引入LCC理念优化电网设备招标采购

本文介绍全寿命周期成本(LCC)理念,分析了影响LCC的主要因素,探讨了在招标采购环节引入LCC的方法和LCC招标实施方案。提出了应用LCC理念指导设备采购的研究建议。     

评标专家信用管理之探讨

一、引言招标采购作为一种优化社会资源配置的交易方式,近年来在减少市场信息不对称、降低交易成本和提高市场交易效率方面发挥了重大作用。评标委员会负责招标采购项目的评标工作,在招标采购活动中发挥着重要作用。评标专家凭借自身的专业知识和丰富的工作经验公正诚实地进行评标,结合评标专家的职责以及信用内涵,对评标专家信用定义如下:招标投标活动中,评标专家按照法律法规和招标文件要     

基本价值工程原理的机电设备国际招标评标模型及应用

本文介绍了我国现有的机电设备采购项目国际招标体系,分析了机电设备国际招标的现状,指出了我国机电设备国际招标管理及评标体系存在的问题;建立了机电设备国际招标评价指标体系。并运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用价值工程原理构建评标模型,提出了机电设备国际招标的评标方法。     

辅助评标系统设计方案探析

近年来,随着《招标投标法》及其实施条例的不断完善,各党政机关、事业单位和央企国企对招标采购的规范化要求不断提升。而招标过程尤其是评标过程的标准化和信息化,是实现招标采购规范化的关键环节。本文结合某标准化采购辅助评标系统项目研发实践,对采购标准化辅助评标系统的设计方案进行探析。     

对招标代理机构和评标专家监管问题的思考

国家通过推行招投标制度来规范采购人的采购行为,同时也出台了众多法律、法规、规范等对招标行为进行监督管理,以保证采购环节的公开、公平、公正。在招标活动中,主要的当事人有招标人、招标代理机构、投标人、评标专家以及监督机构等,其中,招标代理机构和评标专家作为客观独立的第三方,负责依法组织招标与评标工作,对招标程序的规范性、评标的公平性、结果的公正性承担着主要责任。     

“三法一引”精益招标模式在地市级商业烟草企业中的应用——以唐山烟草精益招标实践为例

就当前地市级商业烟草在招标采购工作中的问题进行研究,导入精益理念与方法,践行精益招标采购,对企业招标采购项目进行科学分类,对现行的评标方法(合理低价法、综合低价法、综合评标法)进行科学选择,构建"三法一引"精益招标模式,提高招标采购效益。     

国内外招标的评标专家评价

评标公平公正对招标采购的公平公正起着决定性作用.评标专家在各国招标中起到不同程度的作用.我国由招标人的代表和专家评标,专家对评标的方向和质量起到主导作用.美国、英国和德国的评审专家是在业主方或采购官员有需求时才予以邀请参加,同时专家也仅是提供咨询性意见,最终由业主方或采购官员决定.国情不同导致评标专家在招标中所起的作用存在较大区别.     

对中央国家专项基金招标项目的评标办法浅议

评标是招标采购的中心环节,而评标方法的选择又是做好招标采购的关键所在,为了规范评标委员会的评标活动,国家计委、国家经贸委、建设部、铁道部、交通部、信息产业部、水利部联合制定了《评标委员会和评标方法暂行规定》,明确了评标方法包括经评审的最低投标价法、综合评估法或者法律、行政法规允许的其他评标方法。实践     

如何加强评标专家管理

评标是招标采购程序中的一个重要环节,评标的关键在于依据招标文件所规定的评标标准和办法,借助评标专家丰富的专业知识,公开、公平、公正地确定满足招标文件各项要求的中标候选人。在评标过程中,评标专家具有举足轻重的地位和作用,因此加强评标专家管理,提升评标专家素质,提高评标专家评标水平至关重要。     

企业自主采购招标的具体程序和方法

本文通过采购招标工作实践,对民营企业采购招标、投标的基本步骤进行总结,按照采购招标、投标的程序分别给出采购招标的计划、招标、投标、开标、评标和定标具体的操作流程、内容和方法。     

远景施工影响下的变电站地基承载力特征分析及综合施工方法——以北京市大兴变电站为例

现有的地基承载力特征分析模型没有建立地基承载力的边界条件,导致模型的数值模拟结果与实际测量情况误差较大。因此,在远景施工影响下,以北京市大兴变电站为例设计变电站地基承载力特征分析方法,为综合施工方法提供保障。计算岩土力学特征参数,分析岩土微粒与周边应力的关联,将其分为光滑面与粗糙面,分别计算地基两侧土体力学特性,经多点交叉建立地基承载力边界条件,构建变电站承载力数学模型,计算区域地基承载力上限,匹配综合施工方法。实验结果表明：实验组得到的数值模拟结果与实际数值的误差约为11.35%,准确性较高;实验组的总费用为73 646万元,施工方法的建设费用较少,远景施工影响下的变电站地基承载力特征分析及综合施工方法的实际应用效果较好。     

How to Model a Child in School? A Dynamic Macrosimulation Study for Tanzania

Universal primary education is regarded as one of the key pillars of sustainable development. The positive influence of education on growth is supported by many empirical studies. However, the effects of education on labour supply, poverty reduction and welfare as well as subsistence agriculture are hardly traceable in an econometric set‐up, given the complex interactions and the long‐term nature of education. An economy‐wide dynamic simulation model provides a well‐suited toolkit to analyse the effects of increased school provision in these aspects and provides insights into the intertemporal aspects of the schooling decision of children. We develop a macroeconomic model that explicitly includes education and human capital allocation, and takes into account that the possibility of child labour increases the opportunity costs of human capital formation. In an application for Tanzania, we find that a large‐scale investment programme in education might have a negative effect on both gross domestic product (GDP) growth and high‐skilled labour supply in the short term but leads to higher GDP and welfare as well as significantly reduced child labour supply in the medium to long term.     

Unequal school enrollment rights,rent yields gap,and increased inequality: The case of Shanghai

This paper first builds a simple theoretic model to explore how a special feature of enrollment policy of public primary schools in urban China, the unequal enrollment right between home owners and tenants, would produce rent-yields gap between different housings. The model also predicts that an enrollment policy featuring with tenant discrimination, accompanying with strict credit constraint, would reduce the chance of kids from middle-income families to attend better public schools while allow families with high initial wealth to access better high-quality public education at a lower cost. Using a hedonic pricing model, we find that, in Shanghai, rental yields of housings in neighborhoods associated with reputed public primary schools is on average 0.1–0.35 percentage-point lower than those associated with ordinary ones. We also explore how the rent-yields-gap varies across housing types, locations and changes over time. Nonetheless, our simulation computation suggests that the estimated opportunity cost of holding such schools in Shanghai is generally not a big amount and affordable for many families. Overall, the high entry costs of owing a housing is the major obstacle to access high-quality public primary education in urban China. These findings highlight how an education policy with features of inequality may contribute to education and residential segregation, and then reduce intergenerational mobility.     

Product Reliability,R&D,and Manufacturing Cost Shocks

Suppose a firm’s research and development (R&D) improves product reliability which in turn decreases the cost of product failure for both the firm and its customers. The primary research question of the paper is how a firm with market power optimally adjusts its R&D if it experiences a manufacturing cost shock. Our model suggests that a manufacturing cost shock prompts the firm to do less R&D in the cases where the replacement cost is low or the marginal manufacturing cost is high. Conversely, if the replacement cost is high and the marginal manufacturing cost is low, then the firm increases R&D, mitigating some of the increase in the manufacturing cost. The paper also compares the outcomes for reliability, profits, consumer surplus, and social surplus for the optimal R&D case as compared to the case of doing no R&D, paying particular attention to how exogenous changes in the marginal manufacturing cost affect this comparison.     

Will the Sarb always Succeed in Fighting Inflation with Contractionary Policy?

The conventional view is that a monetary policy shock has both supply‐side and demand‐side effects, at least in the short run. Barth and Ramey show that the supply‐side effect of a monetary policy shock may be greater than the demand‐side effect. We argue that it is crucial for monetary authorities to understand whether an increase in expected future inflation is due to supply shocks or demand shocks before applying contractionary policy to forestall inflation. We estimate a standard New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with the cost channel of monetary policy for the South African economy to show that whether the South African Reserve Bank should apply contractionary policy to fight inflation depends critically on the nature of the disturbance. If an increase in expected future inflation is mainly due to supply shocks, the South African Reserve Bank should not apply contractionary policy to fight inflation, as this would lead to a persistent increase in inflation and a greater loss in output. Our estimation results also show that with a moderate level of cost‐channel effect and nominal rigidities, a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with the cost channel of monetary policy is able to mimic the price puzzle produced by an estimated vector autoregressive model.     

基于工程项目关键利益相关者的成本控制模型

我国建筑工程项目在成本控制水平上过多停留在子项目水平,缺乏利益相关者的系统性考虑,因此需要不断探索与改进,提高成本控制的动态性与系统性。基于对工程项目成本控制的参与程度,将其关键利益相关者划分三类,即高控型利益相关者、中控型利益相关者及低控型利益相关者,运用层次分析法(AHP),提出从业主、项目经理及外围群体的成本控制动态模型,辅以武汉某工程为实证分析,对工程项目成本控制研究提供借鉴意义。     

全球价值链形成的动力系统及运行机制研究

全球价值链的形成可以归因于条件系统、动力系统和组织系统。全球价值链的动力系统主要包括促进全球价值链形成的各种动力及其各自在系统中所处的地位和相互作用关系。文章从力学和经济学的双重视角分析了全球价值链形成的动力机制,研究结论显示：全球价值链的形成必须依赖于一定强度的链接力。市场需求是全球价值链形成的动力引擎,一旦引擎启动后,就衍生出一对推动力与离散力。比较优势、规模经济、专业化经济是推动力的来源,而运输成本、协调成本及制度成本的增加构成了离散力的主要来源。     

Social security for young people amidst high poverty and unemployment: Some policy options for South Africa

South African youth experience extremely high levels of unemployment and poverty. Currently there is no social assistance for low-income young adults in South Africa unless they are disabled. Interventions are needed that can achieve widespread poverty alleviation, as well as help facilitate economic participation to improve lifelong earnings. In this article, six examples of social security policy options are considered, including five grants ranging from an unconditional non-means-tested grant for young people to a conditional grant for young people in training or education, plus an ‘Opportunities voucher’ that is administered through the social security system but paid out to organisations offering youth education or work opportunities. Using a tax and benefit microsimulation model to simulate the five grants, we estimate the potential numbers reached and cost, as well as the impact of these six options on poverty.     

Reducing Public Debt under Dynamic Efficiency: Transitional Dynamics in Diamond's OLG Model

Fiscal retrenchment is on the political agenda in the U.S. as well as in the EU. Utilizing Diamond's [1965] classic OLG growth model with internal debt, this paper focuses on temporarily adjusting the ratio of the primary budget surplus to GDP to achieve a target debt to GDP ratio lower than its initial level in the case of dynamic efficiency. The transitional dynamics of the debt to GDP and of the capital–output ratios are rigorously analyzed. It is shown that reducing the public debt to GDP ratio diminishes private capital intensity too.The author thanks, without implication, an anonymous referee and Laurie Conway for extremely useful advice and comments.     

基于双重成本控制标准的成本计算与收益分配研究

双重成本控制标准是“基准”成本控制标准和“样板”成本控制标准“基准”成本控制标准是根据员工在持有认真的工作态度和保持应有的谨慎条件下应该达到的成本水平设置的成本控制标准;“样板”成本控制标准是以员工近期最佳的实际成本水平为基础设置的成本控制标准.双重成本控制标准是以科学发展观为指导,按照人本管理理念设置的动态成本控制标准.通过设置双重成本控制标准,提高了企业成本控制效度.将“样板”成本控制标准嵌入企业成本计算系统,可以增强企业成本计算系统功能.双重成本控制标准作用下的收益分配,是根据员工控制成本的实际结果对比双重成本控制标准产生的成本控制差异进行的分配,有利于调动员工控制成本的积极性.