Travel Motivations

Abstract

One hundred and twenty-three usable questionnaires returned from Virginia Bed and Breakfast operators were analyzed for current marketing techniques and conditions. The findings indicated the value of location of the operation, the use of brochures and guidebooks in advertising, as well as the importance of word-of-mouth in marketing.     

从旅游者角度对旅游目的地形象的探讨

旅游目的地形象是吸引游客最关键的因素之一,是旅游整体营销理念中的重要概念。本文从旅游者角度探讨了旅游目的地形象的可感知性与不可感知性,并提出了正确运用旅游地形象要素进行形象策划的观点。     

Propensity to Shop: Identifying Who Shops Til They Drop

Tourist shopping expenditure is a vital ingredient which contributes significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the nation. Past research has stressed the importance of specific demographic variables related to shopping behavior; however, it has not included interactions between or configurations among demographic variables, shopping related psychographics, and shopping destinations. This study seeks to address that gap. The data was collected from a large representative sample of 26,686 Australian domestic short-stay visitors. Binary logistic regression found that demographic variables and their specific interactions were significantly related to tourist shopping behaviors as well as psychographics, trip motivation, and their shopping destination propensity, when tested simultaneously. The findings assist destination marketing managers to identify and target specific domestic short-stay tourist shoppers.     

The Situational Influence of Travel Group Composition

Abstract

A substantial amount of statistics and articles in travel magazines indicated that family vacation travel is one of the major worldwide trends. However, very limited empirical research has been dedicated to this special market segment. This study examined Japanese family travelers to Taiwan by comparing and contrasting them with other travel companionship groups including traveling with friends and traveling alone. The importance of travel group composition segmentation was explained and conceptualized through the understanding of the value of social groups from sociology perspective. The results indicated that Japanese family travelers exhibited unique characteristics when traveling. Family travelers tended to be more motivated by learning oriented themes and participated enthusiastically in activities that facilitated experiential learning as well as total physical relaxation. The “traveling with friends” and “traveling solo” segments tended to be seeking more of activities that had strong entertaining and socializing undertones. The traveling solo group appeared to be the most evasive or the least understood in what their needs and preferences were. Marketing implications were discussed.     

旅游地景观生态规划与设计研究

本文以福州市青云山风景区为实例,紧扣旅游与环境问题,突出规划的两大目标——发展旅游事业和保护生态环境,在景观现状格局分析、适宜性评价、生态安全格局辨识和敏感度分析的基础上,拟定旅游地景观总体规划设计方案。然后,围绕主题从整体到局部多层次深入展开,突出宏观总体格局、中观功能分区和微观单元设计三个级别的规划与设计。最后,对规划前后进行对比分析,确认规划方案的优劣。结果表明。对旅游地进行景观生态规划与设计具有实践上的可行性。能满足风景区旅游生态平衡与人地协调的发展要求。     

Understanding tourists’ reactance to the threat of a loss of freedom to travel due to climate change: a new alternative approach to encouraging nuanced behavioural change

This article proposes that reactance theory can be used to better understand how tourists’ perceptions of climate change affect their travel decisions. Reactance theory explains how individuals value their perceived freedom to make choices, and why they react negatively to any threats to their freedom. We study the psychological consequences of threatening tourist's freedoms, using a range of projective techniques: directly, using photo-expression, and indirectly, through collage, photo-interviewing and scenarios. We find that reactance theory helps to explain the extent of travel to two destinations: Svalbard and Venice, providing a nuanced understanding of how travellers restore their freedom to travel through three incremental stages: denying the climate change threat, reducing tensions arising from travel and heightening demand particularly for the most visibly threatened destinations. The theory suggests a fourth stage, helplessness, reached when consumers dismiss the value of destinations once they can no longer be enjoyed, but for which we, as yet, have no data. Reactance theory questions the validity of awareness-raising campaigns as behavioural change vehicles, provides alternative explanations of why the most self-proclaimed, environmentally aware individuals travel frequently, and helps identify nuanced, socially acceptable forms of sustainability marketing, capable of reducing resistance to change.     

基于游客涉入的入境旅游者分类研究——以桂林、阳朔入境旅游者为例

涉入是消费行为最重要的决定因素之一,文章基于游客涉入对桂林、阳朔入境旅游者进行聚类分析,并比较不同类型旅游者的特征和态度差异。聚类分析将入境旅游者分为4种类型：中等涉入型、低涉入型、高涉入型和低风险可能型。这些类型旅游者在大多数社会人口统计特征和旅行行为特征上无显著差异,但在所属文化群体、信息来源数量、主客交往偏好、目的地整体形象和满意度上存在显著差异。     

旅行社质量保证金制度的重构

旅行社质量保证金是用于保障旅游者权益的专用款项.它对保证旅游质量、减少旅游纠纷、降低交易风险发挥了一定作用,但保证金制度设计的缺陷,致其功能远未充分彰显.本文从保证金制度的性质及功能出发,分析其实施中存在的问题,最后提出具体的重构措施和方法.     

An Overview of Benchmarking Literature

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to review the concept of benchmarking with emphasis on its strengths and weaknesses and the methods by which it can be applied to tourist facilities and destinations. To achieve its aim, the paper presents several approaches to the benchmarking and benchmarking development. In doing this, it examines the perceived benefits and costs of benchmarking and the implementation process. It then examines the different benchmarking methods using qualitative and quantitative research to identify performance gaps. From this, weaknesses of past benchmarking research are addressed. Finally, it analyses the development of benchmarking within the tourism industry together with some examples and its limitations.     

旅游合同一方当事人的认定探微

谁是旅游合同的当事人？这是摆在法院面前的一个既简单又复杂的问题。文章从旅游合同纠纷的实际案例出发,试图解决作为复杂问题的旅游合同一方当事人的认定难题。尽管赞同法院裁决时否定单位的旅游合同当事人资格的做法,但不接受其裁决理由,并提出了两种诠释路径：一种是基于现行法制,否定单位具有旅游合同当事人资格的正当性;另一种是面向未来,通过完善立法,承认单位是旅游合同当事人,但赋予作为受益人的旅游者直接请求权。前者适用我国《合同法》有关间接代理的条款,认定单位不是当事人,只是旅游者的代理人;后者建议完善《合同法》有关利他合同的规定,立法确认旅游者作为受益人得就其损害向旅行社提出违约赔偿。     

度假旅游者需求与行为特征分析——以中、俄赴三亚旅游者为例

度假旅游是中国新兴的产业发展形态和旅游方式。尽管此前20多年我国的度假旅游发展缓慢、曲折,但在2003年后出现了一个明显的拐点,远程度假旅游成为一个值得关注的新趋势。本文选取中国具有标杆性意义的度假旅游目的地——海南三亚的海内外度假旅游者作为调查对象,研究了中国及俄罗斯度假者的人口统计学特征、度假旅游动机、行为方式以及度假旅游需求特征,揭示出两国游客在旅游行为和需求方面的异同点。本研究验证了4个假设,也否定了学术界以往关于度假旅游的个别典型结论。