Duality In Catherine＇s Personality In Wuthering Heights

The heroine Catherine＇s personality is filled with contradictions in Wuthering Heights. On the one hand, she represents a girl of simple nature and free mind without any worldly sophistication. On the other hand, she is worldly in her personality, which is manifested by her vanity she desires for fame and wealth.     

In Data We Trust? An Analysis of Indonesian Socioeconomic Survey Data

What if a popular dataset that has generated a large amount of literature has been misunderstood and has led to misleading inferences? This paper examines household expenditure data from the Indonesian National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas), which started more than 50 years ago. Appropriate use of Susenas data for policy analysis requires an understanding that the survey’s expenditure variable does not measure true out-of-pocket expenses, because it includes subsidies received by households when obtaining goods and services. We also highlight an abrupt change in the survey instrument that occurred in 2015, when the reference period for certain items was extended. For health items, this generated a change in the expenditure series that can be misinterpreted as being the result of a social health insurance reform introduced in 2014 to lower the health care burden on households. Accordingly, we propose a way to account for this artificial expenditure movement in Susenas.     

Did the European unification induce economic growth? In search of scale effects and persistent changes

Did the European Unification Induce Economic Growth? In Search of Scale Effects and Persistent Changes. — In this paper we investigate whether the European unification has had an impact on the Union’s average labor productivity growth. Based on a time-series approach we do not find a scale effect as suggested by new growth theory. However, the data do not reject the hypothesis that the EU growth experience is well described by a textbook Solow model. Panel data estimations moreover firmly reject the idea of a growth bonus associated with EU membership.     

In Memory of Professor Xiaokai Yang

Yew-Kwang Ng *Professor Xiaokai Yang passed away at 49 (= 7 by 7) minutespast 7 a.m. on 7 July 2004. When he was diagnosed with latelung cancer in Sep. 2001, he was given a life expectancy of only3-6 months. However, Xiaokai had a strong will to live longerand extended his life expectancy by about 7 times. He persistedin walking every day, 2 hours in the morning and 2 hours in theafternoon. Last year when I was walking with him, I could notcatch up with his pace and endurance. I had to as…     

“Made In China”的价值

三年前，我们考虑自己的企业战略时，准备做英文的出口网站。做新的网站就要有新的域名，就上网检索，看到的是，日本制造、美国制造，所有重要国家的相关域名全被人拿走了，而“中国制造”这个域名，MadeInChina．com，当时在网上被人开价25万美元，还没有买主。再一了解，据说它已经这样被叫卖多年了，给人的感觉是，它的价已经开得很高，但没人愿意买。     

Impact of Public Investment on Private Investment in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Crowding In or Crowding Out?

This paper investigates the possible crowding‐in or crowding‐out effect of public investment on private investment in sub‐Saharan Africa. While this relationship has been theoretically and empirically studied in the literature, most studies used traditional panel fixed effects or Generalized Method of Moments estimators which can potentially lead to biased and inconsistent estimates. We employ heterogeneous parameter models, including the Mean Group, the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group Model, and the Augmented Mean Group estimators, to incorporate the possibility of slope heterogeneity and the presence of cross‐sectional dependence. Using a large sample of 44 sub‐Saharan African countries over the period 1960–2015, we find that on average public investment crowds in private investment in sub‐Saharan Africa. We also find that the impact differs between countries and is higher in countries with a strong private sector.