) and Summers and Summers (1989). Our results suggest that imposing higher transaction costs might still be a feasible policy tool for stabilizing the market by curbing short-term noise trading.

Stock exchange demutualization,self-listing and performance: The case of the Australian Stock Exchange

This paper examines the effects of the recent spate of financial exchange mutual-to-stock conversion phenomenon on the performance of listed exchanges and the quality of the stock market using the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) as a case study. We find that the ASX stock significantly outperformed the stock index and the control group on a market-adjusted return basis. The stock market performance is driven by strong operating performance. The profitability ratios of the ASX have significantly improved in the five years following the demutualization and self-listing. The performance improvements remain significant even after controlling for growth in the Australian economy. From a market quality perspective, we document evidence of increased trading activity by foreign investors after ASX’s demutualization and self-listing. Interestingly, we also find that bid-ask spreads of the stock market have narrowed in the post-conversion period. In particular, small-cap firms have become more liquid. The results show that stock exchange conversion from mutual to publicly traded exchange is not only value enhancing for the exchange and its shareholders, but it is also beneficial for the stock market as a whole.     

我国证券市场税收政策浅析

我国现行以证券交易印花税为主体的证券税制,在组织财政收入、调节证券市场、抑制过度投机等方面发挥了一定作用,但还存在一些不足之处。建议:进一步调整证券交易印花税的征收办法;建立一套系统、健全的证券税制;消除对公司和股东个人股、红利的重复征税;统一上市公司的企业所得税政策。     

Stock prices and the flow of information in the Athens Stock Exchange

The paper investigates the dynamics of price changes and information flow to the market in the Athens Stock Exchange in Greece using daily data over the period 1988 to 1993. A generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) model in stock returns is shown to reflect time dependence in the process generating information flow to the market. Using daily trading volume or value as proxies for information flow, we find them to be significant in explaining the variance of daily returns and to reduce GARCH effects substantially. This has implications for the informational efficiency of the market.     

上交所与银行间国债市场的新券效应及比较

新券效应与国债品种特征、投资者行为和市场微观结构均有密切关系。上交所和银行间国债市场的新券效应不仅存在共同点，也存在明显差异。在交易额占比最大的基准国债品种上，两个市场均表现出显著的新券效应。但由于投资者行为存在差异，上交所国债市场的新券效应更倾向于中长期国债品种，而银行间国债市场的新券效应更倾向于短期国债品种。而且，上交所国债市场的指令驱动交易方式便于连续交易和信息披露，方便考察新券效应，而银行间国债市场仅能在较短时间内考察新券效应。在上交所国债市场上，中长期国债与国债回购的利差更大，有利于现券回购套利投资，中长期新券吸引套利投资者积极参与，也促进了新券效应。