连锁零售企业的物流成本控制分析

连锁零售企业经营活动的绝大多数环节均可能发生大量的物流费用,因此,贯穿连锁企业产品流通的内部物流作业已经成为连锁零售企业降低成本、创造利润、提高经济效益的主要途径。本文通过分析连锁经营企业的物流成本构成、物流管理成本增加的原因和现阶段连锁零售企业物流成本管理中存在的问题,初步探讨如何控制连锁零售企业的物流成本。     

中国零售连锁超市物流配送管理水平的探究

对于连锁零售企业而言,物流配送是企业经营成功与否的关键因素,连锁零售企业作为未来商业的重要发展方向,在扩大企业规模的同时,必须运用先进的物流技术和物流管理方法降低成本、提高效率物流配送作为连锁企业发展的重要基础,其配送的统一和效率在相当程度上决定着流通的效率,因此物流配送自然也就成为连锁经营企业核心竞争力的一个重要部分。     

农村连锁超市物流成本管理对策分析

连锁超市经营活动的绝大多数环节均会发生大量的物流费用,物流费用的高低直接影响到超市的经营利润。连锁超市经营者所面临的一个重要问题,就是如何对超市物流成本进行分析和控制。本文通过分析农村连锁超市物流成本管理中存在的问题,探讨了连锁超市物流成本管理的应用方法,以期获得农村连锁超市物流成本管理的对策。     

连锁零售企业物流配送中心建设——连锁零售企业的配送中心建设

在过去的十几年中,我国连锁零售业持续快速发展,已迅速成为流通业的主力军。物流作为连锁经营的关键环节之一,是连锁零售企业的核心竞争力所在。物流配送能力的强弱直接决定着连锁零售企业经营成本的高低,影响连锁零售企业的盈利能力。为了提高自身竞争力,降低运作成本,提高对店铺的反应速度,这些年来连锁零售企业不约而同在物流配送上加大了投入,零售物流配送中心在技术、规模和运作模式等方面不断变化创新。     

对第三方物流切入连锁零售业问题的探讨

物流系统,是连锁企业的核心竞争力之一。提高物流系统的运作效率,是提高连锁企业竞争力和赢利能力的根本要求。从专业化分工和产业化协作的角度看,连锁企业物流外包是其物流系统重要的发展趋势之一。     

试论我国连锁企业的新竞争战略——逆向物流

逆向物流可以降低企业成本,提升企业的竞争力,对我国企业实践具有重要意义。首先阐述了逆向物流内涵,然后具 体分析了我国连锁经营中的逆向物流特点、形成原因及存在问题,最后对连锁企业逆向物流体系的构建提出了看法。     

试论我国连锁企业的新竞争战略--逆向物流

逆向物流可以降低企业成本,提升企业的竞争力,对我国企业实践具有重要意义.首先阐述了逆向物流内涵,然后具体分析了我国连锁经营中的逆向物流特点、形成原因及存在问题,最后对连锁企业逆向物流体系的构建提出了看法.     

中小连锁企业共同配送模式探析

共同配送是解决物流合理化的重要手段。随着企业内外部条件和市场环境的日趋完善,中小连锁企业通过开展共同配送实现资源共享,可以提高配送效率和服务水平,降低物流成本,增强自身的竞争力。     

企业绿色物流体系的构建

随着世界经济的一体化,供应链作为企业能否正常运转的核心链条,一直受到企业的高度重视.物流作为供应链的一部分,也日益成为企业竞争的焦点.很多企业希望通过改善物流来降低企业运营成本获得新的竞争优势,但这仅以单纯的经济利益为导向的"经济物流"是不够的.因为,一方面随着社会的不断进步,人们更加关注环境保护、资源节约等偏重社会效益方面问题,另一方面我国经济已成为世界经济的一部分,如若不加快物流的绿色化建设,我国企业就会失去竞争力.所以,构建社会效益与经济效益"双赢"的物流体系--绿色物流势在必行.     

大中电器从自营物流到物流外包

对于零售企业而言，物流已成为其核心竞争力的重要组成部分，对企业发展起着举足轻重的作用。而家电产品的多样化和销售周期性变化明显，无疑给家电零售企业的物流管理与运作造成很大压力。因此，提高物流水平，降低物流成本，成为每个家电零售企业关注的焦点。位居全国电器连锁企业四甲之列的大中电器，经过多年探索。成功地从自营物流走向物流外包，不断增强的物流能力为企业的持续快速发展奠定了坚实的基础。[编者按]     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.