中国汽车贸易问题的对策研究

随着中国进入WTO,汽车贸易的前景看好,但同时中国的汽车贸易也面临着前所未有的国际竞争,很多贸易问题也显露出来。文章针对贸易中产品质量,产业规模,售后服务等问题,提出加快企业改革,加强自主研发,借鉴别国经验等对策。     

The Hicksian trade cycle with floor and ceiling dependent on capital stock

This article reconsiders the Hicksian multiplier – accelerator model with ‘floor’ and ‘ceiling’. The new thrust is that these constraints are tied to the actual stock of capital, the floor to the depreciation on this stock, the ceiling to capital as a limiting production factor according to the fixed proportions technology that also underlies the principle of acceleration. For capital formation just the Hicksian investment theory is used. The result is one unified model creating economic growth and growth rate cycles.     

新时期国有企业工会工作面临的问题及对策

当前,国有企业工会要想实践好科学发展观重要思想,必须清醒地认识和研究当前工会工作所遇到的新情况、新问题,以与时俱进的精神状态迎接挑战,才能探索出适应新形势要求的企业工会工作的新路子。     

The problem of riches: from trade boards to a national minimum wage

This article explores why, despite repeated shifts in the attitude of friends and enemies alike, wages councils (formerly trade boards) have survived for over seventy years. It examines their value and limitations, and considers the need for more wide-ranging regulation to tackle the problem of poverty wages in the midst of affluence.     

城市空间互补与城市交通问题

聚集效应主要决定于城市区域空间之间的互补性,而与土地价格不存在互为因果的关系.城市区域空间互补性越强,聚集经济越大,资源空间布局越有效率,城市通勤距离也越短.由此才可以形成有效率的城市多中心空间形态.大都市交通问题的根源在于城市资源空间布局的非互补性.     

Endogenous business cycle propagation and the persistence problem: The role of labor-market frictions

Contrasting sharply with a recent trend in DSGE modeling, we propose a business cycle model where frictions and shocks are chosen with parsimony. The model emphasizes a few labor-market frictions and shocks to monetary policy and technology. The model, estimated from U.S. quarterly postwar data, accounts well for important differences in the serial correlation of the growth rates of aggregate quantities, the size of aggregate fluctuations and key comovements, including the correlation between hours and labor productivity. Despite its simplicity, the model offers an answer to the persistence problem (Chari et al., 2000) that does not rely on multiple frictions and adjustment lags or ad hoc backward-looking components. We conclude modern DSGE models need not embed large batteries of frictions and shocks to account for the salient features of postwar business cycles.     

Labor supply over the life cycle: the long-term forecasting problem

Problems concerning the development of long-term forecasts of age variations in the labor supply are discussed. The author examines problems related to using the life cycle theory of labor supply to analyze such variations. An alternative theory, which suggests that the labor supply of younger and older groups is influenced by subsidies from prime-aged groups, is proposed and tested using U.S. data for the last 60 years.     

Optimal control theory and the reelection problem: The rise of a political business cycle

Riassunto In questo lavoro gli autori si propongono di evidenziare, tramite tecniche di controllo ottimo, l'insorgere di un ciclo politico economico nell'andamento del sistema economico, cioè l'eventuale manipolazione da parte del governo della situazione economica al fine di essere rieletto per il successivo mandato.Il modello proposto prevede una funzione di costo-popolarità, che determina la rielezione, lineare-quadratica rispetto al reddito nazionale e all'inflazione. La formalizzazione quadratica sia rispetto alla variabile di stato che alla variabile di controllo è motivo di alcune complicazioni analitiche del tutto estranee alla letteratura esistente sul terna. Il modello, da un punto di vista economico, si presenta più ricco e completo rispetto a quelli riportati in letteratura: in esso infatti, oltre alla curva di Phillips, sono presenti anche le equazioni IS-LM. Questa caratteristica rende possibili alcune considerazioni riguardo al ruolo dei fattori monetari e della spesa pubblica all'interno del ciclo politico economico.Dall'analisi svolta nell'articolo risulta confermato l'insorgere, sotto alcune condizioni, di un ciclo politico economico. Per determinati valori dei parametri del modello il comportamento può comunque anche essere caratterizzato da oscillazioni smorzate o da una continua espansione economica.     

Business,trade and the environment: An agenda for stability in world trade

Conflicts between trade liberalization, as promoted by the World Trade Organisation, and demands for environmental protection have the potential seriously to disrupt the world's trading system to the point of detriment of, among others, the business community. The paper sets out the essential issues raised in the trade/environment debate, with some case study analysis as to how and why the problems have arisen. One of the principal constraints of freer trade on environmental policy making is fears of impacts on business competitiveness. The paper concludes that, while these fears are often exaggerated, they are justified for some environmentally intensive sectors, and they certainly constrain the introduction of environment policies. The paper makes proposals as to how the rules governing world trade, and their interpretation, could be modified to make domestic environmental policy making easier, and suggests that it is strongly in the interests of international business to see these modifications implemented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Identifying hubs and spokes in global supply chains using redirected trade in value added

The increasing importance of global supply chains has prompted the use of analytical tools based on trade in value added – instead of traditional measures in gross value. We use this analytical framework to develop indicators that identify production hubs and supply spokes in global supply chains. Using these indicators and the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database, we quantify the relative importance of redirected value-added trade and the hub and spoke relationships at the aggregate level and for specific highly integrated industries.     

Asset markets,relative price shocks and trade anomalies in international real business cycle models

Both relative prices and the flow of goods between countries are significantly smoother in international real business cycle models than in the data. Also, in these models, increases in output cause a worsening of the terms of trade, while in the data, these variables are roughly uncorrelated. Because the imperfect substitutability of goods already limits the ability to pool country-specific risk, restricting access to asset markets has little impact on these anomalies. However, introducing exogenous terms of trade shocks allows the model to explain these trade and price anomalies while retaining the ability to replicate other aspects of the data.     

未注册商标法律保护的根据

未注册商标是商标法保护的重要内容 ,保护未注册商标有充分的事实根据和法律根据。首先 ,是历史和事实根据。其次是《巴黎公约》等国际条约和外国的立法均对未注册商标进行保护。最后 ,我国新修订的商标法大大加强了对未注册商标的保护。总之 ,虽然各国商标法的内容绝大部分是围绕注册商标规定的 ,但是 ,不能因此认为未注册商标不应当受法律保护。     

论职场成功之道

加入WTO后,特别是中共十六届三中全会后,中国各行各业的市场化速度正以超过人们想像的速度向前推进,所以,变革成了当今经济与管理活动的一种常态.这种加速的变革不但对人们衣食住行等日常生活等产生了深刻的影响,还对人们的思想观念、生活态度等产生了前所未有的冲击,这些又反过来深深地影响着中国整个社会的转型与变革的进程.     

The marketing cycle for a not-for-profit

Marketing is a process, one with discrete and identifiable steps. This is true for both for-profit and nonprofit organisations. However, many nonprofits are told what services or products they will provide, thus skipping the crucial first steps in the marketing process. This paper lays out a classical marketing cycle and shows its applications for nonprofit and voluntary organisations. Several examples are discussed.     

On the queueing problem of correlated arrivals with many servers in a finite waiting space

This paper provides an analysis of the steady state behaviour of a discrete time, first come first served limited space queueing problem with many serers. The arrival probabilities at two consecutive time-marks are correlated, whereas the departure probabilities, though depending on the queue length, are assumed to be statistically independent. Probability generating functions for the queue length for the various cases have also been listed. A few particular cases have also been derived. Mean queue lengths are also found out.     

The new independent trade unionism in Hungary

This article describes the development of political and economic reform in Hungary since 1956 and considers the recent emergence of independent trade unionism, particularly the new Democratic Union of Scientific Workers (TDDSZ). The author assesses the prospects for independent trade unionism in general as well as the reform of the official trade union movement (SZOT) in a rapidly changing political climate.     

Using life cycle approaches to enhance the value of corporate environmental disclosures

As the focus of environmental policy and management shifts from cleaner production at the process level towards greener products as a whole, stakeholders ask for transparency throughout the entire value chain. This article assesses the comprehensiveness and the value of currently reported quantitative environmental disclosures of 97 listed companies from the automotive, banking, pharmaceutical and electronic hardware sectors. Findings indicate that quantitative environmental disclosures have many limitations, including incompleteness and inconsistency regarding corporate activities and sites, and limited internal data coherence. For many sectors, corporate disclosures only cover a very small share of the total environmental burden of products. A stepwise procedure is proposed to verify and improve the quality and completeness of reporting using life cycle approaches. We present simple data quality tests, and we introduce the concept of the environmental influence matrix, which provides a solid basis for the identification and prioritization of key performance indicators and areas of action. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

The conflict mitigating effects of trade in the India-Pakistan case

We examine whether greater inter-state trade, democracy and reduced military spending lower belligerence between India and Pakistan, beginning with a theoretical model covering the opportunity costs of conflict in terms of trade losses and security spending, as well as the costs of making concessions to rivals. Conflict between the two nations is best understood in a multivariate framework where variables such as economic performance, integration with rest of the world, bilateral trade, military expenditure, democracy orientation and population are simultaneously considered. Our empirical investigation based on time series econometrics from 1950 to 2005 suggests that reduced bilateral trade, greater military expenditure, less development expenditure, lower levels of democracy, lower growth rates and less general trade openness are all conflict enhancing. Globalization, or a greater openness to international trade with the rest of the world, is the most significant driver of a liberal peace, rather than a common democratic orientation.     

The anatomy of trade union benefits in the 1960's

Pre-1914, average union expenditure per head on benefits almost equalled the average wage; today it is only one-twentieth of average earnings. In analysing the trends in benefit patterns, the authors discuss such factors as the low level of expenditure on unemployment benefit, the rising trend of dispute benefit in the 1960's, the run down of superannuation benefits, and the increase in expenditure on sickness and accident, and the increase in contributions to educational programmes. They also consider probable future developments.