小农经济条件下的农业企业化经营

我国是一个农业大国,广大农村仍然属于一家一户的小农经济,同时我国农村又进入了一个重要的发展时期.加快农业市场化进程,大幅度提高农业的劳动生产率,建设现代农业,必须立足国情,在坚持家庭承包经营的基础上,发展农业企业化经营,实施农业生产方式和组织制度创新,提高农业竞争力.本文阐述了农业企业化经营面临的问题并提出相应的对策.     

Australian On-line Information Sources for Business and Economics

This article describes Australian-produced on-line databases containing information on the Australian economy. It includes discussion of bibliographic, full text and statistical databases. The advantages and disadvantages of using on-line systems are assessed.     

Prospects for the Australian Economy in 1984*

Recent economic developments provide the backdrop against which Australia's economic prospects in 1984 are examined. Factors which will contribute to a mild recovery are identified. It is argued that the fiscal stimulus of the 1983 budget could, via the discretionary component, have been even larger without causing a serious monetary or balance of payments problem. This view partly rests on the maintenance of the prices and incomes Accord which, it is suggested, will need to be reinforced by changes to taxation scales in 1984. However, even if employment grows strongly, unemployment will remain at high levels in 1984.     

PoJjcy and the Australian Economy, 1977

At the end of the first quarter of 1977 the available economic indicators, while as usual far from univocal, still give cause for serious concern about the health and direction of the Australian economy. With no significant expansionary factors operating in the economy in 1977 other than the revival in the mining industry and in some aspects of business investment, and the various arms of economic policy being set almost entirely in a restrictive stance, aggregate output would appear to be either flat or declining modestly at the present time. On the basis of a continuation of present policies we would anticipate growth in real non-farm GDP of only 2 to 3 per cent in both 1976–77 and 1977–78, with unemployment continuing to increase until well into 1978. Given the stimulus to inflation arising from the 1976 devaluation and from the wage effects of the Medibank changes, the rate of increase in the consumer price index would seem likely to be 14 to 15 per cent in 1977, even if a partial wage indexation policy could be sustained and whether or not a one quarter wage/price deferment comes into effect. But government pressure on the Arbitration Commission for a reduction in real wages has placed the wage indexation system in jeopardy, and there is now considerable uncertainty about the methods of wage fixation which will obtain in 1977–78. This article surveys some aspects of recent developments and considers some policy options available to the government.     

E–Commerce and the Australian Economy

This paper considers the likely impact of e–commerce and the Internet on the Australian economy. It surveys literature on the extent and development of e–commerce in Australia and its impact on the shape of the Australian economy. Evidence for the 'renewal' of the Australian economy is presented and examined, especially the question of whether Australia has enjoyed increases in productivity as a result of the production and/or use of new information and communications technology. Australia is seen as broadly well placed to benefit from the Internet and e–commerce. Traditionally isolated from the world's main economic centres and reliant on commodities in international trade, the advent of the Internet is ideal for a country in transition to a service–orientated, knowledge–based economy. As the composition of Australia's exports becomes more service–orientated and knowledge–intensive, traditional trading links with Europe and North America may strengthen relative to those with Asia.     

Brookings on the Australian Economy*

This paper offers a review of two central issues of macroeconomic management, nominal wage determination and the relative roles for fiscal expansion and real wage restraint, discussed in the Brookings study of the Australian economy. Consideration is given to the book, The Australian Economy: A View from the North, edited by Richard E. Caves and Lawrence B. Krause, George Allen & Unwin, Sydney 1984, and to the January 1984 conference discussion.     

外部经济失衡与中国经济发展的策略选择

外部经济失衡是中国经济面对的一个重要外部矛盾。外部经济失衡的主要表现是中国与美国等西方主要发达国家的贸易逆差巨大,贸易摩擦增多,西方国家增强了贸易保护以便限制中国产品出口,导致中国经济发展中的外部环境恶化和经济增长速度趋缓,失业加剧。为解决面临的困境,中国需要从对外经济战略、满足国内市场需求和提高竞争优势等方面进行调整。     

Putting the Australian Economy on the Scales

Based on the increasing size of the service sector, some believe that growth in advanced countries has come without much change in the physical weight of output. To investigate the question, I generate rough estimates of the physical weight of Australian output from 1831 to 2018, using data on the weight of traded goods. These ballpark estimates imply that the weight of annual output increased from around 50,000 tonnes to around 800 million tonnes. Over the long term, a 10 per cent increase in real GDP was associated with a 12 per cent increase in the physical weight of output.     

试论个体私营经济外部环境的进一步优化

个体私营经济要进一步发展 ,除了靠自身改革 ,注重提高自身的质量以外 ,政府应进一步优化其外部环境 ,促进个体私营经济的健康发展。文章对此进行了探讨。     

Market Architecture and Nonlinear Dynamics of Australian Stock and Futures Indices

This paper studies the All Ordinaries Index in Australia, and its futures contract known as the Share Price Index. We use a new form of smooth transition model to account for a variety of nonlinearities caused by transaction costs and other market/data imperfections, and given the recent interest in the effects of market automation on price discovery, we focus on how the nonlinear properties of the basis and returns have changed, now that floor trading in the futures contract has been replaced by electronic trading.     

Further on the Nature of the Australian Business Cycle

Strong and Tan (1991) found Australian output variation was well characterized by a stochastic trend implying output shocks have a permanent effect on the level of activity. The paper finds that in Australia the stochastic trend alternative is statistically dominated when the data are allowed to be characterized by a probabilistic segmented trend specification. This finding implies shocks will only have a permanent effect on output when the series' growth path switches from one growth regime into another as a result of the shock.