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1.
贸易增长的二元边际:一个文献综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
贸易增长的二元边际是对贸易流量的结构性分解,深入剖析二元边际的结构、作用机制和影响因素对理解贸易增长的性质、福利含义以及贸易政策的制定等贸易实践都具有指导意义。本文从以下四个方面归纳和评述已有的研究成果:(1)在对二元边际的概念界定进行整理;(2)总结关于测度二元边际结构的经验研究;(3)二元边际对贸易福利的作用机制;(4)影响二元边际的因素分析。通过对已有文献的总结和评述,指出发现国内研究的不足以及今后研究拓展的方向。 相似文献
2.
We extend Melitz (2003) to allow for both global and bilateral fixed export costs. If global (bilateral) export costs dominate, the average sales ratio (import sales per product variety/domestic sales per variety), decreases (increases) in variable (fixed) trade barriers, due to adjustment along the intensive (extensive) margin of trade. Using novel data on bilateral US movie exports we find that (i) variation in box-office revenues per movie is much larger than in the number of movies exported, and (ii) the average sales ratio decreases in geographic and linguistic distance. These findings suggest that global fixed export costs dominate. 相似文献
3.
2006年12月11日,是我国加入世贸组织5周年纪念日。回望这5年,入世给我国的经济带来了深刻的影响,我国对外贸易快速增长,融入世界经济的步伐不断加快,使得我国企业参与到更加激烈的国际竞争中。本文利用最新的进出口数据,对我国工业制成品的国际竞争力在入世5周年后的现状以及与入世前相比发生了怎样的变化做了对比分析。结果表明,加入世贸组织促进了我国工业制成品国际竞争力的提升。 相似文献
4.
This paper develops a model of endogenously tradable goods to study the implications of international integration for price dispersion and pricing to market. A distinctive feature of the model is heterogeneity in both trade costs and productivity. The model highlights the role of heterogeneity in shaping how new entrants at the extensive margin differ from incumbent traders, thereby giving extensive margin movements distinctive implications relative to the intensive margin. In particular, the model predicts that international integration mainly along the extensive margin should be associated with a more limited degree of price convergence. This prediction finds support in cross-sectional regressions on European data and offers insight into recent integration episodes. 相似文献
5.
基于经济周期理论的我国出口贸易波动特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近几年来,我国出口贸易持续增长,出口贸易波动也在增强.为此,采用增长率直接法、增长率趋势法分析我国出口贸易的短周期、中周期和中长周期波动,并采用协整理论分析我国出口贸易长周期的特征.研究结果表明.自1978年以来,我国出口贸易经历了八次短周期波动、三次中周期波动(其中第三次中周期波动具有在适度高位的平滑化的特征)和两次中长周期波动,目前正处在第二个中长周期波动的扩张期;我国出口贸易的长周期与GDP的长周期具有相似的特征. 相似文献
6.
《International Business Review》2020,29(3):101691
This paper analyzes the core international business (IB) areas covered by ten IB-focused journals to date using 13,937 documents reflecting more than 300 years of combined publication history. Using bibliometric and citation analysis, it provides a systematic understanding of the current IB landscape, explicates the relevance of the future of IB research and depicts trends in this research field with emerging prevalent themes identified. The strongest themes across IB journals are performance, perspective and emerging economies/MNEs, shared strongly across UK/Europe, US and Asia-based journals. Our findings report on the prevalent research field, economy and geography, the latter analyzing the impact of author numbers and distribution, and thus, scale effects. Within this context, sole authorships are largely replaced by co-authorships, yet often on national level. We further limited the study to IB policy and found the focus centers on key themes of foreign business attraction, transnational governance and IB promotion. 相似文献
7.
As the dynamic global business environment continues to force organizations to be agile and adaptive, international business (IB) education pedagogy is transforming. Building on previous literature describing gaps in IB pedagogy, as well as unaddressed stakeholder needs, we first use our institution—the United States Air Force Academy—as an example of IB program development. In examining our program's evolution, we develop five questions that may provide insight regarding more generalizable IB pedagogy trends. To assess this possible generalizability, we explore questions related to the development of our program using self-reported, publically-available websites of the top full-time MBA programs throughout the United States. Our questions focus on the role of foreign languages, study abroad opportunities, integrative courses, capstone/thesis projects, and faculty development. Our exploration indicates that these five questions are important not only for educators developing future programs, but also for students examining potential IB programs. Additionally, our research examines a sixth question focused on the development of competitive positioning and program differentiation in IB programs. We hope to motivate future inquiry into IB pedagogy, which could inform more effective means of improving IB education. 相似文献
8.
Nader H. Shooshtari 《Journal of Teaching in International Business》2013,24(2):134-156
This article presents results from a survey of AACSB-accredited business schools’ progress in internationalizing their curricula in view of a recent AACSB report. We present data on the use of immersive experiences, degree of success in student placement in internationally oriented careers, and assessment of internationalization efforts. The results indicate growth of internationalization activities at virtually all schools as expected, but these efforts may not always match AACSB recommendations. For instance, AACSB criticized business programs for not coordinating internationalization activities in a strategic manner to improve courses and develop skills needed by international managers. Our survey finds that many schools do not attempt to tie their international experiences to specific courses, but they report the experiences are used to build skills students need. Most institutions also do not examine job placement as a measure of curriculum internationalization success. We find that many schools do not assess the outcomes of their internationalization efforts in a way that can demonstrate whether or not recent AACSB suggestions are being met. 相似文献
9.
Communication costs are frequently cited as an important determinant of trade costs. We test this relationship by incorporating alternative measures of communication costs in a model of bilateral trade. We find that international variations in communication costs indeed have a significant influence on trade patterns. Furthermore, estimates using disaggregated data reveal that communication costs are more important for trade in differentiated products than for trade in homogenous products. 相似文献
10.
Maggie Xiaoyang Chen John S. Wilson Tsunehiro Otsuki 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(4):501-523
Standards and technical regulations set in importing countries have become a rising concern to exporters, especially to those in developing countries. This paper examines the importance of various types of standards in developing-country firms' export decisions. Drawn from the World Bank Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Survey database, we find that different types of standards exhibit sharply distinct relations with firms' intensive and extensive margins of exports. Quality standards are positively correlated not only with firms' average export volume across markets and products but also their export scope, measured by the number of export markets and products. A similar relationship is found between labeling requirements and export scope. Certification procedures, however, are associated with a significant decline in the number of export markets and export products. Our results suggest that different approaches should be taken to address each type of technical regulations. Not all standards need to be negotiated away to boost trade, but negotiations on certification procedures with the aim of reaching Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) can help firms improve economies of scale and scope. 相似文献
11.
This paper proposes a two-country monetary model with firm entry as a means for alleviating the comovement puzzles in international business cycle models. It shows that business formation can generate fluctuations in output, employment, investment and trade flows close to those in the data while at the same time providing positive international comovements. Simulations show that the presence of imported investment goods is essential for replicating these facts. 相似文献
12.
Denice Welch Associate Professor of International Management Lawrence Welch Professor of International Marketing Ian Wilkinson Foundation Professor of Marketing Director Louise Young Senior Lecturer in Marketing 《International Business Review》1996,5(6):579-602
This article reports on an experiment in external facilitation of international project marketing activity. The case involved a large, World Bank funded project in China aimed at upgrading grain storage and handling facilities. An organization was established in Australia to bring together and support efforts by Australian firms to win a share of this project. Network-building, at a number of levels both in China and Australia, emerged from the qualitative study as a critical factor in effective project marketing. External facilitation played a positive role in the network-building process. 相似文献
13.
浅析国际分销中的进出口业务 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李克芳 《商业经济(哈尔滨)》2011,(4):27-28,31
国际分销中涉及到进出口业务,尽管进出口业务存在着一些差别,但进出口业务中有很多业务基本上是相同的。这就要求企业应熟悉进出口单证、货运和销售条件、收付货款、包装和标识等主要的进出口业务,以便对进出口业务进行有效的管理。 相似文献
14.
One of the main policy sources of trade–cost changes is the formation of an economic integration agreement (EIA), which potentially affects an importing country's welfare. This paper: (i) provides the first evidence using gravity equations of both intensive and extensive (goods) margins being affected by EIAs employing a panel data set with a large number of country pairs, product categories, and EIAs from 1962 to 2000; (ii) provides the first evidence of the differential (partial) effects of various “types” of EIAs on these intensive and extensive margins of trade; and (iii) finds a novel differential “timing” of the two margins' (partial) effects with intensive-margin effects occurring sooner than extensive-margin effects, consistent with recent theoretical predictions. The results are robust to correcting for potential sample-selection, firm-heterogeneity, and reverse causality biases. 相似文献
15.
Manmohan Agarwal Alokesh Barua 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(3):287-303
This paper is an attempt to demonstrate how the entry (costless) of firms in an industry may have a dramatic effect on exports from an industry in a country. The results have tremendous implications for LDCs suffering from resource and BOP constraints but having reservoirs of cheap labor. The welfare effects of such entry liberalization policy (or subsidy) can be stated from the Bhagwati theorem that a reduction in an only (single) distortion is necessarily welfare improving by reducing monopoly or oligopoly distortions. However, we have shown that the entry liberalization policy is welfare superior to an equivalent subsidy policy where equivalent is defined in terms of the impact on exports. As a by product, we have also shown how one can integrate the oligopoly models of trade with the general oligopoly literature. The results on the limiting behaviour of an open economy oligopoly model extend the standard results in the oligopoly theory in a closed economy. 相似文献
16.
Kostis Indounas 《Business Horizons》2006,49(5):415
Pricing is one of the most complex decisions facing any company. Along with a lack of academic interest (especially among marketing academics) in the field of pricing, this complexity has contributed to the dominance of simplified, cost-based formulas when levying prices. This article offers an alternative approach based on the concept of contribution margin and the need to take into consideration only those costs that are related directly to a specific pricing decision, an approach that is especially useful when a company decides to change its prices. Moreover, an empirical study regarding the practical use of this approach is also presented. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Teaching in International Business》2013,24(4):63-81
Abstract As evidenced by recent surveys of American managers, there is a serious shortage of qualified candidates on the US job market. This shortage is most evident in two specialization areas: high-technology knowledge workers and internationally competent managers. Indeed, American companies rate lack of qualified high-technology personnel as their number one reason for slower than desired business expansion. The other less glamorized, yet serious shortcoming of the American educational system is its inadequate training of cross-culturally competent workers for this truly global post-industrial era. In response to this human resources crisis, realizing that “the future economic welfare of the US will depend substantially on increasing international skills in the business community,” the United States Department of Education began an active campaign of promoting international education and research in several major American universities in the late 1980s. Since 1988, nearly 40 universities have been awarded tens of millions of dollars to engage in such activities as developing formal international business curricula, offering foreign language courses, promoting internationally-oriented research, provoking international education and research dialogues among the faculty, exchange programs between American and foreign universities for students and the faculty and similar activities. This research is a first attempt in evaluating the impact of one such program on the internationalization level of American students. It will be shown that the international education program at one major American university has successfully produced a cadre of more global and less ethnocentric workforce for American corporations. 相似文献
18.
Morten Hviid 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2016,23(1):19-36
This article demonstrates that raising fixed costs can serve as a credible mechanism for a well placed firm to exclude its rivals. We identify a number of credible avenues, such as increased regulation, vexatious litigation and increased prices for essential inputs, through which such a firm can raise fixed costs. We show that for a wide range of oligopoly models this may be a profitable strategy, even if the firm’s own fixed costs are affected as much (or even more) than its rivals and even if it is less efficient. The resulting reduction in the number of firms in the market is detrimental to consumer welfare and hence worthy of scrutiny by competition and regulatory authorities. 相似文献
19.
Dietmar Sternad 《Journal of Teaching in International Business》2013,24(4):241-257
This article introduces a challenge-feedback learning (CFL) approach based on the goal-setting theory of human motivation, the deliberate practice theory of expert performance, and findings from the research on active and collaborative learning. The core of the teaching concept is the CFL cycle in which students repeatedly progress through four steps (Challenge–Act–Feedback–Reflect). Upon completion of one cycle, a new, more complex challenge is introduced in which students have the chance to go beyond their current skills level. The article also presents an example for an implementation of the CFL approach in an international business (IB) curriculum. The CFL approach is particularly useful for acquiring the problem-solving, adaptation, communication, metacognition, and intercultural teamwork skills needed in IB practice. 相似文献
20.
我国食品出口竞争力的实证分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对1995-2005年中国与日本、美国食品出口数据的分析,以及对3国出口增长率优势指数、国际市场占有率和贸易竞争指数等指标的比较,得出我国的食品出口在占有相对优势的同时,国际竞争力已呈现减弱势头。 相似文献