Measuring the Effects of Film and Television on Tourism to Screen Locations: A Theoretical and Empirical Perspective

It is generally believed that consumption of film and television products can induce tourism to destinations featured. We review the literature relating to this, examine it from the perspective of mass communications theory and develop a general causal model to measure the influence of screen products on visitor numbers. The model is quantified by way of a survey at two popular UK destinations. Our conclusions are that the contributions of screen products to visitor numbers are fractional, diffuse and substantial. We further find that the magnitude of the effect differs greatly between destinations and that this is related to background causes independent of screen effects.     

Knowledge Cooperation Diversification Strategy for Tourism Scholar Creativity: The Moderating Role of Tie Strength

This study proposes a novel theoretical framework for studying different perspectives on knowledge diversity and creativity, including both the benefits and costs of knowledge searching across different fields of expertise. Data on 1,340 tourism scholars over 31 years show a consistent horizontal S-shaped relationship between knowledge diversity and creativity. Furthermore, tourism scholars who invested more effort in maintaining good relationships with partners, such as through network ties, achieved greater profitability gains from cooperation diversification strategies and scholar creativity. Our framework and findings highlight the complexity and temporal dynamics among tourism cooperation networks.     

旅游情境下内隐-外显地方依恋模型研究——基于心理学视角

实证主义范式的研究无法解决地方依恋形成心理机制这一理论问题。在当前旅游领域研究中,有关实证研究在地方依恋已经形成的理论预设前提下,通过编制相关量表采用自我报告的方法(问卷调查法)来探讨目的地社区居民和游客地方依恋形成的影响因素及其后果行为。至于这两种依恋有何区别、如何形成以及如何指导相应的依恋行为等相关理论问题却鲜有涉及。该研究回溯到心理学中的依恋理论,构建了旅游情境下的内隐-外显地方依恋模型,并得出以下结论:(1)内部工作模式(依恋表征)原理可用以解释地方依恋形成的心理机制;(2)内部工作模式是由一般依恋表征和特殊依恋表征组成的层级结构,前者指导社区居民依恋的形成,后者指导游客依恋的形成;(3)地方依恋存在内隐和外显两种状态。社区居民依恋由内隐状态激发为外显状态去指导其依恋行为,游客依恋从外显状态内化为内隐状态去指导其依恋行为。     

旅游地适应性循环模型修正及实证研究——以大别山区金寨县为例

适应性循环是社会-生态系统经历开发、保护、释放、更新的过程,可表征社会-生态系统发展趋势。文章基于旅游地恢复力、潜力以及连通度三要素,指出Holling和Tsao适应性循环模型的局限性,对其病态陷阱进行完善,并提出阶段判定的量化指标,揭示阶段转化的主导因素。根据修正后的理论模型,以旅游地社会-生态系统较为敏感的贫困山区金寨县为例,运用综合指数法对2010—2017年间的恢复力、潜力以及连通度进行定量分析,判断和预测旅游地适应性循环阶段及转化趋势,验证修正后的理论模型。结果表明:金寨县目前处于贫困陷阱,根据当前转化条件,未来将趋向于赌博陷阱;受政策的影响也可能进入开发阶段或保护阶段,若发展过程中避免陷阱可能带来的资源浪费,适应性循环将呈良性运行。     

Towards An Experience Innovation Canvas: A Framework for Measuring Innovation in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry

ABSTRACT

As organizations transition from a service to experience economy, they will need to reimagine their business performance “scorecards” to reflect practices that place the co-created guest experience at the heart of their innovation efforts. This article synthesizes innovation and experience economy literature to depict six theory-based propositions and a framework for measuring innovation in the hospitality and tourism industry. The propositions were investigated in 19 experience firms comprising lodging, dining, attractions, and events in Southern California. Data from executive interviews (n = 19) and follow up manager surveys (n = 202) showed strong support for front of the house innovation focused on guest offerings to enhance interactions, personalization and social spaces and back of the house innovation focused on connecting employees with the firm’s core purpose. Measures of memorable triggers and motivators of emotional value represent promising new frontiers. By identifying the current practices and measures of senior managers faced with leading innovation in their own business units, this study both informs this practice and presents a unique and updated perspective on experience innovation.     

中国旅游产业政策演变及其有效性研究

旅游产业政策旨在规范行业发展,引导产业上水平,优化产业结构,成为调控旅游产业发展的重要手段。1978年至今,我国旅游产业政策的变迁受多种因素影响。在探讨旅游产业演变的基础上,利用我国31省区市2001~2018年面板数据测度旅游产业政策的有效性。结果发现:旅游财政投入能极大地促进旅游产业发展;由中央政府和地方政府颁布的不同层级旅游产业政策具有时效性差异,中央政府旅游产业政策具有时滞性特征,滞后期为一年,而地方旅游产业政策具有即时有效性;旅游产业政策空间分布及有效性存在东中西区域性差异。     

Developing a Novel Hybrid Model for Industrial Environment Analysis: A Study of the Gourmet and Tourism Industry in Taiwan

This study applies fuzzy set theory in attempting to evaluate important attributes of the tourism and gourmet business environment in Taiwan. This business environment is composed of various attributes that are difficult to measure. To overcome these challenges, we integrated the fuzzy Delphi method, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method, and the analytic network process to evaluate the business environment. We found that the most significant aspect of the tourism and gourmet business environment is human resources and that the least significant aspect of this industry is market development. The most significant criteria are enhanced industry competitiveness and opportunities to develop the industry.     

杭州旅游:新城市新模式新发展

从研究者自我融入与审视的视角出发,以城市旅游发展为分析接入点,对杭州旅游业发展基本脉络与特征研判后认为,杭州城市旅游未来的发展来自系列化的旅游创新,核心是三全体系的建构,即全要素旅游资源、全环节旅游产品和全领域旅游产业,但杭州开拓性旅游业未来发展的部分障碍也需要给予重点关注.以杭州为案例地的城市旅游发展模式、经验与问题对国内类同旅游地有重要的借鉴和参考价值.     

境外残障旅游与无障碍旅游研究进展与启示

文章围绕残障与旅游、残障旅游市场需求、残障旅游市场供给和无障碍旅游4大研究主题8个研究细类,梳理残障旅游境外研究状况。境外研究总体态势是以残障群体旅游需求为研究重点,围绕残障群体的旅游特点、动机、需求、偏好、决策、体验和出行障碍作诸多有益探索;同时基于残障群体的旅游需求特性,从旅行社、航空运输、住宿、景区4大旅游产业角度,针对性研究解决残障人群出行和旅游参与障碍、提供合理旅游产品和服务的思路和方法。文章最后评述了境外研究的思路、方法与不足,并从研究方法、研究团队构成和近期可以开展的研究领域对国内学者提出建议。     

基于耦合模型的旅游产业与城市化协调发展研究——以西安市为例

当旅游目的地城市旅游产业发展到一定阶段时,旅游产业会成为促进旅游目的地城市化发展的独立系统,与城市化系统互为背景、相互作用、彼此影响。文章借鉴物理学中的耦合理论,分析了旅游产业系统与城市化系统之间协调发展的作用机理,建构了两个系统的耦合评价模型和指标体系,定量研究了两者之间的互动关系,并以西安市为例,对两者之间的耦合协调发展关系进行了实证分析。结果发现:2000～2009年西安市旅游产业与城市化综合评价函数值呈现上升的趋势;耦合度经历了2000～2002年快速变化和2003～2009年缓慢变化两个阶段;耦合协调度呈现持续快速上升趋势,实现了从2000～2005年失调阶段向2006～2009年协调阶段的转变。     

试论现代服务业与旅游业新增长态势

在现代服务业加速发展的阶段,旅游业在原有生活性服务核心业态的基础上,受到生产服务业、专业服务业、信息服务业、创意服务业的明显影响,从而引致旅游业内部结构和能级提升,出现了高增值性、高层次性、高功能性、高技术性、高知识性的新特点.现代旅游服务业的新增长态势表现在会展旅游、奖励旅游、商务旅游、节事旅游、咨询旅游的兴起.     

国际旅游科学研究新热点:全球气候变化对旅游业影响研究

伴随着全球气候变化科学研究的兴起,近年来全球气候变化对旅游业的影响逐渐成为国际旅游科学研究的新热点。本文划分了气候变化与旅游业研究阶段,按照响应—适应—缓解的系统流程,从全球气候变化对旅游目的地、旅游流、旅游者心理与行为、旅游产业系统的影响以及旅游活动对气候变化的缓解与适应等5个方面进行了综述。最后,总结归纳了国际气候变化对旅游业影响研究的一些基本特点,以期为我国在此领域的研究提供一些有益的启示。     

An Empirical Examination of the Antecedents of Film Tourism Experience: A Structural Model Approach

This study aims to empirically examine the antecedents of film tourism experience associated with a serialized TV drama. Drawing on film tourism and media-communication studies, a theoretical model for the causal interrelationship between production values of the TV drama, audience involvement with it, and film tourism experience at its filmed location was tested empirically using structural equation modeling (SEM) methodologies. Responses were drawn from a cross-sectional data sample of international visitors via a survey executed at Daejanggeum Theme Park in Korea. The results indicate that production values and audience involvement have a direct, positive impact on film tourism experience. Moreover, the production values have a mediating, positive impact on film tourism experience through the audience involvement construct.     

旅游概念界定与旅游学科框架构建的一个新视角

通过借鉴和思考,笔者认为闲暇时间是间隔镶嵌在个人一整段生存状态里的片段时间.同时,为了贴切描述旅游者的运动特征,文章引入了物理学中位移的概念.在此基础上,将旅游界定为:人们在一段离开惯常环境但位移为零的生存状态里,利用闲暇时间开展的体验活动,据此辨析了旅游与休闲、旅行和惯常环境与非惯常环境切换复原之间的关系.将旅游划分为兴趣驱动型、事务引致型和综合引致型三种基本类型,并对旅游统计问题进行了探讨.明确旅游概念的内涵和外延后,对旅游学科的研究对象和内容进行了分析,认为其统领学科的理论范畴是个体或群体惯常环境与非惯常环境切换复原中闲暇时间的体验,即新概念意义下的旅游体验.最后,尝试构建旅游学科框架并对其发展提出了建议.     

关于构建循环性旅游高等教育模式的实践与思考

在经济全球化的发展趋势下 ,结合旅游高等教育自身特点 ,决定了旅游专业高等教育的发展必须具备理论性和实践性两大特征 ,不能厚此薄彼。本文试从这一问题入手 ,探讨在现实的旅游专业教育中 ,如何将二者有效结合起来 ,从教育观念更新、教学实践探索和精品课程建设等方面分析和创新旅游专业高等教育模式 ,并提出一些具有可操作性的建议。     

认同：旅游体验研究的新视角

作为旅游现象的内核,旅游体验具有丰富的内涵,可从不同的视角加以诠释。文章从认同角度对旅游体验中的认同（成分）加以诠释,指出在旅游体验中认同呈现出多种形态,从外在的目的地认同,到对旅游者角色认同,再到文化认同,最后到自我认同,呈现出一定的层次性。通过各种形态的认同,旅游体验才能彰显其独特价值。     

文化旅游产业创新系统集聚研究——基于全国31省市的PEF实证分析

空间融合、集聚已成为文化旅游产业的重要特征,二者融合实则是两个具有各自结构与功能的系统对各自产业进行“融合”“集聚”,形成涵盖有两大产业核心要素,能激发出全新产品与服务模式的创新系统.文章首先以系统科学理论为指导,在分析文化旅游产业融合要素与层级结构的基础上将其解构为一个由内核与调控部分组成的创新系统;而后,综合运用矢量平行四边形法则(parallel law)、熵值权重法(entropy-weight method,EWM)和模糊隶属度函数模型(fuzzy membership function)构建文化旅游产业集聚量测模型(PEF模型)及量测指标体系,以中国31个省(市、自治区)为样本运用PEF模型进行实证研究,并从差异度、均衡度和模式选择与分类等方面对量测结果进行分析;最后,初步探讨了文化旅游产业创新系统类型、演化路径及集聚模式.上述研究结果不仅有利于对文化旅游创新系统概念、发展现状的初步认识,还有助于为各省(市、自治区)制定文化旅游产业政策措施与模式选择提供借鉴.     

A Spatial Method for Assessing Resident and Visitor Attitudes Towards Tourism Growth and Development

Few tourism planning methods include spatial survey techniques that explicitly identify place-based development preferences. In this study, we compare attitudes towards tourism development in the Otways region of Victoria, Australia, using traditional survey research questions and a contemporary method for measuring spatial preferences for development. Results from the survey data show conditional support for tourism growth and development in the Otway Hinterland and along the Otway Coast irrespective of residence distance from the tourism core; however, results from spatial attribute data show there are place-specific differences in ‘acceptable development’ and ‘inappropriate development’ preferences. We suggest that the spatial attribute method is an inclusive process that can potentially bridge pro-development and anti-development responses that emerge during community consultation by providing development preference data that is scaleable to both local and regional scales.     

都市旅游研究:多维透视与发展模式

都市旅游的发展是与时俱进的.本文运用多学科、跨学科的方法论判明其发展的态势,剖析其多维的特质,探讨其模式的转化,并提出深度开发的对策,以冀用科学的发展观来把握未来都市旅游发展的脉搏.     

旅游专业本科毕业实习生的工作满意感及其在旅游业择业意向的实证研究

本文以旅游专业本科实习生(简称“旅本实习生”)为研究对象,探讨他们毕业前在旅游用人单位的工作满意感,与其毕业后在旅游业的择业意向之间的关系。331名来自我国绝大多数大陆省份旅游用人单位的“旅本实习生”有效填写了调查问卷。数据分析结果表明,从总的情况来看,“旅本实习生”的工作满意感对其在旅游业的择业意向有显著性的影响。按其影响力从大到小排列,具体的工作满意感因子依次为旅游业工作本身、薪酬和晋升。该研究及其发现对旅游人力资源管理和开发具有理论和实践意义。