Individual pay for performance in Spain: Cognitive sociology and the subsidiary insider perspective

This article examines how individual pay for performance is interpreted, predominantly by nonmanagerial employees, within the European context, at three subsidiaries of one U.S. multinational corporation in Spain. The study reveals how two levels of the cognitive socialization process color the lens through which employees view pay for performance and reveals how subsidiary founding, politics of resistance, and host‐country effects impact the implementation of the practice. Contrary to past studies in the literature, the study discovered a large number of nonmanagerial employees with a positive interpretation of pay for performance due to the influence of pre‐existing organizational cultural experiences. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Benchmarking the HR practices of an engineering institute with public sector industry for performance enhancement

This study has been undertaken to compare the human resource development climate (HRDC) in an engineering institute with that of public sector industry in India, based on seven dimensions reflecting the nature of HRDC, and making suggestions to improve the HRDC in the institute. A sample size of 100 individuals each from the public sector and the institute was selected on a proportionate representative random sampling basis. Besides the mean and standard deviation, t‐test test has been carried out to test the hypothesis, which investigates the difference applicable to HRDC. Based on the results, suggestions are made to enhance the HRD mechanisms of the engineering institute.     

Fast-food consumption in South Korea

The consumption of fast-food products in Korea has undergone a rapid increase over the past ten to fifteen years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency with which South Koreans consume seven common Western-style fast-food products and five common Korean-style fast-food products, and to find the socio-economic group most responsible for the increase in fast-food consumption. Data were collected on the dietary patterns and socio-economic backgrounds of 1,745 subjects between the ages of 12 and 64 years in urban and rural areas of Korea. This study showed that the fast-food products investigated were consumed mainly by Koreans under the age of 30, single, female, residents of Seoul, and either presently students or young adults with only grade school education. However, the results indicated that the consumption of most fast-food products was distributed amongst all income levels.     

Trust and affective commitment as energizing forces for export performance

This study explores the effects of trust, commitment, relation-oriented competencies and entrepreneurial competencies on export performance. Using survey data from 134 exporting organizations located in the south of the Netherlands, a conceptual model is tested in which trust and affective commitment act as energizing forces for the development of competencies that have a positive effect on export performance. The main difference between this approach and other models is that affective commitment is hypothesized to have an indirect effect on performance, rather than a direct effect. This prediction is borne out by the data, which indicates that the role of trust and affective commitment in relational models of export performance may need to be reconsidered.     

Dairy product consumption in South Korea

The per capita daily consumption of dairy products increased approximately 2450% in South Korea from 1969 to 1987. The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency with which urban South Koreans consume 10 common dairy products, and to find the socio-economic group most responsible for the increase in dairy product consumption. Data were collected on the dietary patterns and socio-economic backgrounds of 923 women, 880 children and 772 men in urban areas. This study showed that seven of 10 dairy products investigated were consumed evenly by both sexes, all age groups and income levels. However, three recently-introduced products (i.e. cheese, ice cream and butter) were found to be consumed most frequently by young Koreans in the high income level.     

Individual and contextual influences on the affective commitment of retail salespeople

Abstract

Salesperson characteristics as well as managerial approaches have been found to play an important role in the development of positive attitudes by salespersons towards an organisation. This study integrates these two research areas to investigate the personal and contextual antecedents of affective organisational commitment of retail salespeople. Fit theory and the literature on person–situation interaction provide the theoretical bases for explaining how salesperson selling skills, job liking, and empowerment individually and jointly influence affective commitment. A multilevel modelling approach is used to analyse data from 105 sales managers and 419 salespeople. Findings reveal that salespersons' affective commitment is influenced by their selling skills, degree of job liking, tenure, and empowerment. The results also indicate that the impact of selling skills on affective commitment is higher when empowerment is high. Based on the study's findings, implications for managing salespeople as well as limitations and suggestions for future research are offered.     

中朝韩经贸关系纵深发展的战略进路

随着东北亚地区经济联系的日益紧密,域内国家间的相互依存度明显提高.东北亚经济合作划时代的契机是域内国家签订自由贸易协定,从而平行地促进产业分工.中朝韩三国经贸合作规模的提升和发展速度的提高,可以推动一度因日本态度消极而搁浅的中日韩自由贸易区建设,并将成为东北亚经济合作发展的催化剂.中朝经贸发展的能动力在于中国建设性的参与朝鲜的经济革新发展,而中韩经贸发展的增长点则在于加速建立自由贸易区.     

Managerial pay and financial performance of small business

The purpose of this study is to examine empirically whether managerial pay of small-firm executives is more closely related to profitability or generation of sales. Conventional economic doctrine supports the hypothesis that chief executives are paid primarily to advance profitability. The contrary hypothesis, given impetus by Baumol [2] and Galbraith [8], asserts a closer relationship between compensation and sales. Previous studies of large corporations have produced conflicting results. Regression analysis of the 78 small firms in this study reveals managers receiving compensation correlating fairly closely with both profitability and sales. The cumulative forces at work in these firms impacting upon managerial pay appear to have wrought a linkage conductive toward motivating managers to be both “bottom line” and marketing oriented.     

Changing facets of leadership in East Asia: globalization,innovation and performance in Japan,South Korea and China

ABSTRACT

Japan, South Korea and China are the three juggernauts of the East Asian economy. In gross domestic product terms, China is the world’s second largest economy, Japan the third and South Korea the eleventh. Also, Japan and South Korea are the only two of the OECD’s prestigious Development Assistance Committee members from Asia, providing a large combined annual budget to developing countries, and the only two Asian countries of the seven-member 50–20 Club with members with a population of 50 million or more and a per capita GDP of US$20,000 or more. Many studies have offered explanations of this Asian economic and corporate success, although few have attempted to explain the leadership styles in these three countries. Globalization has also changed these economies enormously, leading to the possible convergence with universalism forces and commensurate globalization of their leadership styles. This collection, therefore, presents some of the most recent findings of leadership studies on Japan, South Korea and China in light of this.     

High-involvement human resource practices,affective commitment,and organizational citizenship behaviors

Although understanding the concept of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in a service context is important, very few studies have investigated what motivates frontline service employees to exhibit such behaviors. This study examines how high-involvement human resource (HR) practices influence affective commitment, which contributes to citizenship behaviors in service settings from the employees' point of view. Based on previous studies, this study proposed a conceptual model and hypothesized that five constructs of HR practices (i.e. recognition, empowerment, competence development, fair rewards, and information sharing) facilitate the development of frontline employees' affective commitment. This kind of organizational commitment in turn contributes to OCB (i.e. loyalty, participation, and service delivery). Data were collected from 172 contact employees of Taiwanese restaurants. The result indicated that high-involvement HR practices play an important role in determining contact employees' affective commitment. Moreover, affective commitment was found to be an effective linkage between high-involvement HR practices and contact employees' citizenship behaviors.     

韩国新时尚--什么才是最酷的手机?

2002年12月，据韩国信息通信产业部公布的数字，在4，800万的韩国人中，有3，230万人在使用手机。从学生到BOBO一族，他们纷纷追逐着属于自己的时尚潮流。     

Ecological dynamics of industrial organizations in South Korea

By utilizing the ecological perspective, this study examines ecological dynamics of industrial organizations in the manufacturing sector of the Korean economy over the period between 1950 and 1990. First, this study investigates how a population of manufacturing establishments grew in size across different age cohorts. The investigation of the age structure of a population of manufacturing establishments shows that the overall growth trajectory follows, by and large, a pattern of dominance of large-scale production units. It also shows that expansion of existing manufacturing establishments rather than entry of new ones has been the significant contributing factor in accounting for the growth of industry. Second, this study examines how certain cohorts of organizations survived over time and how they differentially died out in the face of rapid environmental change. The examination of the underlying population volatility of manufacturing establishments shows that the net mortality rates of different birth cohorts decrease with age. However, during the periods of economic recession and political turmoil, old cohorts have higher net mortality rates than younger ones, indicating their vulnerability toward profound institutional realignments as well as their heavy reliance on political networks. This finding indicates that the liability of newness thesis should be applied with caution.     

Changing corporate culture over time in South Korea

Corporate culture change is an interesting topic, not least since cultures are often seen as deeply ingrained and slow moving. Here we look at the example of the large, diversified conglomerates in South Korea – the chaebol. This is partly because of their strong corporate cultures, importance in the country's economic development and growth and growing public and political backlash against what are seen as overly powerful institutions. We find that over the decade from one crisis, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, to the next, the 2008 global financial crisis, there has indeed been change between and within chaebol corporate cultures. However, this is not as straightforward as it seems and the situation in and after 2011 has become even more complex, mainly due to changes in the global environment.     

韩国流通产业发展法及其对中国的启示

韩国流通产业虽然不是世界上最先进的,但由于市场开放较早,在流通产业法律规制方面走在了中国的前面.国内市场开放后,随着流通产业结构的改变,韩国出台和修改了相关法律,并根据产业发展阶段作出相应调整,以此促进流通产业现代化.中韩两国在流通市场开放和发展过程中具有很大的相似性,韩国流通产业发展法至少在以下几方面给我国流通产业立法提供了参考:一是促进流通产业政策法律化;二是加强对大规模商业网点的规制;三是建立培养流通管理专业人才的制度;四是设立流通纠纷调解委员会;五是规定严格的法律责任.     

Individual and Organizational Antecedents of Professional Ethics of Public Relations Practitioners in Korea

This study examines the effects of individual ethical values and organizational factors on the professional ethics of PR practitioners in Korea by considering a person–situation interactionist model. Individual ethical values are used as individual factors, and organizational factors consist of an organization’s reward and punishment for ethical/unethical behavior, the behavior of peers, and the ethical integrity of the chief ethics officer. The professional ethics of PR practitioners (the dependent variable) are classified into the following three dimensions: professional ethics for the public, the client, and the PR industry. The results indicate that agency practitioners were more likely to be committed to their profession than to their organization, whereas in-house practitioners were more likely to be committed to their organization than to their profession. That is, in-house practitioners showed weak professional commitment, indicating that they perceived themselves as employees, not as PR professionals. Organizational factors such as reward, punishment, and peers’ ethical behavior had considerable influence on the professional ethics of in-house practitioners, whereas they had little influence on agency practitioners. Organizational factors as well as individual ethical values were more likely to influence the professional ethics of in-house practitioners than that of agency practitioners. Thus, to foster in-house practitioners’ professional ethics and commitment, professional associations in the PR industry should make efforts to provide in-house practitioners with more information on the PR industry and more opportunities for interacting and maintaining communication with their colleagues in the industry.     

韩国的东北亚经济中心建设构想及难题

为了应对东北亚区域内外环境的变化以及韩国经济可持续发展的需要,韩国政府提出了构建东北亚经济中心的构想。这是一个以东北亚地区经济合作为基础,以促进东北亚地区经济资源流动与经济发展为目的,由韩国发挥中心作用的远大战略,其建设方案主要包括东北亚物流中心、金融中心、企业中心等内容。文章提出,实现这一目标,需要巨大的资本和较长的时间,需要对韩国政治、行政、经济、媒体、教育等领域进行改革;必须得到东北亚区域内国家特别是中国和日本的协助,构建东北亚经济合作组织。     

China and South Korea FTA Will Bring New Opportunities

On February 25,2015,China and South Korea have initialed their free trade agreement(FTA),the end of the FTA negotiations,according to a brief statement on the Ministry of Commerce(MOC)website.The China-South Korea FTA is a high-level and comprehensive one that also includes investment and services trade.What’s in the FTA?According to the information from     

CCPIT Delegation Visits Major Economic Organizations in South Korea

On March 11, a CCPIT delegation headed by WangJinzhen, Vice President of CCPIT visited Federation of Korean Industries （FKI）, Korean SME Central Council and Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry （KCCI）.