税务筹划的博弈分析

税务筹划是在遵守国家税收法规的基本前提下,通过决策、计划、组织实施、控制等环节,充分利用各种税收优惠政策,减少或递延缴纳税款,实现税务成本最小化的经营管理活动,是企业财务管理工作的重要组成部分.纳税人的某项税务筹划是否真能成功,不仅涉及到纳税人一方,还涉及到税务机关,本文通过分析纳税人和税务机关之间的博弈行为,利用分析模型的混合策略纳什均衡,得出纳税人进行税务筹划和税务机关检查的最优条件.     

税务稽查的博弈分析及启示

运用博弈论分析税务机关与纳税人在税务稽查中的行为选择,可据此提出加强税务稽查,防止税收流失的建议：合理确定税务稽查概率和对象,增加稽查的威慑力;运用科学先进的税务稽查技术,提高稽查的准确率;严格惩处执法,提高偷税的预期风险和机会成本;教育与信誉评价相结合,提高偷税的心理成本;完善监控和信息获取机制,降低征收成本;构建税务机关内部质量考核指标体系,形成激励约束机制。     

信息不对称理论在个人所得税征收中的应用

由于个人所得税税收的信息不对称。尤其是税务机关与纳税人、税务机关与税务人员之间的信息不对称,给个人所得税税收征管带来很大的危害。有必要在结合我国的实际情况基础上,借鉴国外先进经验,利用一系列的信号显示机制和激励与惩罚机制,有效地减少纳税人的逆向选择和税务人员的道德风险。最终有助于节约征纳成本,提高个人所得税税收的征管效益。实现个人所得税税收收入与经济的同步增长,建设税收法治。     

税收征管的博弈分析

税收征管是税务管理工作的中心环节,其基本目标是使税款做到应征尽征,然而,由于各种原因,税收流失似乎是各个国家无法避免的管理难题。本文应用博弈理论,分析了我国税收征管中税务机关和纳税人的最优策略选择和纳税人偷税行为的影响因素,最后提出了减少偷逃税的政策建议。     

税收征管的博弈分析

税收征管是税务管理工作的中心环节,其基本目标是使税款做到应征尽征,然而,由于各种原因,税收流失似乎是各个国家无法避免的管理难题.本文应用博弈理论,分析了我国税收征管中税务机关和纳税人的最优策略选择和纳税人偷税行为的影响因素,最后提出了减少偷逃税的政策建议.     

浅议提高税务稽查效能

税务稽查是税务机关依法对纳税人、扣缴义务人履行纳税义务、扣缴义务情况所进行的税务检查和处理工作的总称。税务稽查的目标是整顿和规范税收程序，税务稽查的目的是查处涉税违法行为．研究税收法律制度中存在的缺陷，堵塞征管漏洞．挽回流失的税收。税务稽查是税收征管体系的重要组成部分．构建一个科学、规范、高效的稽查机制，对于充分发挥稽查职能作用，规范市场税收秩序，保障国民经济健康运行有着重要意义。     

探索纳税评估中财务会计报表分析的应用

纳税评估是税务机关对税源进行管理的一项重要举措,对于税收的流失有着有效的监控,因此在许多的发达地区都在采用这么一种税收管理制度.在对纳税进行评估之后,不仅可以对强化税收的监控,还可以使得纳税人避免在缴纳税务过程中出现的风险,增强纳税的意识.     

税收征管博弈与激励机制的分析和研究

税收是调控宏观经济、重新分配社会资源、加强基础建设、优化公共服务的根本途径，是国家财政资金最重要的来源，我国在税收征管过程中存在着成本过高、逃税避税现象严重等诸多问题。本文基于对降低税收征管成本的研究，通过对征税机关和税务人员关系的简单博弈分析，提出了完善税务人员激励机制的建议，希望能够在税务机关加强税务人员管理方面产生积极影响。     

浅议第三方信息在税务稽查中的应用

在税务稽查和纳税人博弈的过程中，掌握真实的涉税信息是提高税务稽查效率和质量的重要前提，长期以来，税务机关与纳税人之间存在着严重的信息不对称问题，而税务机关目前信息获取渠道不畅，第三方信息的收集和利用程度不高，制约了税务稽查的效能的提高。第三方信息是指独立存在于税务机关和纳税人之外的第三方的数据信息，其与纳税人的生产经营情况密切相关，对于税务机关掌握纳税人真实税源信息，提高税收分析准确率，具有重要作用。近年来，各地也充分认识到第三方信息在税务稽查中的重要作用，     

从委托代理关系看我国纳税人激励机制优化

在税收管理中税务机关与纳税人之间存在委托代理问题,为更好地解决这个问题,在税收管理制度设计中应更多体现对纳税人的税收激励,建立起纳税人激励机制,促进诚信纳税人依法纳税以及促进不诚信的纳税主动坦白改过自新。     

Regulation and the provision of quality to heterogenous consumers: The case of prospective pricing of medical services

This paper analyzes the welfare implications of fixed-price regulation of services in a model in which consumers are heterogenous and a firm can endogenously quality discriminate. We consider two different scenarios: The first scenario is when the consumer is also the payer. The second scenario is when the payer (usually the government) is not the consumer. Our major result is that fixed-price regulation causes a distributional welfare loss. We show that it is not possible for fixed-price regulation to induce providers to supply all consumer types with the first-best quality even under perfect information, under either pricing scenario. We show that high and low demand types may receive more than their respective first-best qualities, less than their first-best qualities, or one type may receive more and the other type less depending on the level of the regulated price. It is always true that when consumers are payers, quality is higher for both types than when consumers are not the payers. In this paper, we motivate and discuss the results in terms of price regulation of hospitals where consumers are patients and patient types vary by severity of illness.     

论我国费税制度的改革

费与税是不同的两个概念,而且是政府财政收入形式的两个不同的组成部分,虽然征收对象有所不同,但都是政府的调节工具,这决定了两的征收目的是非盈利性的,一般不能像私人物品那样进行企业化经营,但是税与费各有不同的作用和范围,在供应方式也也不尽相同,所以两又不能互相替代,而我们现在的许多章和件中,却大量的使用“费改税”的不科学提法,因此,有必要明确划分税与费的边界,做到税费共存,税费归位。     

改革我国现行分税制需要解决的几个问题

严格的讲，1994年我国实行的分税制财政体制又是一次中央政府与地方政府的“发钱”，而不是实质意义上的分税制，按照公共财政理论，改革和完善现行分税制，必须认识和解决三方面问题；一、以政企分离作为分税制改革的切入点，理顺政府与企业的关系；二、适当下放税权，解决分税制改革的关键问题；三，完善地方税系，为彻底的分税制改革提供保障。     

发展战略、技术选择与金融抑制

本文主要分析了"金融抑制"的成因,认为赶超战略是导致"金融抑制"的根本性原因.只要国家采用了违背比较优势的发展战略,选择了不具有自生能力的技术,不管采用利率手段还是采用税收手段进行宏观控制,"金融抑制"都在所难免.我们的模型表明,政府利用利率手段进行控制会比利用税收手段进行控制导致更严重的"金融抑制"和福利损失.所以,选择了赶超战略的理性政府会选择税收手段进行宏观控制.     

唐后期中央实行的三分制财政体制--中国封建社会分税制萌芽探索

从现实财政理论的角度，考察分析唐代后期的财政体制，可以认为该时期的三分制是中国封建社会分税制的萌芽。并论述唐代三分制产生的原因、国家税种的划分、各级政府事权的划分和唐代分税制萌芽产生的意义，为现在分税制的完善提供借鉴。     

省以下地方财政分权问题研究 ——基于K市的实证分析

本文主要研究在我国现行的财政分权体制下,省以下地方财政制度中存在的问题。通过对某地级市2007-2011年财政收支的实证调查,发现长期存在的事权划分不清晰和财权事权不匹配的问题依然没有解决,与此同时财力向上集中趋势越来越严重,税收返还不能发挥均衡地区间财力的作用,专项转移支付占比过高,一般性转移支付占比较低,法定支出和上级要求配套资金的压力不断增加,地方税收体系不健全,地方债务超过了地区可支配财力,地方政府债务风险问题突出。为解决我国省以下地方财政问题,新的改革措施势在必行,如建立完善地方税收体系,衔接政府级次和分税制级次,建立规范科学的转移支付制度,防范地方政府债务风险,建立科学的地方政府融资制度等。     

Effect of the Tax System ON R&D Intensity,Growth, Wages and Consumption Share

We propose a general equilibrium knowledge‐driven (semi‐)endogenous‐growth model with horizontal R&D, which is extended to consider two types of labour, skilled and unskilled, and exogenous government expenditure, financed through taxes on financial assets and on labour income, to analyse the implications of the tax system on R&D intensity, economic growth, wage inequality and consumption share in the output. In particular, we show that: (i) taxes have negative influence in the consumption share, being higher the marginal effect of the labour‐income tax; (ii) for any given government expenditure share, an increase (a decrease) in financial‐assets tax decreases (increases) the labour‐income tax; (iii) only the financial‐assets tax affects negatively the R&D intensity and the skill‐premium; thus, to reduce the skill‐premium the financial‐assets tax must increase; (iv) ignoring the effect on wage inequality and on R&D intensity, taxes are substitutes.     

Federal tax arrears in Russia Liquidity problems,federal redistribution or regional resistance?*

Three hypotheses about the nature of federal tax arrears in Russia in the second half of the 1990s are tested empirically. Tax arrears can be a result of: 1) liquidity problems in firms, 2) redistributive subsidies of the federal government, or 3) regional political resistance to federal tax collectors. Liquidity problems in firms explain a large part of the variation in tax arrears. Regional political resistance to federal tax collectors was also an important factor: For a given level of liquidity, federal arrears accumulated faster in regions where governors had a larger popular base, in regions with a better bargaining position vis‐à‐vis the centre, and in regions with governors in political opposition to the centre. We find that patterns of federal arrears are inconsistent with the redistributive politics premise that redistribution favours jurisdictions with ‘closer races’ for the incumbent in the national elections. Variation in authorized tax deferrals can be explained in part by federal redistributive politics.     

The value and consequences of using public health technology assessments for private payer decision-making in Canada: one size does not fit all

Background: Both public and private insurers provide drug coverage in Canada. All payers are under pressure to contain costs. It has recently been proposed that private plans leverage the public health technology assessment (HTA) evaluation process in their decision-making.

Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to examine use of public health technology assessments (HTAs) for private payer decision-making in the literature, to gather the perspectives of experts from both public and private insurers on this practice, and to summarize which value parameters of public evaluations can be used for private payer decision-making.

Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify publications on the use of public HTA or cost-effectiveness data for private payer decision-making on pharmaceutical reimbursement. Concurrently, a roundtable meeting was organized with invited panelists, including private payer representatives and health economic consultants (total n?=?9). The findings from both were synthesized and expressed in qualitative terms using the PICO framework.

Results: The targeted review identified 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, primarily originating from the US and Canada. The panelists felt that, despite some similarities, there were substantial differences between both systems. The PICO framework highlighted the issues with transferability between the two systems. Most of the value parameters were either not applicable, needed to be added, needed to be adjusted, or their applicability to private payer systems needed to be confirmed.

Conclusion: Some components of public HTA may be relevant for private payers, however there are reservations that still exist on whether the HTA process in Canada, designed for a public system, can address the informational needs of private payers. Private insurers need to use caution in assessing which value parameters from public HTAs can be used and which need to be confirmed, ignored, enhanced, or adjusted. One size HTA does not fit all applications.     

对我国结构性减税问题的思考

本文认为,结构性减税就是要在税收总规模不变甚至适当增加的前提下，削减一些特定纳税人或特定税收项目的税负，其中最主要的是要削减中低收入者缴纳或负担的税收；在减税的方案上，主要是降低对人民衣食住行课征的增值税和营业税并全面推开“营改增”，适时调减企业所得税税率，并在工薪个人所得税制度中加进个性化的费用扣除标准。上述降税的收入损失可以通过提高消费税和个人所得税最高税率的办法加以弥补。