Hosts, guests and politics: Coastal Resorts Morphological Change

Resort morphology goes through a predictable sequence of stages: from pre-tourism low through high-density development to an urbanized state. Three elements are considered essential in such coastal resorts change: hosts, guests, and politics. Using historical data from the mass-developed Greek island of Crete, ten principal characteristics are identified as determinants of the morphological change of coastal resorts. A temporal model of unplanned change is also proposed. Although the study was constrained by limited data availability, the proposed model is deemed able to represent the morphological change of Cretan mass-developed coastal resorts.     

Atlantic City and the resort cycle background to the legalization of gambling

Stansfield, Charles A. Jr. “Atlantic City and the Resort Cycle: Background to the Legalization of Gambling”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. V, No. 2, April/June 1978, pp. 238–251. Legalization of casino gambling in Atlantic City was politically feasible only following widespread voter recognition of the old resort's economic and social plight. The success of a statewide referendum was attributed to the concept that only a radical change in Atlantic City's crowd-attracting formula would be successful as it had become obsolescent as a resort partly due to changes in transport technology and recreation geography. There is an apparent cycle in the development, expansion, shift in socio-economic base of patronage, and decline of resorts; Atalantic City's century and a quarter existence is used as a case study of this resort cycle.     

Generating socially responsible events at ski resorts

This study examines how ski resorts can manage events that are sustainable, while also balancing the needs of consumers and local workers. Using a mixed-method approach, quantitative results (from 710 ski tourists) highlight the influence of community-centric Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Orientation towards Sporting Events (OSE) on the involvement and satisfaction of visitors in sponsorship-linked events within Iranian ski resorts. Qualitative results (from 38 local resort workers) suggest local resort workers desire community engagement, personal well-being, and rejuvenation. The implications this has for hospitality development are discussed alongside the theoretical implications for future research exploring community-based CSR and Event Social Responsibility (ESR).     

Integrated Resort Development: The Case of Cavo Sidero,Crete

Many governments have encouraged integrated resort development in an attempt to improve the well-being of the local population by generating jobs and increasing income, and because of the easier control of tourism activities within their boundaries. However, most research reports various adverse environmental and social impacts. Because of the difficulty of assessing the impacts that may result from the construction of integrated resorts, the majority of research has been conducted after their construction. This study is an impact assessment carried out prior to a large-scale development that examines whether an integrated resort proposed for development at Cavo Sidero, Crete, will result in positive impacts for the destination and the local community, and it investigates whether any conflicting interests have arisen within stakeholder groups. Through primary research examining various stakeholder groups it is revealed that economic impacts are perceived as mostly positive, while social and environmental impacts, in many cases, are viewed as negative, and that conflicting interests have arisen between different stakeholder groups.     

Form and function in French resorts

Pearce, Douglas G., “Form and Function in French Resorts,” Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. V, No. 1, January/March 1978, pp. 142–156. This paper discusses the structure of a number of new French resorts and shows how their form is becoming increasingly functional as they develop their own morphological identity in response to new recreational demands. The growth of sailing and boating is reflected in the orientation of the “cite lacustre” and the marina whose form find parallels in the new integrated ski resort. Similarly, new principles have been incorporated in the design of some of the large new beach resorts such as La Grande Motte in order to overcome problems inherent in the traditional water front. Development of new centres of activity can also aid the renewal and expansion of existing resorts. However these purely functional resorts often exclude local participation in the development process and their promotion is now being questioned.     

三亚亚龙湾度假区开发管理模式研究及启示

三亚亚龙湾度假区是我国首批12个国家级度假区中,唯一一个采用企业化开发运营模式并获得成功的度假区.亚龙湾模式对于我国度假区管理体制探索和创新,以及新时期度假区开发管理有着积极的借鉴和示范意义.本文通过长期深入的案例调研,在掌握大量翔实的历史信息和访谈资料基础上,廓清了亚龙湾模式的核心特征,即企业主导开发.政府有限介入,政企沟通合作.研究有助于明确亚龙湾开发中政府和企业的权利边界和各自的角色定位,构建更为科学有效的度假区治理结构.文章同时指出了亚龙湾模式运行中出现的问题,并讨论了亚龙湾模式对于亚龙湾成功开发的作用及其适用性.     

大型投资集团介入对于海滨旅游地影响研究——广东惠州巽寮湾案例

通过面向社区居民的深度访谈和问卷调查发现,大型投资集团北京金融街公司整体介入开发对于巽寮湾海滨度假区的经济、社会和生态环境均产生了显著影响。当地居民按照对影响感知的不同可划分为积极的支持者和淡漠的反对者,其中积极的支持者占大多数。总的来看,金融街公司整体介入有力推动了巽寮湾度假区再开发进程,大部分当地居民从中受益,现阶段当地居民对于金融街公司介入巽寮湾开发的影响感知和态度较为积极。在国内众多投资集团大规模介入海滨旅游地开发的背景下,巽寮湾度假区再开发的旅游与社区一体化模式具有一定的积极示范意义。     

英国传统海滨度假地衰退研究——综述与启示

笔者在文献研究的基础上,再现英国传统海滨度假地发展历程及其衰退研究的重要理论成果.英国传统海滨度假地已有两百多年的发展历史,20世纪70--80年代以来出现了广泛的衰退.文献研究发现,对于这一现象,早期研究主要围绕着旅游地生命周期模型,从目的地度假产品相对竞争力弱化角度给予解释.近年来的研究出现了新动向,即引入社学经济领域的转型理论,着重探讨度假地外部环境变化对度假地衰退的影响,认为度假地衰退是内外部复杂因素互动的结果.理论研究成果为政府促进度假地复兴的战略选择提供了依据.     

Causes and consequences of underutilised capacity in a tourist resort development

There is a widespread presumption that the development of tourism resorts brings direct and indirect benefits to the area where they are located. There has been extensive critical discussion about the magnitude and distribution of these benefits. This paper adds to knowledge of these benefits by investigating the causes of under-utilisation of tourist resort capacity, typified by the problem of “empty beds”. Many owners of holiday homes in tourist resorts choose not to rent out their property when they are not making personal use of it, thereby reducing income earning potential of businesses in the area. This paper reports on a qualitative and quantitative study of holiday home owners at a ski resort in France. While personal use of properties was low, 40% of owners had never rented out their property. Analysis of the data converged on four emergent themes to explain this apparent reluctance to rent out: fears about the social habits of renters; issues of freedom and flexibility in use of their property; life course changes which forced renting/non-renting decisions; and financial issues. Financial issues were not a driver of investment/rental decisions, but derived from other social and lifestyle factors. The paper makes suggestions about how resort management can help to reduce owners' reluctance to rent, and thereby alleviate problems associated with empty beds.     

试论"主题山水"及其构思与营建

针对自然景观旅游地目前存在的诸多问题，借鉴“主题公园”的构建理念，本文提出“主题山水”的建设方法。认为应当在山水自然景观的开发、建设和经营管理中，提炼或塑造出一个适当的文化主题作为引力源；即在对自然山水景观的本底进行严格保育并使其自身的生态机能向良性方向发展的基础上，发掘或赋予其具有较高审美价值的文化因素作为整个旅游地的文化主题，景区内部的实体环境建设、无形氛围营造以及游程和解说系统均围绕这一主题展开，并以之作为旅游管理部门或企业的整体形象和经营理念，向外传播。并具体阐述了构建“主题山水”的思路和方法，包括深化、扩展和移植三种。     

Changing family dynamics: A force of change for the family-resort industry?

Families are an important market to the success of the destination resort industry. While previous research has focused on the consumer, a supply-side understanding of this market's impact is limited. To address these needs, an exploratory study examining changes in family amenities from the destination resort perspective was conducted. Owners/operators of family-oriented destination resorts (FODRs) were interviewed concerning changes in their family-oriented amenities (FOAs). Findings show that while consumers play the most significant role in driving resort change, multiple factors act as both barriers to and forces of change. Discussion and managerial implications concerning these forces and barriers are provided at the conclusion of the article.     

Influence of brand relationship on customer attitude toward integrated resort brands: a cognitive,affective, and conative perspective

ABSTRACT

Despite the significance of understanding customer behavior in the integrated resort setting, only limited research has been conducted on this topic. Thus, this study aims to identify and assess the antecedents of integrated resort brand loyalty from the perspective of Oliver’s cognitive, affective, and conative theory of attitudinal brand loyalty model. . A total of 443 respondents who had experienced integrated resorts participated and completed a survey questionnaire. A positive relationship was observed between two-way communication and brand attitude, emotional exchange and brand attitude, brand partner quality and brand attitude, and brand attitude and behavioral intention toward integrated resort brand. Results revealed the association between cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions and integrated resort brand value. This notion suggests that integrated resort brands carry a high awareness of relationship, and the brand will invoke an emotional value in customers. Therefore, integrated resorts should consider customer–brand relational aspects to achieve long-term success for the integrated resort brand.     

The Development and Management of Beach Resorts: Boracay Island,The Philippines

This paper deals with questions of beach resort development processes and their management. Issues are discussed within the context of Boracay Island in the Philippines, which is a popular destination, but one that is at risk from uncontrolled growth. The framework for the analysis is an existing model, and comparisons between it and the case reveal similarities and divergences. Findings suggest the unique qualities of individual resorts arising from local and national circumstances, but indicate more general patterns and attendant challenges that have a wider applicability. Development models are also seen to be useful, despite their limitations.     

The effect of dynamic integrated resort experience on Croatian customer behavior

This paper aims to gain knowledge on customers’ experience toward integrated resorts in Croatia. Customer perception toward integrated resorts was collected via face‐to‐face survey. The multidimensional experiential values and behaviors of 354 customers were studied. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Croatian customers are engaged with the integrated resort experience. This engagement influences their satisfaction and behavioral intention. Specifically, customers with high playfulness and service expectations tend to engage positive behavioral intention toward the integrated resort brand. This paper offers the first insight into the relationship between experiential value and behavioral intention in the integrated resort setting.     

Coastal tourism and shoreline management

This paper examines the environmental factors and the policy framework that have driven new approaches to shoreline management since the mid-90s, and how they interact with tourism development. The paper argues that resorts in the rejuvenation stage have limited options for coastal defense strategies due to the value of their economic (built) assets, unless redevelopment allows coastal re-alignment, while resorts placed earlier in the cycle can implement more sustainable strategies that work with the “natural” environment. However, environmental quality is not coupled to resort cycle stage. It can be enhanced at any stage, but especially so in the earlier and late (rejuvenation) stages.     

全球滑雪产业发展时空演化特征

全球滑雪产业呈现快速发展和空间格局不均衡的总体特征。本文综合运用空间分析和统计方法,基于滑雪总人次、滑雪场数量、滑雪场提升设备、冬奥会举办地4个表征性指标,进行全球滑雪产业时空演化分析。结果表明：欧洲阿尔卑斯地区仍为全球滑雪产业的主要集聚区,其次美洲和东亚发展迅速;全球滑雪场提升设备水平整体呈现不断优化趋势;冬奥会对全球滑雪产业发展的影响明显,冬奥会举办地由核心区域西欧向东亚移动;新冠疫情对全球滑雪产业产生了一定冲击,2020年全球滑雪总人次较2019年下降17.1%。以北京2022年冬奥会为契机,中国实现“三亿人参与冰雪运动”、建设国家级滑雪旅游度假地、积极筹备冬奥会迎接各国参赛等举措,将有效缓解新冠疫情对全球滑雪产业的负面影响,促进全球滑雪产业的可持续高质量发展,加速东亚地区成为全球滑雪产业的增长极。     

Resort cycle revisited: The retirement connection

This article reappraises the Butler model of resort evolution with the addition of a focus on retirement-tourism relationships. The model predicts retirement will emerge as a major factor in resorts as tourism goes into decline, but an examination of trends in Parksville and Qualicum Beach, British Columbia, Canada, revealed retirement has been a feature of those resorts since their early days and has grown alongside tourism. However, an analysis of content of local newspapers revealed that the two communities came to appreciate the retirement sector with their first major downturn in tourism, which in itself partially supports Butler's thesis.     

The ‘heritagisation’ of the British seaside resort: the rise of the ‘old penny arcade’

Amusement arcades have long been a key component of the British seaside resort. For almost a century, they enjoyed popularity and success and became established as a quintessential feature of the British seaside holiday. However, the advent of home-based video games along with recent gambling legislation has led to a decline of the seaside amusement arcade sector. Arcades gained a reputation as unsavoury places and their appearance and fortunes often mirrored those of the resorts in which they were located. However, over the past decade, a new variant of the seaside amusement arcade has appeared, featuring mechanical machines working on pre-decimal currency. Such ‘old penny arcades’ frequently describe themselves as museums or heritage centres and they offer an experience based on a nostalgic affection for the ‘traditional’ seaside holiday. They have appeared in the context of an increasing interest in the heritage of the British seaside resort and constitute one element of the ‘heritagisation’ of such resorts. This paper argues that such arcades can be important elements of strategies to reposition and rebrand resorts for the heritage tourism market.     

Proposed framework for the management of resorts Mini Clubs: an ambidextrous approach

ABSTRACT

Drawing on ambidextrous approaches to management, this study has found that Mini Clubs, whilst predominantly adopting an exploitative approach, need to redesign their services to enhance children’s experiences but also to contribute to the resorts’ competitive edge. The study suggests that a two-step strategy needs to be implemented by leisure organisations, namely an increased complexity strategy and an increased divergence strategy, which would make a strategic shift to a more exploratory approach and therefore ambidextrous management and marketing practices. Management initiatives are proposed and discussed in relation to key global trends influencing the leisure and hospitality sector. The paper represents the first endeavour to examine the management of resort Mini Clubs, proposes to fill a gap in the literature aimed to recognise the increasing role of children activities in the leisure and hospitality sector, and contributes to the study of ambidextrous management in leisure research.     

Book reviews

There is growing evidence that young tourists at nightlife resorts have a propensity for risk-taking. Based on ethnographic fieldwork at an international nightlife resort in Bulgaria, this article examines how guides help tourists lower their inhibitions and reach states of collective effervescence. Focus is on young guides and tourists from Denmark. The article argues that the guides use four basic techniques to stir up effervescence: body techniques, speech and sound effects, crowd effects and alcohol.