Cost-benefit analysis and the use of urban land for transportation

This paper investigates the allocation of resources, particularly land, within a suburban city where transportation is subject to congestion. In the competitive case, the allocation of land is decided (erroneously) by cost-benefit analysis. This is, perhaps, the best model of the real world process, at this level of abstraction. It is found that the road then built is wider everywhere than the road in the fully optimum case. Hence, if taxes and regulations will eventually be imposed to reduce the gap between the social and private cost of commuting, possibly too much land is now used for roads in American cities.     

土地使用与交通的整合:新城市主义和理性增长

文章的主要目标是评论美国交通与土地利用整合的实践,同时试图针对中国的城市规划实践提出建议.文章由三个部分组成.第一部分介绍城市理性增长作为区域尝试来促进土地利用与交通的整合;第二部分简要评述用以土地利用和交通整合的定量模型和评价可以用于土地利用与交通整合的指标体系;第三部分介绍新城市主义.     

同宗地使用权是否可以分层出让

某市国土资源局以拍卖方式将宗地号为0089的建设用地使用权出让给A公司,用作大型商贸城的建设。双方在拍卖后签订了《国有建设用地使用权出让合同》。合同约定:该宗地块的用途为商业用地。以地上60米为上限、以地下30米为下限,高差为90米。合同签订后,A公司支付了全部价款,国土资源局为其办理了土地使用权证书。一个月后,国土资源局挂牌出让0089号宗地。以地下30米为上限、以地下70米为下限,高差为40米的建设用地使用权,并将此块土地的建设用地使用权出让给了B公司,同时签订了《国有建设用地使用权出让合同》。A公司得知后,认为     

Alternative transportation modes in an urban land use model: A general equilibrium approach

This paper presents and analyzes a general equilibrium transportation demand model. The model was applied to hypothetical cities with populations of 1 and 2 million. Data and coefficients for those cities were obtained from existing metropolitan areas of equivalent sizes. A subway system is found to be uneconomical in the hypothetical city with one million population and with an average population density of 4400 per square mile. However, it is found to be economical and desirable for the hypothetical city with two million population and with an average density of 6900 per square mile.     

城市用地控制标准执行状况及评析

在对我国当前城市用地扩张控制标准执行情况进行闸述的基础上,具体分析了导致当前我国城市用地扩张控制标准执行失效的原因,并就如何完善城市用地扩张控制标准提出了相关建议.     

Markov analysis of land use change: Continuous time and stationary processes

In an earlier paper one of the authors has used actual land use maps to establish the validity of the Markov process for describing and projecting land use changes. In a subsequent paper the same data was used to calibrate a non-homogeneous, birth and death process in which the land uses were dichotomized into either of two states: developed or undeveloped. The present paper pursues two aspects raised by the earlier ones: whether the process of land use changes can be considered a stationary process and, if so, whether it can be fit by a continuous-time, rather than discrete-time, model. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a feasible fit are indicated.     

早餐工程货物配送路线优化分析

近几年城市早餐工程给广大市民带来了极大的方便,文章介绍了如何选取早餐工程物流配送路线,旨在找到各条货物配送路线中最短的一条;本文把所有早餐工程点及连接各个早餐摊位点的所有道路、路口归为一个无向网络图。通过优化方法得出完成早餐货物配送任务的最短路线。     

Modeling the density variations of urban land uses with transportation network congestion

Perhaps the single most distinctive character of urban activity that distinguishes it from rural and regional activities is the intensive use of urban land. While the nature of density variations of urban land uses and their associated land rents are well understood, there have been few operational urban models that explicitly address the density variations of land uses. The paper presents a combined land use-transportation model, in which transportation congestion costs on networks of various transportation modes are simultaneously determined with the efficient intensity level of land uses. The procedure uses a nonlinear programming approach within the context of a multicommodity flow/input-output model.     

城市规划对合理利用土地与环境资源的引导

如何在城市建设过程中实现土地与环境资源的合理利用,并使之始终处于经济、社会、环境协调发展的目标控制之中,城市规划的导引作用不容忽视.文章从城市规划观念与编制方法切入,提出在规划设计中建立市场意识,树立效益型环境价值观,探寻合理的规划理念与方法,实现环境有偿享用,回收环境区"外泄收益"、卸载周边"外摊成本",以合理的规划创造高价值区位;深化规划编制内容,通过阶段性公共绿地的"换位"规划,酝酿城市发展潜力,制定"未来旧城改造计划",挖潜土地价值,促进城市土地的集约利用与持续开放.     

Market analysis and transportation procurement for food aid in Ethiopia

Empirical research characterizing transportation markets in developing countries is scarce. By analyzing contracts between the World Food Programme and private carriers, we identify the determinants of transportation tariffs in Ethiopia and quantify their relative importance. The econometric models devised from our unique dataset provide insights for shippers to improve procurement processes, for carriers to develop competitive business models and for government authorities to define effective investments and policies. Results indicate that the number of carriers on a given lane significantly reduces transportation tariffs and that policies stimulating competition may be as important as road infrastructure investments in Ethiopia's development strategy.     

土地政策对北京市商服用地市场的影响

根据土地供应政策的变化,将北京市商服用地市场的发展分为三个阶段,分析土地供应政策对商服用地市场的影响;同时,运用土地竞租曲线和土地-资本替代弹性方法分析商服用地招拍挂出让市场的变化.     

土地紧缩政策背景下土地利用问题研究述评——基于城市规划学科的视角

2003年以来国家采取土地紧缩的政策,但城市规划学者对土地问题的关注并不够,很多规划方案难以"落地",研究亦偏重对欧美城市发展模式的借鉴,而对国内体制的剖析不足。从土地权属角度来看,侧重国有土地的规划研究,而忽视集体土地等,这跟国家土地政策走势不太吻合。鉴于此,如何建构一个能促进土地集约利用的机制并构建围绕土地的利益共同体,如何培养一个真正能促进土地集约利用的政府等将是近期亟待研究的重要议题。     

资源型城市土地的集约利用

土地资源大面积浪费和土地生态破坏严重等问题在资源型城市转型过程中亟待解决.分析了当前我国资源型城市土地利用存在的弊病,指出土地集约利用的必要性及有效途径,并就资源型城市土地集约利用提出了对策建议.     

城市交通出行影响因素的计量检验

在国内外相关研究的基础上,通过国内40个交通出行样本数据的计量分析,建立了平均出行距离和出行时耗的多元回归方程,发现城市规模是影响单中心城市平均出行距离和出行时耗的主要因素,公交车分担率的提高相应增加了平均出行时耗,而高密度的城市开发有利于出行距离和出行时耗的降低.     

上海市民出行效率调查与分析

采用现场调查、电话调查、网上问卷相结合的方式对上海市民的出行效率进行调查与分析,并针对调查结果提出了相关政策建议。     

浅议城市土地利用及其评价

高效和集约是城市土地可持续利用的内在要求 ,是实现城市可持续发展的客观需要。本文从分析城市土地集约高效化的内涵入手 ,重点从资源环境、社会和经济三方面构建了城市土地利用的评价指标体系 ,并建立了评价模型。     

Effects of urban transportation system change on land prices in the setting of owner-occupied residence

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of transportation improvement on the land development process and land price structure in an owner-occupied residence setting. A dynamic model of household and landowner in which the role of land as an asset is explicitly considered is presented, and the process of land development and land price change after the announcement of transportation improvement is investigated. During the period between the announcement and the completion of urban transportation improvement, it is observed that the price of the land that is presently used for agriculture but will be developed in the future is higher than the agricultural land price.     

最佳资本结构的分析

如何选择最佳资本结构一直是我国经济学界探讨的问题。文章分析了资本结构理论,提出了在不同的环境下,应选择相应的资本结构,这样更适合于现代企业,更利于改善经营管理,提高经济效益。     

Case study of the use of the transportation algorithm for school districting under federal integration guidelines

One part of the problem of school districting is the assignment of children to schools in such a manner as to minimize the overall cost of the system. This is a simple transportation problem and transportation procedures have been used in the past so as to minimize such things as total student-miles traveled (both straight line and actual travel distance), cost of transportation and many other measures of “Cost”.

Even with the introduction of minimum and/or maximum Federal integration limits, the problem can be stated as a transportation problem with suitable alterations. This paper presents a case study of the application of the transportation procedure to school districting under integration guidelines along with some observations on the results.