Value orientations toward coral reefs in recreation and tourism settings: a conceptual and measurement approach

This paper examines recreationist and tourist value orientations toward coral reefs (e.g. protection–use, biocentric-anthropocentric), tests a scale for measuring these orientations in recreation and tourism settings, groups individuals based on their orientations and examines demographic and activity differences among groups. Data were obtained from surveys of 2821 users at three coastal and marine sites in Hawai'i. Belief statements about reefs (e.g. “coral reefs have value whether humans are present or not”) were used to measure value orientations. Users agreed with protectionist and disagreed with use-oriented beliefs. Except for one statement (“humans should manage coral reefs so that humans benefit”), the scale provided a reliable and valid measure of value orientations toward reefs. Respondents were grouped into three subgroups (strong protection, moderate protection, mixed protection–use). The largest number of users had strong protectionist orientations toward reefs, and there was no group possessing only use orientations. There were no relationships between value orientations and site, age and residence. Females, snorkelers and sunbathers had stronger protectionist orientations, whereas most scuba divers and anglers had mixed orientations. Given that most respondents had protectionist orientations, efforts to conserve reefs would be supported, whereas activities with deleterious effects on reefs would not be widely supported.     

Partnership perspectives in tourism and recreational property development

Property development partnerships are increasingly being seen in the UK as a means of achieving tourism and recreational projects. This article briefly examines the nature of the relevant property development market; characteristics and attitudes of involved organisations; purposes, benefits and mechanics of partnerhsips (illustrated by two case studies); and future directions for partnerships. The issues and potential approaches identified are, to varying extents, of relevance to project implementation in developed and developing countries.     

论国际青年旅馆在中国的发展方向

国际青年旅馆运动发展已近90年历史,在我国只有两年,作为一种新型旅馆形式,它能否在中国大陆上发展起来,可发展多大规模?应在哪里发展?预期效果如何?国内外旅游界目前对此研究停留在概念阶段,而理论意义上的研究成果尚未及见.本文研究了国际青年旅馆的形成因素和中国现有青年旅馆发展现状,探讨了中外青年旅馆之间在机理上的差异,论证中国青年旅馆未来发展趋势、模式和举措.     

可持续旅游发展的价值依据比较

本文追溯了可持续旅游发展观在不同学科中的理论渊源,分析了可持续旅游发展的不同价值诉求,探讨了基于功利价值、正义价值或良心价值等不同价值基础之上的可持续旅游发展.环境与发展经济学、旅游社会学、旅游人类学的部分流派的理论范式和研究方法可以为旅游发展提供现实的、可操作的指导,体现了对功利价值的追求.旅游社会学和旅游人类学的主要流派理论密切关注旅游的社会、政治及文化影响,体现了对正义价值的追求.而环境伦理和生态伦理学则更多地考虑了整个生态系统的和谐发展,体现了对良心价值的追求.     

基于旅游发展价值取向转移的旅游规制创新刍议

从国家的视角探究旅游发展价值转移的历程与趋势发现,全球基本形成了双轨化的旅游价值取向:对于遗产类资源的旅游开发实行严格的政府管制,以资源保护和旅游可持续发展为根本目标;对于普通、非垄断性的旅游资源推行充分竞争的市场机制,以经济收益为根本取向.而且旅游业中政府作为的聚焦点逐渐从大众旅游目的地和一般景区的营利目标向遗产类景区的公益性服务转移.受国情影响,我国较长时间更多地关注旅游业的经济问题,选择性地忽视了西方国家更加关注的社会与生态问题,市场化的经营方式延伸到遗产类景区.黑龙江汤旺河国家公园试点计划的推出,标志着我国旅游业发展价值取向转移的开始和对世界国家公园运动的响应.值此之际,需要通过严格的政府规制来保证旅游开发与资源保护间的共促协调,以实现国家公园及相关保护区对全民共享国家遗产、维持遗产资源的永续性和培育国家精神的深远价值.     

人文社会科学跨学科交叉研究的创新与边界——以旅游研究为例

人文社会科学研究的独立价值在于对研究对象进行中立、客观的描述,发现相关关系,并提出趋势预测和管理建议。有助于人文社会科学研究价值实现的知识积累、分析结构、逻辑构建和技术方法等都是科研创新的重要内容。本文章以旅游研究为例,讨论目前人文社会科学跨学科交叉研究在科研地位与社会影响力相对弱势状况下,科研创新突破的实现策略。建议新兴交叉学科研究重视时代性背景下基础概念的共识性构建,推进统计指标分类分级细化,拓展数据搜集与分析方法,鼓励新兴现象调查描述类科研成果,鼓励科研表达与知识传播方式等方面的科研公共关系突破,从而保证在范式边界基础上的有效科研创新。     

Towards new tourism policies: The importance of environmental and sociocultural factors

Unrestricted tourism growth could lead to the positive economic effects of tourism being outweighed by significant social and environmental disadvantages, which could in turn translate the economic benefits into disadvantages. This process derives not only from tourism effects per se, but also from changes in the social structure. This article calls for not merely economic and technical adjustments in policies, but for a fundamental political transformation in the conception of tourism and recreation.     

Tourism and conservation

Assessing the impact of tourism on environment is notoriously difficult, and is often hindered by emotional factors or considerations of private interest. Further, data on tourist movements and volumes, particularly on internal tourist movements, and on impact itself, are scarce. It is thus difficult to provide any overview of the environmental impacts of tourists, whether in one country or worldwide. This article examines these relationships so far as data allow, largely within the framework of the UK experience.     

Life satisfaction and support for tourism development

The purpose of this study is to better understand local residents’ support for tourism development by exploring residents’ perceived value of tourism development, life domain satisfaction (material/non-material), and overall quality of life in their community. The study provides the theoretical and empirical evidence of the relationships among those constructs. Using a sample of residents from five different tourism destinations, the results of a structural equation modeling approach indicated that residents’ perceived value of tourism development positively affects non-material and material life domain satisfaction; thereby, it contributes to overall quality of life. Finally, overall quality of life is an effective predictor of support for further tourism development.     

城市游憩商业区系统SRBD的生长研究--以历史文化名城苏州为例

城市游憩商业区RBD是城市旅游研究的一个重要方面。一般认为,城市游憩商业区是城市中某一特定的区域,本文通过苏州实证性的研究指出,城市游憩商业区在城市发展的整体态势下呈现为动态的发展图景,尤其在城市飞速发展的今天,城市中游憩商业区的形态往往会突破单核的固定结构而表现为多核结构,整体上又往往呈现为链状、环状或网状形态等等,从而形成一个游憩商业区系统SRBD。系统中各游憩商业区因其自身形成背景、发育过程和功能定位等的不同而有着不同的发展趋势,需要采取相应的发展策略。     

中国旅游地理学研究转型与国际化对比

大众旅游时代,中国旅游业发展正进入重大变革期和调整期,这要求我们要立足中国旅游业基本国情,重新审视中国旅游地理学研究转型问题。文章认为,中国旅游地理学研究国际化是重要趋势,这种国际化也在一定程度上推动着研究本土化进程。中国特色旅游地理学研究在总体方向上要扎根于旅游产业重大需求实现转型,在研究对象上,从典型旅游地研究向国土游憩空间优化研究拓展;在研究重点上,从旅游要素研究逐步向旅游地复杂地域系统过程模拟与预测研究转型;在研究范式上,更加从现有理论研究和规划实践的脱节向“理论研究—规划实践—政策应用”的有效链接提升。在此过程中,国外旅游地理研究可为中国旅游地理学研究提供重要借鉴参考。     

Tourism in rural areas

This article derives from reflections on recent books by Newby (“Green and Pleasant Land”) and by Shoard (“Theft of the Countryside”). The nature of rural areas is changing, and this affects tourism to these areas. Both books are concerned to analyse and discuss the British countryside experience, although the issues raised are most certainly relevant to European countries and, to a lesser extent, to North America.     

Residents,their use of a tourist facility and contribution to tourist ambience: Narratives from a film tourism site in Beijing

Any tourist site open to local residents represents a point where residents and tourists become a back drop for the experiences of the other. This paper examines a specific Beijing film tourism attraction, Grand View Gardens, and the manner in which the site is used by local residents, the meanings attributed to it, and residents' role in creating an ambience for tourists. Residents have a daily connection with the site, and form audiences for events held at the Gardens. They often interact with tourists, becoming a source of information for tourists. The paper examines residents' motives for using such attractions, their attitudes towards tourists and suggests they possess a role in the creation of a sense of place that is valued by tourists. The paper fills a gap in an under-researched area, where, in the Chinese context, both residents and visitors form backdrops to each other's experience of place.     

近十年我国旅游学术共同体成果的h指数测度与评价

h指数是一项评价科学家科研绩效的定量指标,一个人的h指数越高,表明他的论文影响力越大。文章对2003~2012年我国旅游学术共同体(学术期刊、旅游研究者、高等院校及科研机构等)的旅游研究成果应用h指数进行测度和评价。h指数的计算兼顾了论文的数量和质量,弥补了单纯以论文数量来测度和评价学术共同体成员(如学术期刊、研究者和学术机构等)成果学术影响力和贡献度的不足,增加了旅游学术影响力的评价维度,较为全面客观地反映了我国旅游学术共同体成员的科研生产力和学术影响力,更为全面客观地测度和评价了近十年来我国旅游学术研究的概貌和特征,对旅游学术共同体成员成果进行了评价和排序。     

国外中国旅游研究进展：学术贡献视角的述评

文章分析了国外中国旅游研究的总体情况,对其主要进展进行了基于学术贡献视角的阐述和评价。研究指出,国外中国旅游研究主要的学术贡献集中在引介、应用和理论检验方面,而扎根于中国旅游发展实践的理论建构尚不多见。研究认为,国内外旅游学界存在的信息不对称,国外学界和业界了解中国旅游发展迫切的刚性需求,以及研究可进入性和调研深度的缺失,是导致目前国外中国旅游研究领域理论贡献成果较为欠缺的主要原因。深入中国旅游发展实践进行理论提升,并实现同西方现有理论的对话乃至超越,将是中国本土的旅游研究走向世界的关键。