Are all the parts there everywhere? Facet job satisfaction in the United States and the Philippines

The relationship of satisfaction with the “parts” or facets of the job to the “whole” of global job satisfaction and to intention to quit differed between samples of employees from financial firms in the United States of America (USA) and the Philippines. In contrast with research using commonly accepted sets of facet satisfactions developed in the USA, our results showed that additional extrinsic facets improved the explanation of outcomes in the Philippines, but not in the USA. In addition, extending past research, satisfaction with intrinsic job facets explained outcomes better in the USA than in the Philippines, and job dissatisfaction had a stronger relationship with turnover intentions in the USA than in the Philippines. Implications for the measurement of facet satisfactions, and for international management research and practice in the Philippines are discussed.     

美国火电厂污染物排放监测与控制及其对我国的启示

介绍了美国火电厂污染物排放和控制基本情况,特别是其为控制SO2排放而采取的总量控制与交易计划,分析了美国污染物排放监测与控制的主要特点,并结合中国的实际情况,从法律法规标准建设、环保监管体制、监管手段和方法等方面,提出控制我国火电厂污染物排放的建议。     

The US food stamp programme

Food stamps are a policy topic of considerable current interest in the USA. In addition, the US programme offers other countries a working example of this particular approach to food assistance and nutrition improvement. This article reviews the history, performance, fundamentals, current reform measures, and future alternatives of the programme. Although food stamps have not solved the nutrition problem in the USA, they have served reasonably well as a food assistance and income supplement programme. If comprehensive welfare reform is enacted in the USA, a food stamp programme designed to maximize its nutritional impact is advocated.     

浅析美国推广生物燃料乙醇替代甲基叔丁基醚

由于甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）的污染问题以及国际油价的持续高涨，生物燃料乙醇越来越受到美国社会公众的关注。生物燃料乙醇具有与MTBE相近的高辛烷值、良好的辛烷值调合效应、含氧量高达34．7％等特性，在技术和经济上都具有替代MTBE的可行性，美国大力推广生物燃料乙醇替代MTBE。针对美国禁用MTBE的趋势，对国内MTBE的生产和应用前景提出了发展建议。     

Changes in the Relative Economic Performance of Immigrants to Great Britain and the United States, 1980–2000

We compare the relative labour market performance of immigrants in the USA and in Britain over the period 1980–2000, when the stocks of immigrants were rising in both countries alongside differential shifts in demand and changes to labour market institutions. We find that the average relative employment prospects of immigrants are generally better in the USA than in Britain, particularly for non‐white immigrants, while the average relative wage prospects for immigrants are generally better in Britain, particularly for men. Over time, relative wage and employment prospects for immigrants to the USA appear to have deteriorated, particularly among women, in a way that is not as apparent in Britain.     

US national dietary goals: Food industry threat or opportunity?

The authors discuss the recent controversial promulgation of a set of national dietary goals for the USA, in the context of their effect on the food industry. A report is described which surveyed reactions to the goals. Several suggestions are made for food industry, consumer and government responses to changes in the food policy environment in the USA.     

中、美、日制造业发展比较研究

与美、日比较，中国制造业无论是产品。人均占有水平还是技术发展、技术装备制造、经济效益、整体实力都存在着根本差距。通过中、美、日制造业发展的比较研究，对借鉴先行国家制造业的发展经验，加快实现中国工业化具有重要意义。     

中美日电动汽车发展趋势及特点分析

世界范围内,电动汽车产业正处于快速成长期。中国、美国、日本通过政策机制、技术研发、市场培育等一系列措施推动,在全球电动汽车产业格局中占据了重要位置。在深入分析美国、日本电动汽车发展特点和经验的基础上,对我国电动汽车发展的比较优势进行了阐述,进而分析了在经济全球化环境中,相对美国、日本,我国在发挥产业比较优势时应关注的重点问题。     

美国电网投资情况分析及其启示

电网是重要的国民经济基础设施,电网投资对保证电网适度超前发展、拉动经济增长有重要作用。介绍了美国电网投资的现状,分析了美国电网投资增长的推动因素及今后的发展趋势,提出了对我国电网建设的相关启示。     

出口管制对中美贸易失衡的影响研究

文章选取被美国放松管制的典型发达国家和发展中国家作为参照样本,按照美国产业安全局关于高新技术的10个分类标准,在放松对华管制的假定条件下,模拟美国高技术产品对华潜在出口增加值,由此判断出口管制对中美贸易失衡的影响程度。研究发现：在非常宽松和宽松两种情景下,无论是参照发达国家还是发展中国家的对美贸易结构系数,影响因子的平均模拟值均低于5%,这表明出口管制不是中美贸易失衡的主要原因;但影响因子的模拟值具有普遍递增趋势,这反映出口管制对贸易失衡的影响越来越大。中美贸易呈现的并非“制度性失衡”而是“结构性失衡”。     

The Children's Foundation

In 1968 a Congressional subcommittee and The Field Foundation reported that hunger and malnutrition were a way of life for ten to fifteen million people in the USA. The report shocked many Americans. The Children's Foundation was borne out of that study and for the past ten years has fought to feed hungry children and their families in the USA by using the food assistance programmes authorized by Congress and administered by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).     

Regulatory issues in regional satellite communications: Towards a USA - Mexico bilateral agreement

This article examines the issues raised by the drawing up of a bilateral agreement for satellite communications between the USA and Mexico. Mexico has been mainly leasing capacity from INTELSAT and is developing its own Morelos satellite system. Both the USA and Mexico are keen to develop transborder satellite telecommunications services, but before coming to an agreement both parties must arrive at a clear definition of the main concepts that will constitute the agreement. Key concepts being analysed are: services classification, the reciprocity principle, economic harm to INTELSAT, and technical harm to INTELSAT.     

The Role of the State in Balancing the Minimum Wage in Turkey and the USA

In this article, the direct role of the state in industrial relations is scrutinized by focusing on the political basis of decisions regarding the minimum wage. We argue that in order to ensure stability and growth, any state must balance the interests of capital and labour when taking this kind of distributional decision. This idea is operationalized using O'Connor's concepts of accumulation and legitimation as the basis for an analytical model. Application to Turkey and comparison with the USA reveals that in Turkey, governments take account of legitimacy concerns in their minimum wage decisions due to the large number of workers directly dependent on minimum wages and weak collective bargaining institutions. In the USA, despite rather similar industrial relations conditions, this tendency is not present, probably due to the much smaller number of minimum wage earners and their weakness in the political process. However, in the USA, too, we observe that there is a difference between political parties and historical periods in the way in which the minimum wage is determined.     

Accounting rates in the Caribbean: Finding a balance

This Comment examines the issue of telecommunications accounting rates in order to gain an understanding of the current relationship between the USA and the Caribbean nations. The initiative taken by the Federal Communications Commission on this issue will either increase the region's dependency status or protect US telecommunications carriers that handle Caribbean traffic. The present status of FCC accounting rate policy is restrained. This works in favor of Caribbean nations. If the USA and the nations of the Caribbean work together a more reasonable accounting rate will result for both.     

美国和蒙古国煤炭资源开发条件简析——中国煤炭企业国际化战略系列谈(五)

美国和蒙古国煤炭资源都很丰富。对中国企业来说,美国法律法规健全,但法规程序和环境要求高,投资开发存在较大难度;蒙古国资源开发程度相对较低,但投资环境(信誉程度)相对较差,特别是法律政策在实际运行中较难把握。在两国开展矿产资源投资开发均需注意防范风险。     

美国电力管理体制的改革

美国电力工业从上世纪九十年代起开始改革。二十多年来,美国联邦能源监管委员会在建立电力批发市场方面以及在建立区域输电系统方面进行了一系列改革,包括对电力企业实行放松管制、引入竞争机制,开放输电网络、市场定价,无歧视入网、搁浅成本的处理、输电系统的信息透明化等,最终使美国的电力系统效率更高、电价更低,服务质量逐步提高。     

Technology and the world food problem : A US view

In order to realise the potential for increased production in the developing countries more and better technology will have to be made available to these countries. After outlining the problems involved in this the authors discuss the role of the USA and other aid giving countries. They suggest three areas where the rich countries can help: increasing the supply of research skills; expanding experiment station capacity in the developing countries; and strengthening support for basic research in the USA. The rich countries will have to face the problem of encouraging increased production of competitive commodities in the developing countries.     

Global politics and INTELSAT: The conduct of foreign relations in an electronically interconnected world

The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), with its extensive satellite system, has had important effects on foreign policy making throughout the globe. By successful international cooperation, INTELSAT has made extensive communication possible, reducing economic, political and cultural isolation and increasing access to information. The USA, who founded INTELSAT, is now planning to license satellites in competition with INTELSAT. The author argues that such action would be globally divisive, harm developing nations, and boost the rival INTERSPUTNIK. He makes an urgent call for the USA and others to continue to operate through INTELSAT and encourage its role in furthering enlightened foreign relations.     

Direct broadcasting by satellite in the USA: Interim regulations and implications

Technological advances in satellite communications and changes in regulatory philosophy in the USA came together at the end of the 1970s to foster a new medium — direct broadcasting by satellite (DBS). DBS, similar to other new television distribution systems, holds the promise not only of serving the people who cannot be reached by conventional television systems, but also of offering diverse programming to existing television audiences. However, the potential problems raised by the FCC's interim DBS regulations might jeopardize the economic viability and the development of future DBS systems in the USA, and might affect the interests of DBS audiences.     

The emerging oligopoly of pay-TV in the USA

The pay-television industry in the USA has been developing very rapidly in the past five years and is providing network quality alternatives to the mass taste programming of commercial television. However, the industry has been developing along lines very similar to the early history of radio in the USA with the emergence of strong distributor networks, restrictive affiliation contracts, and wide-spread vertical integration across all stages of production. History and economic efficiencies suggest that the result will be a strong oligopoly market structure. The proper public policy, then, is to insure that the unavoidable degree of concentration is not greater than that needed for efficiency reasons.