中国的贷款损失准备金制度具有良好的逆周期功能

中国银监会于2011年颁发的《中国银行业实施新监管标准指导意见》明确规定,建立贷款拨备率和拨备覆盖率监管标准,其中贷款拨备率(贷款损失准备占贷款的比例)不低于2.5%,拨备覆盖率(贷款损失准备占不良贷款的比例)不低于150%,原则上按两者孰高的方法确定银行业金融机构贷款损失准备监管要求。这项制度是一个重大创新,对提高中国银行业资产质量稳健性将起到重要作用。     

构建逆周期宏观审慎监管框架下相关会计准则问题的探讨

宏观审慎监管框架下会计准则的演进 （一）宏观审慎监管框架下拨备政策的演进巴塞尔银行委员会《巴塞尔协议Ⅲ》中强调实施宏观审慎监管要与会计标准制定机构密切对话,推动建立前瞻性的动态损失拨备制度。国内银监会《中国银行业实施新监管标准指导意见》和《商业银行贷款损失准备管理办法》中要求商业银行在计提专项准备基础上,     

银行业新监管指标的局限性

2011年4月中旬,中国银监会发布了《中国银行业实施新监管标准指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》),确立了我国银行业实施新监管标准的政策框架。《指导意见》提出,银监会将对商业银行建立贷款拨备率与拨备覆盖率相结合、且原则上按两者孰高方法确定的贷款损失拨备新监管标准。拨备覆盖率是贷款损失准备(现一般按贷款减值准备)对不良贷款的比率,始     

拨备制度变化对上市银行的影响

自国际金融危机爆发后,为应对危机、配套政府经济刺激措施,中国银行业贷款激增,仅2009年前9个月,新增贷款就达到8.7万亿元,超过了2007年和2008年的总和。虽然2010年在监管部门的调控下,银行业贷款增速有所下降,但在惯性作用下,贷款增长依然不慢。为避免未来银行贷款质量恶化,中国银监会开始筹划应对措施,其中之一就是提高银行的拨备水平。目前中国银行业在计提拨备时,依然遵循的是人民银行2002年《贷款损失准备计提指引》,按照该规定,银行提取的贷款损失准备金有三类:一般准备     

贷款损失准备的税收政策探讨

《贷款损失准备的税收政策探讨》一文,通过对贷款拨备税收政策的国际比较, 认为我国银行业计提的贷款损失准备没有获得应有的税务减免,从而严重制约了我国商业银行及时足额计提各项贷款损失准备。据此,作者认为,应当尽快改革贷款拨备的税收政策和呆账核销程序。     

基于滚动率模型的信用卡风险拨备计提方法

风险拨备即贷款损失准备,是指商业银行为抵御资产风险而提取的用于补偿资产未来可能发生损失的准备金,在商业银行成本中列支。拨备覆盖率和贷款拨备率是两个重要的监管指标,拨备覆盖率=贷款损失准备÷不良贷款余额,贷款拨备率=贷款损失准备÷贷款余额。     

新监管标准对中国商业银行资本管理的影响及建议

为加强金融监管,中国银监会借鉴国际金融监管改革成果,根据《巴塞尔协议Ⅲ》和国内银行业实际情况,确立了中国银行业新监管标准。新资本充足率标准将使银行在未来面临资本补充压力,杠杆率和贷款损失准备标准将抑制银行贷款过快增长,流动性标准将促进银行业务转型。新监管标准有助于构建更加完善的银行业监管体系,但在拨备覆盖率和贷款拨备率指标上似乎还存在一定的局限性。根据新监管标准,此文提出了商业银行资本管理的建议。     

银监会:拨备覆盖率最低120%

<正>近日,银监会印发了《关于调整商业银行贷款损失准备监管要求的通知》(下称《通知》),调整商业银行贷款损失准备监管要求。调整内容包括,拨备覆盖率监管要求由150%调整为120%至150%,贷款拨备率监管要求由2.5%调整为1.5%至2.5%。     

新监管标准对中国商业银行资本管理的影响及建议

为加强金融监管,中国银监会借鉴国际金融监管改革成果,根据《巴塞尔协议Ⅲ》和国内银行业实际情况,确立了中国银行业新监管标准。新资本充足率标准将使银行在未来面临资本补充压力,杠杆率和贷款损失准备标准将抑制银行贷款过快增长,流动性标准将促进银行业务转型。新监管标准有助于构建更加完善的银行业监管体系,但在拨备覆盖率和贷款拨备率指标上似乎还存在一定的局限性。根据新监管标准,此文提出了商业银行资本管理的建议。     

动态拨备在中国银行业的实施研究

美国次贷危机表明现行国际会计准则（IAS59）已发生损失模型（Incurred Loss Model）在计提贷款损失准备方面具有明显的亲经济周期性特征,是加剧金融市场波动的重要因素。为解决贷款损失准备计提方法存在的亲周期性,国际银行监管界正积极寻找一种替代的方法,而西班牙动态拨备模型被广泛地认为是解决已发生损失模型亲周期性最行之有效的方法。本文从理论和实践两个层面对西班牙动态拨备模型进行了深入研究,并对如何在中国银行业实施动态拨备模型进行了制度设计。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.