Product Development Strategy: An Integration of Technology and Marketing

Although it seems obvious that a new product development strategy must bring together marketing and R&D strategies, the conceptual development of marketing and R&D strategies has taken place in relative isolation. More than ten years ago, when Professor Harry Nyström began his research program on product development in Swedish firms, he realized that the isolation wasn't an appropriate point of view. He began to construct a conceptual framework for analyzing product development strategies that incorporated many more variables than had traditionally been considered. The latest set of firms in the research program are four pulp and paper companies. They are in mature, process industries, quite unlike the earlier study firms. Yet many of the same propositions from the earlier research still hold. In this article, Professor Nyström presents the most recent version of his framework to help managers develop an integrated product development strategy.     

The Need for a Field of Study of Implementation of Innovations

The study of innovation has been approached from many disciplines and from the point of view of different real life problems. As a result, we have a series of clusters of knowledge that are related but seldom integrated. Chris Voss suggests it is time we closed at least one of these gaps. He suggests there should be a field of study should be established that will build a bridge between work on the process of innovation and work on the diffusion of innovation. He presents a starting point for the new field of study.     

Salary increases for the marketing executive

This article discusses how marketing executives view their pay raise. A study of 491 marketing executives examined their views on what is a meaningful salary increase and the reasons why their companies give pay raises.     

Beyond the Life Cycle. II. An Illustration

In the preceding article, Chris DeBresson and Joseph Lampel propose a new, nonlinear view of technological evolution. In this article, they use their new model to take us through the changes in one firm over a period of more than 50 years. Their model emerges as less constraining in strategic options than in the traditional view, and richer in its representation of technological change.     

Dynamics of the transition process towards partnership thinking in centralized public procurement

This research paper seeks to increase the knowledge of the transition process from transactional arm's length tendering towards partnership thinking in centralized public procurement. In centralized public procurement, the professional public purchaser forms a triadic partnership relationship with the public unit managing the procurement implementation and the private organization. A triadic partnership relationship in a home nursing procurement setting is investigated to further the understanding of the relationship dynamics related to the transitioning of public and private actors towards partnership thinking. The research shows how transactional procurement logic hinders the transition to partnering by establishing challenges for initiating and nurturing public–private partnerships (PPPs) and how partnership thinking changes this procurement logic. It illustrates the transactional procurement logic of single actor and the logic underlying the relationship of two actors to engender and intensify the problems of triad in the centralized public procurement process and vice versa; that is, a shared understanding from jointly agreed procurement goals between two actors is identified as promoting triadic partnering. Managerial implications are given for those public and private organizations engaging in PPPs and seeking to understand the ways of managing them in the context of centralized public procurement, particularly during the transition towards partnership thinking.     

国际金融危机对中国经济冲击过程的系统回顾和思考

以国际金融危机发生为起点,按事件发生的先后顺序,系统、全面地分析了国际金融危机对中国经济冲击过程、冲击途径和冲击程度,并用分行业和分地区的数据进行了计量检验;以全新的视角对政府调控的作用进行了归纳;经济回升是政府调控结果,回升又带动经济内在动力的增加,从而为政府退出创造条件。     

从经营企业到经营社会——从经营社会的视角经营企业

作为成长型企业,其下一步发展的突破口在哪里?本文认为,要把企业融入社会,从经营社会的视角经营企业。以此为出发点,在网络型企业假设的前提下,本文从价值网络构建、系统成本降低、企业社会责任三个方面构建了一个完整的经营社会的理论体系,提出现代企业经营要实现从向内看思维到向外看思维的转变。鉴此,必须重构企业,通过调整企业成本结构,正确配置四种关系,做大商业生态系统,从而实现从经营企业到经营社会的转变,最终通过经营社会把企业做成永续发展的无边界企业。     

基于组合赋权与TOPSIS法的政府工程采购评标研究

考虑到政府工程采购评标是一个有限方案的多目标多层次决策问题,提出组合赋权与TOPSIS(逼近理想解排序)法。首先,构建了政府工程采购评价指标体系;然后,针对现有政府工程采购评标方法的不足,提出AHP(层次分析法)组合熵法确定各评价指标的组合权重,再结合TOPSIS法对政府工程采购各方案进行评标;最后,以某政府工程采购评标为实例,验证了组合赋权与TOPSIS法在政府工程采购评标中的应用是可行的。     

建立灵活的工程采购模式体系

工程采购模式本质上是建筑市场的交易方式。不同的工程采购模式有不同的特点和适用范围。针对不同类型的工程建设项目应该有不同的工程采购模式与之对应。然而由于中国长期计划经济的影响，建筑市场的发育显得比较迟缓，还没有形成灵活的工程采购模式体系。我国的工程实践中绝大多数工程建设项目使用的是施工总承包的工程采购模式。目前的建设法律法规很大程度上也是基于施工总承包的工程采购模式。这种局面大大阻碍了我国建筑市场的发展和完善。如果不迅速建立起灵活的工程采购模式体系，将使得中国的建筑业无法与国际接轨，从而降低我国建筑业在国际竞争、合作中的效率和效益。目前妨碍建立灵活的工程采购模式体系的最大因素是工程采购模式的制度环境，也即与工程采购模式紧密相关的投资建设体制。因此迅速地清理、修改有关法律法规以及有关的规定以建立适应市场经济规律和WTO规则的工程采购模式的制度环境显得十分紧迫。     

新粤浙管道工程管材采购质量控制措施与建议

针对新粤浙管道工程的特点,在对川气东送管道工程的管材采购经验进行总结的基础上,从管材标准制定、供应商管理、全过程质量控制及科学管理的角度,对采购质量控制问题进行了探讨,并提出了加强管材采购质量控制的措施和建议。     

Outsourcing decision-making aspects considered by IT departments in Brazilian companies

The study of Information Technology (IT) outsourcing is relevant because companies are outsourcing their activities more than ever. An important IT outsourcing research area is the decision-making process. In other words, the comprehension of how companies decide about outsourcing their IT operations is relevant from research point of view. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand the decision-making process used by Brazilian companies when outsourcing their IT operations. An analysis of the literature that refers to this subject showed that six aspects are usually considered by companies on the evaluation of IT outsourcing service alternatives. This research verified how these six aspects are considered by Brazilian companies on IT outsourcing decisions. The survey showed that Brazilian companies consider all the six aspects, but each of them has a different level of importance. The research also grouped the aspects according to their level of importance and interdependency, using factorial analysis to understand the logic behind IT outsourcing decision process.     

推行ISO9000标准 规范电力物资采购管理

以规范电力物资采购管理为目的,分析推行ISO9000标准的必要性及在物资采购中的运用.通过积极推行标准,达到保证电力物资采购在质量、数量、供货时间上满足生产、建设的要求,并降低了采购成本.     

基于GPO的医疗供应链体系的优化研究

在医疗领域,集团采购组织(Group Purchasing Organization,GPO)以较低的采购成本和优质的服务逐渐受到人们的关注,借鉴国外基于GPO的医药供应体系的经验来优化我国的医药采购模式具有重要的现实意义和价值。这篇文章基于对GPO理论的综述和现行医疗供应链体系的分析,认为可以借鉴国外的GPO采购模式优化我国的医药供应链体系,通过构建GPO采购模型,得出GPO能够达成供求双方利润分配的平衡和医疗供应链的优化的结论。     

Marketing cost concept in service firms

Marketing costs are usually not clearly defined. This depends partly on the fact that the marketing department is not identical with the marketing function of the firm. Marketing activities may also be carried out by the managing director, service engineers, and others. In fact, everybody with customer contact influences sales. This is especially evident in service firms where the same person may produce as well as market and administrate. In this article, marketing cost concepts for professional service firms are developed and their practical application is discussed. The purpose of these concepts is to help professional service firms evaluate their marketing efforts and determine marketing strategies.     

When the purchasing agent is a committee: Implications for industrial marketing

This article describes a research project that investigated the relationship between the purchasing decision process occurring within a firm and intrinsic factors relating to the product. The study determined the effects of product complexity on the procurement process and identified those dimensions of complexity to which participating departments are sensitive. The results of the study provide information of great value to the theoretical development of buying centers as well as to those involved in targeting industrial marketing efforts.     

浅析石油企业压力表采购质量控制途径

作为高危石油企业,压力表在防范事故、保障人身和财产安全中发挥了重要的作用,所以压力表的质量控制不容忽视。对近5年来采购的压力表质量抽查情况进行分析,结合石油企业实际生产情况,从5个方面总结了压力表出现质量问题的原因。认为从压力表采购的关键环节进行采购质量控制是一种有效的途径。首先深入了解生产企业的基本情况,认真签订采购合同。加强与生产厂供需合作,必要时组织人员对供应商进行质量保证能力检查或验证。利用质量统计技术方法,加强进货检验和质量分析。加强压力表的存储、运输和使用监管,并对现场使用情况进行质量追踪,确保压力表采购质量。     

Roles for developing public–private partnerships in centralized public procurement

This study examines the roles actors play to develop public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the context of centralized public procurement and how these roles change during the procurement process. The roles are explored by applying role theory and the typologies of managerial and intermediary roles and by utilizing a triadic approach to distinguish these roles in raw food and home nursing procurement settings. The findings of this study increase the understanding of PPPs by identifying the roles for developing PPP relationships and how these roles are played to reinforce this development in centralized public procurement. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the research on relationship dynamics by showing how actors' roles and the performance of those change and are influenced by the public procurement context and the roles the other actors undertake during the centralized public procurement process. The study yields insights for managers of public and private organizations seeking to develop stronger PPPs and improve public procurement.     

电网企业电力物资采购风险管理

根据电力物资采购风险的形成机理对风险进行分类,识别出主要的风险因素。在风险识别的基础上,评估各风险因素发生的程度、可能性、可控性和可预见性,明确了电网企业风险管理的重点,并制定了电力物资采购风险的总体对策和具体应对方法。     

Effects of Transparency in Procurement Practices on Government Expenditure: A Case Study of Municipal Public Works

This paper examines the effect of improved transparency in the bidder qualification process, using the experience gained from a case study of municipal public works auctions. A difference-in-differences analysis reveals that improved transparency reduces procurement cost by up to 8%. This finding is robust with regard to the concerns of both endogeneity and sample selectivity. The bidding-function estimates, combined with features of Japanese procurement system, imply that the introduction of transparent practices is insufficient to bring about efficiency in public procurement.