工作满意度、主观幸福感与工作绩效

工作满意度、工作压力、组织支持、组织承诺及工作绩效等变量之间的关系是近年来组织管理领域所热议的话题.本文以我国中西部地区两个省会城市的196名青年公务员作为研究样本,深入探讨了青年公务员工作满意度、主观幸福感与工作绩效之间的关系.实证研究结果表明:工作满意度和主观幸福感对工作绩效都具有显著影响,并且,主观幸福感在工作满意度和工作绩效之间起到部分中介效应.此外,一些人口统计学变量对于工作满意度和主观幸福感也起到一定的影响作用.本文所得出的结论和建议对于今后改善青年公务员管理工作具有一定的理论和现实意义.     

心理资本、工作满意度和工作绩效关系研究——基于石家庄市制药企业的实证分析

本文通过对石家庄制药企业领导和员工的实证研究,探讨了石家庄制药企业员工心理资本与工作满意度和工作绩效之间的关系.得出的主要研究结论包括:(1)心理资本对工作满意度有显著直接影响;(2)心理资本对工作绩效有显著直接影响,同时通过工作满意度对工作绩效有显著间接影响;(3)工作满意度对工作绩效有显著直接影响;其中工作满意度对工作绩效中的关系绩效的影响较大.     

职场排斥对服务业员工工作绩效的影响——基于组织自尊的缓冲效应

笔者采用问卷调查法,以环渤海地区服务业员工为调研对象,使用SPSS16.0,分析组织自尊、职场排斥与工作绩效的关系.研究表明,职场排斥对工作绩效中的任务绩效与关系绩效均有显著的负向影响;组织自尊对工作绩效中的任务绩效与关系绩效均有显著的正向影响;组织自尊在职场排斥与工作绩效之间起到调节作用.研究结果有利于澄清职场排斥、组织自尊和工作绩效的关系,有利于管理者分析影响员工工作的因素,对管理实践有着重要的启示意义.     

知识型员工工作价值观对组织支持感与工作绩效的中介影响

以知识型员工作为研究对象,对其组织支持感的结构以及对工作绩效的影响进行实证研究.引入工作价值观作为组织支持感和工作绩效的中间变量,探讨工作价值观的中介作用.研究表明,组织支持感的部分因子对工作绩效有显著性影响;工作价值观对组织支持感与工作绩效有部分中介作用.     

职场排斥对国有企业员工工作绩效的影响——基于组织自尊的缓冲效应

研究发现职场排斥作为一种普遍现象,对员工的工作绩效产生影响,并受一些员工个体特征和情境因素的影响。本文采用问卷调查法,以环渤海地区国有企业员工为调研对象,使用SPSS16．0分析组织自尊、职场排斥与工作绩效的关系。研究表明：职场排斥对工作绩效中的任务绩效与关系绩效均有显著的负向影响;组织自尊对工作绩效中的任务绩效与关系绩效均有显著的正向影响;组织自尊在职场排斥与工作绩效之间起到调节作用。研究结果有利于澄清职场排斥、组织自尊和工作绩效的关系,有利于管理者分析影响员工工作的因素,对管理实践有着重要的启示意义。     

内在激励因素、工作态度与知识员工工作绩效

双因素理论和工作特性模型都揭示了内在激励因素对员工激励的重要作用。但是,不同群体员工的内在激励因素是有差异的。本文基于对知识员工的特性分析,提出内在激励因素包括工作自主权、上级支持、晋升机会以及人与组织匹配等4个方面,建立了这些内在激励因素对知识员工工作态度、工作绩效影响关系的假设模型,并进行了实证检验。结果发现,工作自主权、晋升机会、上级支持、感知的人与组织匹配通过工作满意度、组织承诺对工作绩效有显著的正向影响。     

认知闭合需要的测量及其对工作结果的影响

个体特征如""大五"人格等对个体绩效具有显著的影响,因此对个体特征包括个体认知特征进行深入研究,有助于我们对组织中影响绩效的因素作全面的考察。个体认知闭合需要是描述个体认知特征的重要变量,本文在中国的文化背景下检验了认知闭合需要量表的适用性,并考察了个体认知闭合需要与其工作绩效、工作满意度和工作倦怠之间的关系,结果发现,认知闭合需要对上述的工作结果有显著的影响。研究结论可应用于组织中招聘和晋升等人力资源管理工作,对提高组织绩效有直接的参考价值。     

相对领导-成员交换关系对员工工作态度的影响

领导与员工关系在员工工作态度形成过程中发挥着重要作用。运用包含590组数据的大样本及按部门和性别划分的分类样本,分析了相对领导-成员交换关系（RLMX）对员工工作态度的影响。结果表明,无论何种情况下,RLMX都会正向影响工作满意度和组织支持感,其中社会比较交换关系（LMXSC）发挥部分中介作用。但社会比较倾向（SCO）的调节作用却与员工性别有关,对于女性而言,SCO负向调节了LMXSC对组织支持感的影响,对LMXSC与工作满意度关系的调节作用不显著;对于男性而言,SCO在LMXSC与态度之间的调节作用均不显著。     

医护人员工作满意度与工作绩效关系实证研究——以河西学院附属张掖人民医院为例

医护人员是医疗服务的直接提供者,其工作满意度与工作绩效对于医疗服务质量具有重要意义。文章以河西学院附属张掖人民医院医护人员为调查对象,在既往关于工作满意度及工作绩效的研究成果基础上构建了医护人员工作满意度与工作绩效关系研究模型,并提出了相应的假设,然后通过PLS结构方程模型结合调查数据对模型及假设进行了检验。研究结果显示:管理环境正向影响医护人员薪酬水平、工作群体以及工作条件;而薪酬水平、工作群体和工作条件均对医护人员工作满意度具有正向影响;工作满意度则对角色工作绩效和创新工作绩效具有正向影响。     

中国企业员工工作满意度与组织公民行为关系实证研究

文章用实证研究方法探讨了中国企业员工工作满意度与组织公民行为之间的关系。通过对中国多家企业共495名员工进行的调查分析发现:员工工作满意度与组织公民行为显著正相关;工作满意度不同维度对组织公民行为的影响存在差异。     

Technological Progress, Job Creation, and Job Destruction

New technology embodied in capital equipment can be adopted either through destruction of existing jobs and the creation of new ones or by renovation, updating the job's equipment. Under the assumption that the destruction of jobs generates worker layoffs, we show that higher productivity growth induces lower unemployment when renovation costs are low, but that the response of employment to growth switches from positive to negative as the cost of updating existing technology rises above a unique critical level. The effects of idiosyncratic productivity differences and cross sector mobility on the aggregate relationship between growth and unemployment are also studied.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: D92, E24, J41, J63, J64.     

Trade Competitiveness and Employment: Job Creation or Job Destruction

This paper empirically examines the impact of fluctuations in international trade competitiveness on employment in the UK manufacturing sector over the period 1999–2010. We find statistically significant but economically small effects of a shock to international trade competitiveness on the level of employment. Our results show that the adjustment process in employment mainly works through job creation. We also find that compared to large firms, small firms contribute more toward job creation than job destruction. Our results that changes in GDP growth rate and average wages are significantly related to employment suggest that the UK labour market significantly responds to market forces. Finally, we find that the effect of changes in the real exchange rate on both job creation and job destruction differs between exporting and non-exporting firms.     

Job contact networks

Many workers hear about or obtain their jobs through friends and relatives. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we relate both individual and aggregate labor market outcomes to the network structure of personal contacts. Second, we study strategic network formation. To this purpose, we develop a model specifying at the individual level both the decision to form contacts with other agents, and the process by which information about jobs is obtained and transmitted. We show that equilibrium networks always exist and that only moderate levels of network asymmetry can be sustained at equilibrium. Also, we establish a general non-monotonicity result on information flow and unemployment with respect to network size in symmetric networks.     

Whose Job Goes Abroad? International Outsourcing and Individual Job Separations

This paper focuses on the adjustment costs of globalisation by studying the effects of international outsourcing on individual transitions out of jobs in the Danish manufacturing sector for the period 1990–2003. A competing risks duration model that distinguishes between job‐to‐job and job‐to‐unemployment transitions is estimated. Outsourcing is found to increase the unemployment risk of low‐skilled workers, but the quantitative impact is modest. Outsourcing is also found to reduce the job change hazard rate for all education groups. Thus, the paper provides evidence for small adjustment costs of globalisation.     

就业流动对农民工工作满意度的影响研究

本文基于广州、深圳和东莞三个珠三角城市的实地调查数据,从工作环境、收入、人际关系三个维度出发衡量农民工的整体工作满意度,根据农民工的就业特征区分两种就业流动形式——主动流动和被动流动,分析就业流动对农民工工作满意度的影响。研究发现:就业流动是农民工工作满意度的重要影响因素,主动流动和被动流动都对农民工的工作满意度有显著的负向影响。要推进"人的城镇化",提高农民工在城市的工作满意度,需要采取措施减少农民工在城市的就业流动。     

Job Creation, Job Destruction, and the International Division of Labor

The authors incorporate equilibrium unemployment due to imperfect matching into a model of trade in intermediate inputs. Firms are assumed to be price‐takers and their size is given by technology. Firms enter the market as long as expected profits cover the search cost they incur initially; jobs are endogenously destroyed by random shocks that affect firms’ price–cost margins. Trade increases productivity in the final good and then demand for each intermediate input. Steady‐state unemployment is reduced after trade integration because the rate of job destruction is reduced, which in turn induces an indirect positive effect on job creation. A more volatile environment faced by firms does not necessarily increase unemployment. However, the rate of job destruction unambiguously rises, and rises more under free trade.     

Monitoring Job Offer Decisions,Punishments, Exit to Work,and Job Quality

Unemployment insurance systems include the monitoring of unemployed workers and punitive sanctions if job search requirements are violated. We analyze the causal effect of sanctions on the ensuing job quality, notably on wages and occupational level. We use Swedish data and estimate duration models dealing with selection on unobservables. We also develop a theoretical job search model that monitors job offer rejection versus job search effort. The empirical results show that, after a sanction, the wage rate is lower and individuals move more often to a part‐time job and a lower occupational level, incurring human capital losses.     

Technology Shocks and Job Flows

We consider a version of the Solow growth model where technological progress can be investment specific or investment neutral. The labour market is subject to search frictions, and the existing productive units may fail to adopt the most recent technological advances. Technological progress can lead to the destruction of technologically obsolete jobs and cause unemployment. We calibrate the model to replicate the high persistence that characterizes the dynamics of firms' neutral technology and the frequency of firms' capital adjustment. We find that neutral technological advances increase job destruction and job reallocation and reduce aggregate employment. Investment-specific technological advances reduce job destruction, have mild effects on job creation, and are expansionary. Hence, neutral technological progress prompts Schumpeterian creative destruction, while investment-specific technological progress operates essentially as in the standard neoclassical growth model. Using structural VAR models, we provide support to the key dynamic implications of the model.